粉喷桩地基实验研究及设计方法

粉喷桩作为加固软土地基的一种方法，在软土地区广泛应用。但目前尚无统一的计算与设计方法。本文从实验数据着手，结合工程实测资料，提出了粉喷桩复合地基的计算与设计方法。     

对粉喷桩软土复合地基承载力确定方法的探讨

结合工程实例，分析了在高压缩性软土地区，采用复合地基载荷试验及计算方法确定粉喷桩复合地基承载力存在的问题，并提出对确定软土粉喷桩复合地基承载力的看法。     

关于水泥粉喷桩有效桩长的探讨

通过对水泥粉喷桩的特性和桩的受力情况的分析，表明水泥粉喷桩存在一有效桩长，认为水泥粉喷桩在有效桩长深度内才能有效地传递荷载。水泥粉喷桩有效桩长取决于地基土性、水泥标号和水泥掺合量。     

粉喷桩复合地基的数值计算分析

结合粉喷桩复合地基的特点，提出采用过渡层模拟桩接触面的思路，进行了轴对称Biot固结有限元计算分析。与实测资料对比表明，可较好地揭示粉喷桩复合地基的荷载传递规律和沉降变形特性。通过对加固区和下卧层的应力计算分析，揭示了粉喷桩复合地基的附加应力场的分布特性，说明所采用的计算方法是合理可行的。     

粉喷桩提升速度的确定

本文通过对粉喷桩施工参数的探讨，研究了粉喷桩喷粉提升速度与质量、效益的关系，提出了施工时钻机喷粉提升速度的经验数据，以便于对粉喷桩施工质量进行控制。     

试论水泥喷射搅拌桩的单桩承载力测试

水泥喷射搅拌桩（以下简称粉喷桩）是软土地基加固的一种方法。按规范，一般测试复合地基承载力作为加固效果的评判标准。粉喷桩是复合地基的基础，很多设计单位和建设单位要求对单桩进行承载力检测，验证桩的设计参数，检查施工质量。由于粉喷桩承载力能否测试，如何取值等，没有规范依据，给检测工作带来困难。本文就此问题谈一点看法。     

粉体深层喷射搅拌桩及其在沧州沿海地区的应用

本文以工程为例，介绍沧州沿地区某住宅楼采用粉喷桩的地基处理方法，说明粉体深层喷射搅拌桩的应用范围及形成机理和布桩形式，指出粉喷桩为一种较好的基础形式，适用于各类软土层。     

水泥粉体喷射搅拌桩处理饱和黄土地基的探讨

饱和黄土地基是多年来建筑地基处理的难点，随着近年来多层住宅建设的蓬勃发展，饱和黄土地基的加固处理成为了目前的热门课题，本文从饱和黄土的工程性质入手，介绍了粉喷桩处理饱和黄土的施工原理及方法，对粉喷桩处理饱和黄土地基应用中几个问题作了探讨。     

粉喷桩-石灰桩联合加固软弱地基试验研究

某工程软土地基由淤泥和淤泥质粘土组成,需对其进行处理,使复合地基承载力达到180 kPa,以满足上部荷载要求。采用粉喷桩、粉喷桩-石灰桩联合加固方法对该地基进行现场加固试验研究,结果证明,粉喷桩-石灰桩联合加固法比单纯采用粉喷桩加固法更节省费用,效果更好。在联合加固法中,先施打粉喷桩,后施打石灰桩的工序比先施打石灰桩后施打粉喷桩的工序能获得更高的复合地基承载力。并对联合加固法的复合地基承载力的计算方法提出了建议。     

粉喷桩处理高速公路桥头软基试验研究--以京珠高速公路广珠东线某试验段为例

通过在京珠高速公路广珠东线某试验段进行的系统室内配合比试验、工程桩大型无侧限抗压试验、现场天然地基、粉喷桩复合地基、粉喷桩单桩载荷试验和现场沉降观测,分析了粉喷桩的掺入比与桩体强度增长关系、处理的效果,探讨了粉喷桩处理软土地基的掺入比、强度增长、沉降量减少等机理问题,表明粉喷桩是一种处理桥头过渡段软基的有效方法。     

Compressibility Behavior of Fibrous Peat Reinforced with Cement Columns

This paper presents the compressibility of fibrous peat reinforced with cylindrical cement columns. The effects of the cement column diameter on the compressibility have been investigated in this study. The results indicated that compressibility index C _c and C _α decreased with increasing diameter of the cement column. Specimens with 45 mm (area ratio = 0.09) diameter and 60 mm (area ratio = 0.16) diameter of cement columns were cured for 7, 14 and 28 days, after which they were subjected to Rowe Cell consolidation test. Results are also presented from tests conducted on groups of cement columns using four (area ratio = 0.04) and nine (area ratio = 0.09) columns of 15 mm diameter each to investigate the influence of the number of cement columns on compressibility of peat. Apart from that various proportions of cement were used to form cement columns in order to study the influence. Based on the results obtained, it shows that cement columns can successfully reduce the compressibility of fibrous peat.     

水泥混合上海黏土pH值和电导率与强度特性研究

针对目前钻芯取样、标准贯入试验、荷载试验等水泥搅拌桩的检测方法试验要求高、试验时间长、测试费用高等诸多缺点,提出联合测定水泥土初期pH值与电导率的方式来判断其后期无侧限抗压强度与混合土性状的方法。以上海地区第④层黏性土为研究对象、以水泥掺量为变量,对加固土体的化学性质与其强度增长特性做了试验研究;探讨了pH值和电导率与水泥掺量、养护时间、后期强度之间的关系。试验结果表明,当水泥土初期的pH值和电导率大于分别为11.5和0.09 s/m的临界值时开始产生强度。在此之后强度随着pH值的增长而缓慢增加,但当pH达到11.8时,强度开始随着pH值的增长而迅速增加。电导率与强度变化关系的这些特征可以避免用水泥土初期pH值单一化学指标来判定其后期无侧限抗压强度带来的误差与风险。为判定上海地区黏性土水泥搅拌桩的强度提供试验依据。     

Undrained Shear Characteristics of Tropical Peat Reinforced with Cement Stabilized Soil Column

Peat commonly occurs as extremely soft, wet, unconsolidated surface deposits that are integral parts of wetland systems. Cement is widely used for the stabilization of peat by deep mixing method. This paper presents the results of the shear strength parameters of study models (fibrous, hemic and sapric peats stabilized with columns formed by dry mixing method). The columns were formed of peat treated with cement in different proportions. Triaxial test was performed after curing the samples for 28?days to evaluate the shear strength parameters. The results showed that the shear strength of peats can be improved significantly by the installation of cement stabilized soil columns. The amount of cement used to form the column and its diameter were observed to influence the strain–stress graph of peat reinforced. Furthermore, the result showed that the effect of cement was the highest on sapric peat due to its physico-chemical properties.     

Performance-based design optimization of embankments resting on soft soil improved with T-shaped and conventional DCM columns

Acta Geotechnica - This paper presents a parametric study of the optimization design for T-shaped deep cement mixing (TDM) and conventional deep cement mixing (DCM) columns improved soft soil for...     

Finite element modelling of laterally loaded lime–cement columns using a damage plasticity model

The behaviour of laterally loaded lime–cement columns in a shear box was studied. Laboratory tests are presented together with numerical analyses where the columns are simulated by a concrete damage plasticity model that considers stiffness degradation. Seven model tests were investigated where the columns were installed in a single column pattern and in rows with different column overlap in order to investigate the influence of the degree of overlapping of the columns in the rows. The results of the numerical evaluations showed good agreement with the experimental shear stress–displacement relation and a good accuracy with respect to the fractures developed.     

钉形水泥土双向搅拌桩加固软土地基的效果分析

针对水泥土搅拌桩应用中存在的问题,介绍了最新研制的钉形水泥土双向搅拌桩及其施工工艺。施工质量检验表明,钉形水泥土双向搅拌桩桩体质量好于常规水泥土搅拌桩,钉形水泥土双向搅拌桩单桩及复合地基承载力分别较常规水泥土搅拌桩的单桩及复合地基承载力有较大提高。通过对试验段的观测成果分析,论证了钉形水泥土双向搅拌桩加固软土地基优越的工程特性。     

Experimental investigations on ultimate bearing capacity of peat stabilized by a group of soil–cement column: a comparative study

The aim of this paper was to determine the ultimate vertical bearing capacity of rectangular rigid footings resting on homogeneous peat stabilized by a group of cement deep mixing (CDM) columns. For this purpose, a series of physical modeling tests involving end-bearing and floating CDM columns were performed. Three length/depth ratios of 0.25, 0.5, and 0.75 and three area improvement ratios of 13.1, 19.6, and 26.2 % were considered. Bearing capacity of the footings was studied using different analytical procedures. The results indicated that compared to unimproved peat, the average ultimate bearing capacity (UBC) improvement of floating and end-bearing CDM columns were 60 and 223 %, respectively. The current study found that simple Brom’s method predicted the UBC of the peat stabilized with floating CDM columns with reasonable accuracy, but underestimated the UBC by up to 25 % in the case of end-bearing CDM columns. Published laboratory experiences of stabilizing soft soils using soil–cement columns were also collated in this paper.     

A Solution to the Problem of Predicting the Suitability of Silty–clayey Materials for Cement-stabilization

Major geotechnical problems in construction involving silty–clayey soils are due to their low strength, durability and high compressibility of soft soils, and the swell–shrink nature of the overconsolidated swelling soils. Confronted with these problems, a suitable ground improvement technique is needed, for deep excavations in soft clays, for stability, durability and deformation control. Cement-stabilization is one of the alternatives. An increase in strength and durability, reduction in deformability are the main aims of this method. Conventional cement-stabilization methods are used mainly for surface treatment. However, the use of cement has recently been extended to a greater depth in which cement columns were installed to act as a type of soil reinforcement (deep cement–soil mixing and cement jet grouting). In situ engineering properties of these silty–clayey soils are often variable and difficult to predict. For this reason cement-stabilization methods have a basic target to control the aforementioned engineering properties of these clays so that the properties of a silty–clayey soil become more like the properties of a soft rock such as clayey shale or lightly cemented sandstone. So cement-stabilization of these soils is essential to control their engineering properties and to predict their engineering behaviour for construction. In an effort to predict, classify and study the suitability of silty–clayey soils for cement-stabilization both slaking and unconfined compressive strength tests were carried out on clayey–sand mixtures consisted of two types of clays, kaolin and bentonite. Finally diagrams were prepared to study the variation of slaking and strength due to compaction, curing time and cement percentage and also to predict areas of efficient cement-stabilization.     

Electro-Osmotic Consolidation Experiments on an Organic Soil

A series of electro-osmotic consolidation experiments were carried out on an organic soil from the central Sarawak region of Malaysia. Commercially available EVD was used to induce electro-osmosis and drainage of pore water. The influence of the method of drainage and pumping interval of drained water on electro-osmotic consolidation was investigated. The combination of electro-osmotic consolidation and chemical stabilization techniques was investigated by installing lime or cement columns near the anode end of the test bed. The binder factor in the lime and cement columns was varied. The paper presents the experimental set-up, test procedures, experimental program, results and conclusions of the study. Electro-osmosis, using EVDs, was effective in the electrokinetic treatment of the organic soil. The two types of drainage, namely drainage at bottom and drainage tubes, were effective. Electro-osmotic consolidation improved with decrease in pumping interval. The lime and cement columns, used in combination with electro-osmosis, increased the undrained strength further.     

不规则柱状节理岩体力学特性模型试验研究

结合Voronoi图随机模拟和3D打印技术制备不规则柱状节理网络模型,采用白水泥浆类岩石相似模型材料浇筑模型并拆模,然后分别采用白乳胶和502胶水作为黏结剂黏结柱体得到两组不规则柱状节理岩体试件,通过对其进行室内单轴压缩试验研究不规则柱状节理岩体强度特性和破坏模式。试验结果表明：不规则柱状节理岩体试件单轴抗压强度随柱体倾角的变化曲线呈现近似“J”型,表现出显著各向异性特征;不规则柱状节理岩体试件典型破坏模式包括沿柱状节理面的劈裂破坏、沿柱状节理面的剪切破坏和沿柱体的压裂破坏等3种,其部分破坏形态有异于规则柱状节理岩体试件。同时,通过与采用净水泥浆作为黏结剂的柱状节理岩体试验结果进行比较,结果表明：采用白乳胶和502胶水作为黏结剂时柱体间黏结强度更低,能够较好反映柱状节理面的弱化效应,试件力学响应与真实柱状节理岩体更为一致。