河北省廊坊市某小区岩土工程勘察及成果分析

介绍了河北省廊坊市某小高层住宅小区岩土工程勘察的内容、场区工程地质情况，并进行了场地土的液化判别，对建筑地基土层进行了分析计算，并提出了地基处理方案的建议。     

廊坊市工程地质问题及防治措施

在工程地质、水文地质、构造地质条件评价的基础上,讨论了廊坊市工程软土、液化土层工程地质问题的分布特征,对地基持力层进行了初步选择。在此基础之上确定地基加固措施或桩基础方法处理工程地质问题。     

奉化江、姚江流域工程地质分区和工程地质问题

根据钻孔原位测试和岩土样品试验室分析结果,对奉化江、姚江面积约600km。流域的工程地质结构进行了研究,并对流域地表以下60m范围内进行了工程地质分区和工程地质问题探讨。结果表明：（1）全新统镇海组有3个工程地质层和5个亚层,上更新统宁波组有3个工程地质层和20个亚层,下伏基岩归入1个基岩工程地质层;（2）可选用的持力层为④1、④3-2、④3-3、⑤1、⑤3-1、⑤3-2、⑥1、⑥3-1、⑥3-2、⑥4工程地质亚层和基岩工程地质层,持力层地基承载力特征值fak≥160kPa;（3）流域内有两个硬土层,即岩性为粉质粘土的第一硬土层④1和第二硬土层⑤1;（4）根据各持力层的厚度和组合分布特征,研究区被划为6个工程地质分区,并提供了每一个工程地质分区的持力层、基础类型;（5）主要工程地质问题是地面沉降和软土震陷。     

金乡矿区深厚土层工程地质特性初步研究

矿区深厚土层的工程地质性质对建井和开采有着重要的影响．本文根据金乡矿区详查阶段工程地质勘察成果，对厚松散层进行了工程地质层组划分，研究了各层组的矿物成分、物理性质、水理性质、力学性质和水文地质特征等在平面上和剖面上的变化规律，为该区的建井、防水煤岩柱留设和地表沉陷预计等提供依据。     

黄河水下三角洲粉质土扰动土层特征及成因探析

黄河水下三角洲上分布着大量的扰动土层,其性质与周围未扰动土相比有很大的差异。在老黄河口区选择扰动土层的典型分布区,利用工程地质钻探取样、原位静力触探试验和浅地层剖面探测对海底扰动土层的厚度及工程地质特征进行了调查分析。结果表明,与未扰动土相比,扰动土的重度较大、孔隙比较小、含水率较低、强度有一定程度的提高。同时,分别对风暴潮作用下黄河水下三角洲粉质土的瞬时液化极限深度和残余液化极限深度进行了计算。计算结果表明,残余液化极限深度较大。将残余液化极限深度、通过浅地层剖面探测结果所得的扰动土层厚度以及通过土工试验统计结果所得的扰动土层厚度进行了对比,发现三者对应很好。对黄河水下三角洲粉质土中扰动土层的形成机制进行了探讨,认为风暴潮作用过程中产生的土体液化是其主要诱因。     

上海地面沉降和土层变形机理

在总结分析以往大量野外观测资料和室内试验资料的基础上,本文论述了上海地面沉降机理和土层的变形规律。文中通过对各土层单位变形量的分析,将各土层的变形量根据含水层的水位变幅予以规格化,并运用“胀缩比”的概念,以此判断上海各土层的残余变形特征。一、上海复盖层的地质概况上海第四纪沉积物一般厚达300米。按水文、工程地质特征可划分为五个承压含水层和13个工程地质层(图1)。     

土体工程地质层组的划分

工程地质岩组的划分是岩体质量评价的基础。当大型工程揭露土层很多时,进行土体工程地质层组的划分亦是十分必要的。它可以更为清晰的反映场地地质结构的变化规律,便于地质模型的概化和参数研究,有助于抓住主要工程地质问题进行评价,便于设计师的理解和应用。以南京地铁南北线一期工程为例,探讨了土体工程地质岩组的划分问题。通过以层组为基础的参数离散性统计、工程地质模型与工程地质问题的分析可以看出该层组划分方案的合理性与工程意义。     

钙质砂后压浆桩水平承载性状模型试验研究

后压浆技术已应用于珊瑚岛礁基础设施建设中,但有关钙质砂后压浆桩水平承载性状的研究较少。针对钙质砂地基中后压浆桩的水平承载问题,通过室内模型试验手段对钙质砂未压浆桩与后压浆桩的水平承载规律进行了研究,探究了后压浆对钙质砂桩基水平承载性状的影响,并通过开挖后压浆单桩,分析了注入的水泥浆液在钙质砂中的渗扩情况。结果表明,钙质砂后压浆桩的水平临界荷载和水平极限荷载较同条件下未压浆桩均有显著的提高,且变形控制能力优于同条件下未压浆桩;未压浆桩与后压浆桩的桩侧地基土水平抗力系数的比例系数m值随桩顶侧向位移的增加逐渐趋于一致,且桩身弯矩和桩侧土压力都主要集中在上部桩身和土层中;桩基水平承载力受上部土体的影响较大,桩侧压浆通过改善上部土层的物理力学性质能有效提高桩基抵抗水平荷载的能力。此外,通过开挖分析得出桩侧注入的水泥浆液沿着桩身上返、下渗并横向扩散与钙质砂颗粒形成了水泥土加固体的稳定结构,进而提升了钙质砂桩基水平承载性能。     

珠江口内伶仃岛以北水域海底工程地质条件评价

珠江口内伶仃岛以北水域海底工程地质调查表明，该海域海底表层土主要为流泥和於泥。钻孔揭露海底以T36．6m土层，从上到下依此划分为11层，为流泥、淤泥质土、淤泥、流泥、淤泥、粗砾砂、粉质粘土、中细砂、花岗岩残积土、强风化花岗岩和中风化花岗岩。在综合研究了区域地质、海底地形地貌、地质灾害类型、海底土的物理力学性质、土体稳定性、砂土液化特性的基础上，将研究区划分为工程地质Ⅰ区、工程地质Ⅱ区和工程地质Ⅲ区，进行了工程地质条件和各区的稳定性评价。认为Ⅰ区为次稳定区，Ⅱ区为不稳定区．Ⅲ区为次不稳定区。     

太平煤矿深厚土层的水文地质工程地质性质

依据对太平煤矿3号煤区深厚土层的水文地质与工程地质勘测及室内外实验结果,分析了主要的水文地质与工程地质特征及其对3号煤开采的影响,对矿区防水煤岩柱留设高度进行了合理确定。      

IGCP 379“岩溶作用与碳循环”在中国的研究进展

ＩＧＣＰ３７９项“岩溶作用与碳循环”是中国建议并组织实施的,于１９９５～１９９９年执行。作者对１９９５年以来项目的实施情况及其研究进展作了总结,并对每一科学的研究进展作了综述：（１）表夺溶系统碳循环与大气ＣＯ２源汇的主要进展有３方面：扩展了研究地区;揭示了秀层岩溶系统碳循环的运动机制;对表层岩溶作用回收大气ＣＯ２量进行了估算;（２）深部ＣＯ２释放问题的主要进展有;发现了更多的深部ＣＯ２释放带;揭示     

中国第四纪孢粉学研究进展

随着全球变化研究的不断深入,中国第四纪孢粉学研究已取得的长足的发展。化石样品的时间分辨率不断提高,在黄土高原１０万年尺度的孢粉记录分析已达到了小于千年的分辨率,在内蒙古调角海子钻孔的研究已达到百年分辨率。其次,为了准确解译化石孢粉的生态意义,开展了大量表土花粉研究,在中国北方建立了花粉－气候转换函数、气候－花粉响应面模型;系统地开展了表土花粉模拟生物群区的研究,并取得了良好的结果;开展了华北平原不     

Problems of riverbed evolution in the basin of the Ural River

Aspects of riverbed evolution including bank erosion in the Ural River basin have been considered in this paper. The natural morphodynamic types of riverbeds have been described. The spatial features of their genesis have been characterized within the Ural River basin. To study the riverbed processes, decoding of remote sensing data of the water surface has been used. The risks for the infrastructure facilities and for the residential districts have been analyzed in terms of the bank erosion in the Ural River basin. The issues concerning the border between the Russian Federation and the Republic of Kazakhstan due to riverbed reconfiguration of the Ural River have been outlined. Maps of the development of bank erosion in the Ural River basin have been created. A way to solve the problem of riverbed evolution along the border area has been proposed by organizing an Intergovernmental Specially Protected Natural Zone.

     

Analysis of beams on tensionless reinforced granular fill‐soil system

In this paper, a beam subjected to end concentrated loads has been modeled and analyzed to estimate its flexural response. The beam has been assumed to rest on reinforced earth beds with reinforcing elements having some finite bending stiffness. The reinforcing elements have been idealized as beams with smooth surface characteristics. The foundation system has been assumed to react only in compression (tensionless foundation), i.e. the separation between the upper beam and the ground surface has been taken into consideration. Winkler springs of different stiffnesses have been used to idealize the upper dense and lower poor soils. As the analysis considers the separation between the upper beam and the soil, the weight of the upper beam has been taken into account. The governing differential equations have been derived and presented in a non‐dimensional form. These equations have been solved using finite difference method with the help of appropriate boundary and continuity conditions. The response of the foundation system has been compared with the case when the beam is in perfect contact with the ground surface. The parametric study shows that the response of the model is greatly affected by the length ratio of beams, ratio of stiffness of upper and lower soil layers, ratio of flexural rigidity of upper and lower beams and weight of the upper foundation beam. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

基于GPS的兴隆庄煤矿的近井网建设与十字中线恢复

兴隆庄煤矿近井网和井筒十字中线破坏严重,为了保障煤矿正常的生产需求,利用GPS技术建立了D级GPS近井网,利用三等水准测量确定了近井网各GPS点的正常高程,并利用高精度全站仪恢复了井筒十字中线,进行了垂直度检测,埋设了基桩点。     

土体注浆堵水的可靠性设计

建立了一套完整的土体注浆堵水可靠性设计系统。绘制了注浆堵水故障树及成功树;建立了各基本事件的极限状态方程;提出了关于单孔及多孔注浆系统的各种逻辑关系计算模型及其可靠度计算方法;定义了注浆系统的工作状态及不同注浆工程的安全等级;给出了各种注浆工程的可靠性指标;给出了注浆工程的可靠性设计方法及步骤。可用于指导现场注浆工程的设计和施工,具有较大的理论意义和广阔的应用前景。     

Restructuring of the Solar Magnetic Fields and Flare Activity Centers in Cycle 24

The development of the solar magnetic activity in cycle 24 has been analyzed. It has been shown that the significant north–south asymmetry of magnetic activity was accompanied by the asynchronous reorganization of solar magnetic fields in the northern and southern hemispheres. The formation of unipolar magnetic regions after the decay of activity centers has been studied. The meridional transport of unipolar magnetic regions leading to changes in the zonal structure of the solar magnetic field has been shown. Long-lived centers of flare activity have been found to exist during the periods of magnetic field restructuring. The spatiotemporal analysis of the flare ensemble making it possible to diagnose non-stationary processes in the solar atmosphere has been shown.     

天津地区地铁深基坑施工安全控制标准研究

软土地区的深基坑施工中,确定合理的基坑安全的控制标准至关重要。由于不可能通过现场的全比尺试验确定这一控制标准,为此以大量的工程实测数据为基础,准确确定模拟基坑施工过程的有限元分析模型和计算参数。通过数值模拟方法,实现对基坑破坏过程的研究。分别计算当基坑即将发生整体稳定破坏时,支护结构变形量与地表最大沉降量和坑深的比值,确定适合于天津地区地铁深基坑施工安全的控制标准。     

Seismic horizontal pullout capacity of shallow vertical anchors in sand

The concept of the equivalent free surface has been extended to determine the seismic horizontal pullout capacity of shallow vertical strip plate anchors buried in sand. The analysis has been done rigorously by using the method of stress characteristics. The results have been expressed in the form of non-dimensional charts. The pullout resistance has been found to reduce quite extensively with increase in the magnitude of horizontal earthquake acceleration. The results were compared with the previously published data, and it was seen that the computed pullout resistance with the proposed method was found to be lowest. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.