HPS在IBM高性能计算机系统中的应用

IBM高性能计算机系统承担着中国气象局(CMA)主要气象业务科研模式运行任务,内部的网络主要采用速度为100 bps的以太网络和IBM的高性能交换机(HPS)网络,其中主要的数据交换是通过HPS来实现的。该文主要介绍IBM Switch的发展历史和主要技术特点,硬件连接和拓扑结构,并根据在CMA的实际配置情况,阐述了如何对它进行配置、实际连接情况以及主要配置信息,同时从日常维护的角度介绍了两种管理方法、日志文件查找和基本故障诊断方法,并对HPS在2005年的故障情况进行了统计分析。     

西南区域气象中心IBM 高性能计算机管理及应用

为了满足西南区域气象中心数值模式对高性能计算资源的需求,四川省气象局建设了IBM Flex P460高性能计算机系统,该系统为西南区域气象中心数值预报系统的业务运行和研发提供了稳定可靠的高性能计算和存储资源,同时带动区域中心其他省份的计算能力和资料共享质的飞跃。本文首先介绍了系统架构和管理方法,然后将系统扩容过程进行了详细分析,最后介绍了业务模式应用情况。      

华云神箭高性能集群计算机系统

陕西省气象局引进的华云神箭高性能集群计算机系统于2003年6月在省气象台正式投入业务运行，其数值预报产品从2003年10月起在全省的精细化预报中发挥着重要作用。1系统介绍 1．1系统结构及业务信息流程 1．1．1系统结构华云神箭高性能集群计算机系统由HYSJ-100高性能计算机、业务处理服务器、NAS服务器、安全网卡、百兆交换机、千兆交换机、UPS电源等组成。HYSJ-100高性能计算机简称并行计算机，系统并行计算机有9个节点，其中8个节点用于计算，1个节点用于服务和计算节点备用并通过双网络将它们连接起来。业务处理服务器，安装有业务化管理软件(华云神箭高性能数值天气预报业务系统)和结果分析软件(华云神箭用户分析应用软件)。     

气象科研应用系统中的计算机故障检测

气象科学研究领域的计算机系统应用,显著有别于气象业务和自动化办公。其突出特点是电源启动频繁、故障率高、故障范围广、故障定位难等。该文的目的在于探讨故障判断的技术方法并提出了“层次化有效功能检测法”及其应用思路和实例分析。该技术方法适用于气象科研应用系统产生的各种故障,在气象科研等保障工作中解决了大量的实际问题,有较好的效果。     

构建PC-Cluster系统实现精细数值模式业务运行

介绍了应用微机等设备构建PC-Cluster硬件系统以及完全应用免费开放软件配置PC-Cluster软件系统的方法,并以MM5并行模式为例,概述了并行模式在PC-Cluster系统的调试、运行技术。通过试验分析了PC-Cluster系统的性能后认为,PC-Cluster是一般用户高性能运算很好的解决方案,对提高我国数值预报业务和科研水平有重要意义。     

我国国家级农业气象产量预报科研业务进展

回顾、总结了近年来我国国家级农业气象产量预报科研和业务方面的主要进展。几年来，在产量序列的分解和产量预测方面有所发展，并逐步开发模拟模式在产量变化分析和预测中的应用。在业务建设方面，不断充实历史资料数据库，加强通讯网络建设，并研制了新一代产量预报业务系统（ＷＡＹＰＳ），业务服务水平有了较大提高。     

高性能计算系统性能评测方法及其应用

为满足国家级气象数值模式业务系统对高性能计算资源不断增长的需求,提供规模更大、性能更优的高性能计算支撑平台,在高性能计算系统引进工作中开展了基于气象数值模式应用的高性能计算系统性能评测技术研究。该文将行业标准与实际业务应用相结合,设计了高性能计算系统性能评测方案,建立了中国气象局气象行业高性能计算系统性能评测模型。共选取10个测试程序,分别对单节点性能、网络性能和加速比等8个指标进行了测试和量化评分,并对主要测试结果中具有代表性的气象要素场进行了物理意义合理性检查。评测结果表明:评测方案设计合理,评测模型研究取得较好效果,保障了高性能计算系统引进工作顺利完成。     

GPFS文件系统原理和模式IO优化方法

GPFS(通用并行文件系统)普遍应用于IBM大规模集群系统中,能够为并行应用程序提供高性能的I/O存取访问。该文介绍了GPFS的原理和工作机制,并以安装在国家气象信息中心的IBM高性能计算机系统为试验平台,初步测试了在实际环境中GPFS的应用情况,在应用程序中对文件访问进行性能优化的方式有2种:①由主任务负责全部文件访问,②通过MPI-IO在GPFS中实现并行文件访问。测试结果表明,GPFS可以提供很好的文件访问支持,但要想获得较高的性能,需要在应用程序中进行深入调试。     

基于多普勒雷达传输线路的综合探测业务宽带传输网络系统

充分利用多普勒雷达通信资源，综合通信、网络技术，通过建立观测站局域网系统、改造光缆连接方式以及对雷达计算机系统进行技术改造等技术措施，在未增加线路投入及未影响雷达数据通信情况下建立综合探测业务宽带网络传输系统，通信环境得到了很大的改善，报文传输稳定、方便、快捷。     

BCC_CSM气候系统模式移植优化及其气候模拟验证

为了提高BCC_CSM气候系统模式运行效率,保障业务科研工作的顺利开展,进行BCC_CSM气候系统模式在IBM高性能计算系统的移植工作;通过性能优化使BCC_CSM模式运行效率显著提高,通过气候要素形势场分布和相对误差量化指标对BCC_CSM气候系统模式模拟性能进行验证。结果表明：移植优化后,BCC_CSM气候系统模式计算效率提高为原来的1.4倍;基于CMIP5 piControl试验,完成531-540年10 a的气候模拟,年平均地表气温形势场分布合理,相对误差小于0.5%,BCC_CSM气候系统模式计算和模拟性能均能满足应用需求。     

COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF VARIOUS DATA OF AIR–SEA TEMPERATURE DIFFERENCE AND ITS VARIATION ACROSS SOUTH CHINA SEA IN THE PAST 35 YEARS

Using the International Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set(ICOADS) and ERA-Interim data, spatial distributions of air-sea temperature difference(ASTD) in the South China Sea(SCS) for the past 35 years are compared,and variations of spatial and temporal distributions of ASTD in this region are addressed using empirical orthogonal function decomposition and wavelet analysis methods. The results indicate that both ICOADS and ERA-Interim data can reflect actual distribution characteristics of ASTD in the SCS, but values of ASTD from the ERA-Interim data are smaller than those of the ICOADS data in the same region. In addition, the ASTD characteristics from the ERA-Interim data are not obvious inshore. A seesaw-type, north-south distribution of ASTD is dominant in the SCS; i.e., a positive peak in the south is associated with a negative peak in the north in November, and a negative peak in the south is accompanied by a positive peak in the north during April and May. Interannual ASTD variations in summer or autumn are decreasing. There is a seesaw-type distribution of ASTD between Beibu Bay and most of the SCS in summer, and the center of large values is in the Nansha Islands area in autumn. The ASTD in the SCS has a strong quasi-3a oscillation period in all seasons, and a quasi-11 a period in winter and spring. The ASTD is positively correlated with the Nio3.4 index in summer and autumn but negatively correlated in spring and winter.     

Could the Recent Taal Volcano Eruption Trigger an El Ni?o and Lead to Eurasian Warming?

<正>The Taal Volcano in Luzon is one of the most active and dangerous volcanoes of the Philippines. A recent eruption occurred on 12 January 2020(Fig. 1a), and this volcano is still active with the occurrence of volcanic earthquakes. The eruption has become a deep concern worldwide, not only for its damage on local society, but also for potential hazardous consequences on the Earth’s climate and environment.     

VARIABILITY OF INTER-ANNUAL RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN INDIAN OCEAN DIPOLE AND HUAXI REGION’S AUTUMN PRECIPITATION

The moving-window correlation analysis was applied to investigate the relationship between autumn Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) events and the synchronous autumn precipitation in Huaxi region, based on the daily precipitation, sea surface temperature (SST) and atmospheric circulation data from 1960 to 2012. The correlation curves of IOD and the early modulation of Huaxi region’s autumn precipitation indicated a mutational site appeared in the 1970s. During 1960 to 1979, when the IOD was in positive phase in autumn, the circulations changed from a “W” shape to an ”M” shape at 500 hPa in Asia middle-high latitude region. Cold flux got into the Sichuan province with Northwest flow, the positive anomaly of the water vapor flux transported from Western Pacific to Huaxi region strengthened, caused precipitation increase in east Huaxi region. During 1980 to 1999, when the IOD in autumn was positive phase, the atmospheric circulation presented a “W” shape at 500 hPa, the positive anomaly of the water vapor flux transported from Bay of Bengal to Huaxi region strengthened, caused precipitation ascend in west Huaxi region. In summary, the Indian Ocean changed from cold phase to warm phase since the 1970s, caused the instability of the inter-annual relationship between the IOD and the autumn rainfall in Huaxi region.     

IMPACT OF ATMOSPHERIC LOW-FREQUENCY OSCILLATION ON THE IMMIGRATION OF NILAPARVATA LUGENS(STL) IN HUNAN AND JIANGXI PROVINCES

Various features of the atmospheric environment affect the number of migratory insects, besides their initial population. However, little is known about the impact of atmospheric low-frequency oscillation(10 to 90 days) on insect migration. A case study was conducted to ascertain the influence of low-frequency atmospheric oscillation on the immigration of brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens(Stl), in Hunan and Jiangxi provinces. The results showed the following:(1) The number of immigrating N. lugens from April to June of 2007 through 2016 mainly exhibited a periodic oscillation of 10 to 20 days.(2) The 10-20 d low-frequency number of immigrating N. lugens was significantly correlated with a low-frequency wind field and a geopotential height field at 850 h Pa.(3) During the peak phase of immigration, southwest or south winds served as a driving force and carried N. lugens populations northward, and when in the back of the trough and the front of the ridge, the downward airflow created a favorable condition for N. lugens to land in the study area. In conclusion, the northward migration of N. lugens was influenced by a low-frequency atmospheric circulation based on the analysis of dynamics. This study was the first research connecting atmospheric low-frequency oscillation to insect migration.     

A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC CONDITIONS BEFORE THE OCCURRENCE OF TWO TYPES OF EL NIO EVENTS

The atmospheric and oceanic conditions before the onset of EP El Ni?o and CP El Ni?o in nearly 30 years are compared and analyzed by using 850 hPa wind, 20℃ isotherm depth, sea surface temperature and the Wheeler and Hendon index. The results are as follows: In the western equatorial Pacific, the occurrence of the anomalously strong westerly winds of the EP El Ni?o is earlier than that of the CP El Ni?o. Its intensity is far stronger than that of the CP El Ni?o. Two months before the El Ni?o, the anomaly westerly winds of the EP El Ni?o have extended to the eastern Pacific region, while the westerly wind anomaly of the CP El Ni?o can only extend to the west of the dateline three months before the El Ni?o and later stay there. Unlike the EP El Ni?o, the CP El Ni?o is always associated with easterly wind anomaly in the eastern equatorial Pacific before its onset. The thermocline depth anomaly of the EP El Ni?o can significantly move eastward and deepen. In addition, we also find that the evolution of thermocline is ahead of the development of the sea surface temperature for the EP El Ni?o. The strong MJO activity of the EP El Ni?o in the western and central Pacific is earlier than that of the CP El Ni?o. Measured by the standard deviation of the zonal wind square, the intensity of MJO activity of the EP El Ni?o is significantly greater than that of the CP El Ni?o before the onset of El Ni?o.     

全球贸易隐含碳变化及其影响分析

基于最新的GTAP8 (Global Trade Analysis Project）数据库,使用投入产出法,分析了2004年到2007年全球贸易变化下南北集团贸易隐含碳变化及对全球碳排放的影响。结果显示,随着发展中国家进出口规模扩张,全球贸易隐含碳流向的重心逐渐向发展中国家转移。2004年到2007年,发达国家高端设备制造业和服务业出口以及发展中国家资源、能源密集型行业及中低端制造业出口的趋势加强,该过程的生产转移导致全球碳排放增长4.15亿t,占研究时段全球贸易隐含碳增量的63%。未来发展中国家的出口隐含碳比重还将进一步提高。贸易变化带来的南北集团隐含碳流动变化对全球应对气候变化行动的影响日益突出,发达国家对此负有重要责任。     

Analysis of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Height Characteristics over the Arctic Ocean Using the Aircraft and GPS Soundings

正ERRATUM to: Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters, 4(2011), 124-130 On page 126 of the printed edition (Issue 2, Volume 4), Fig. 2 was a wrong figure because the contact author made mistake giving the wrong one. The corrected edition has been updated on our website. The editorial office is sincerely sorry for any     

Index to Vol.31

正AN Junling;see LI Ying et al.;(5),1221—1232AN Junling;see QU Yu et al.;(4),787-800AN Junling;see WANG Feng et al.;(6),1331-1342Ania POLOMSKA-HARLICK;see Jieshun ZHU et al.;(4),743-754Baek-Min KIM;see Seong-Joong KIM et al.;(4),863-878BAI Tao;see LI Gang et al.;(1),66-84BAO Qing;see YANG Jing et al.;(5),1147—1156BEI Naifang;     

Information for Contributors

正Journal of Meteorological Research is an international academic journal in atmospheric sciences edited and published by Acta Meteorologica Sinica Press,sponsored by the Chinese Meteorological Society.It has been acting as a bridge of academic exchange between Chinese and foreign meteorologists and aiming at introduction of the current advancements in atmospheric sciences in China.The journal columns include Articles.Note and Correspondence,and research letters.Contributions from all over the world are welcome.