长周期潮汐与全球地震能量释放

采用1850-2012年期间USGS全球M≥5.0地震目录资料,构成全球地震能量-时间序列,进行小波变换和准周期分析. 结果表明,全球地震能量释放的时间序列存在9年、19年和45年的3个准周期,其中,45年准周期最为突出. 结合起潮力周期的物理背景,对长周期潮汐起潮力与地震能量释放准周期的关系进行了探讨,没有发现全球地震活动的能量释放与潮汐短周期相关的准周期.     

地震潮汐触发

地震潮汐触发是指由潮汐引起的应力变化而触发地震的现象,对地震潮汐触发的研究可能为断层错动引发地震的条件提供有价值的线索,一直受到国内外研究者的关注,本文对相关研究方法和研究结果进行了简要介绍和评述。在早期,地震潮汐触发研究主要是在地震活动中寻找潮汐周期。随着研究的深入,运用统计检验方法对地震活动与潮汐之间的相关性进行严格检验。时至今日,地震是否被潮汐触发的问题仍然悬而未决。不过,有研究结果表明,在强震发生前数年,震源区地震活动往往受到潮汐触发,如果这个结果被证实,将为地震预测研究提供新的线索。      

地震潮汐触发

地震潮汐触发是指由潮汐引起的应力变化而触发地震的现象,对地震潮汐触发的研究可能为断层错动引发地震的条件提供有价值的线索,一直受到国内外研究者的关注,本文对相关研究方法和研究结果进行了简要介绍和评述。在早期,地震潮汐触发研究主要是在地震活动中寻找潮汐周期。随着研究的深入,运用统计检验方法对地震活动与潮汐之间的相关性进行严格检验。时至今日,地震是否被潮汐触发的问题仍然悬而未决。不过,有研究结果表明,在强震发生前数年,震源区地震活动往往受到潮汐触发,如果这个结果被证实,将为地震预测研究提供新的线索。     

大地震的18.6年周期

将全球分为15个研究区,用1900~2009年M_W≥7.0地震目录,统计分析了各区大地震与月球交点运动周期的关系,得出15个研究区中有10个区,大地震存在统计意义上的18.6 a周期:活跃段为12.4 a,平静段为6.2 a;环太平洋地震带北、南、西、东4大区的大地震,不仅有这样的周期,而且其地震活跃段的时间存在一定规律.用第6个18.6 a(1991~2009年)期间的大地震,检验据前5个18.6 a(1900~1990年)地震目录所得18.6 a 周期的稳定性和实用性,发现有这种周期的地区多数的周期性是稳定的.大地震18.6 a周期的可能成因有: (1)18.6 a潮波通过调制日潮和半日潮调制大地震; (2)上地幔内流体的潮汐(地内潮)作用; (3)18.6 a潮波通过影响地球自转变化调制大地震.     

潮汐应力对2007年M_s6.4宁洱地震震源断层成核失稳过程的影响

在潮汐库仑破裂应力计算和相关性检验的基础上,采用速率-状态依赖性摩擦本构关系,进行潮汐应力对宁洱地震震源断层成核失稳过程影响的数值模拟研究,并讨论潮汐正应力和潮汐剪应力在潮汐应力触发中的作用,以及应力的振幅和周期振荡性对潮汐触发的影响.结果发现,宁洱地震与潮汐应力之间存在潮汐触发相关性.宁洱地震震源断层的成核过程存在一个转变周期,当潮汐应力周期接近和大于转变周期时,潮汐应力的周期性将直接影响潮汐触发作用的效果.潮汐应力振幅值的增加也有助于潮汐应力对断层地震成核失稳过程的影响,正应力和剪应力振幅值的影响效果差别不大,但是潮汐剪应力比正应力能更迅速的起到潮汐触发作用.潮汐应力触发地震的过程中,主要是正值的潮汐正应力和剪应力对地震起到触发作用,而负值的潮汐应力对断层的影响小于正值的潮汐应力,断层对负的潮汐应力不敏感.     

南北地震带潮汐触发地震的统计学证据

自19世纪90年代以来,潮汐是否会触发地震这个问题一直备受关注.本研究选用1970年1月1日至2017年5月31日期间南北地震带(20°N—40°N,97°E—105°E)M_L≥2.0地震目录资料,通过测量南北地震带地区地震事件与潮汐的相关性来研究潮汐是否能触发地震.选用完备性检测、G-C法、R/S分析方法对原始地震目录进行预处理,分别构成未去除余震和去除余震每日地震数量时间序列,利用经验模态分解和快速傅里叶方法,对比分析了潮汐与每日地震数量构成的时间序列频谱特征.结果表明,在本文研究区域,两种每日地震数量时间序列均与潮汐的月潮周期、半月潮周期存在相关性,并且去除余震后的每日地震时间序列的优势频率更加集中,表现的相关性更好.此外,Schuster’s测试结果也进一步证明,研究区域地震活动性与固体潮汐存在显著统计相关性.     

2020年西藏波密ML4.9震群活动的潮汐触发特征

2020年7-8月,西藏波密发生显著震群,震群包含25次ML≥4.0地震,最大为7月19日ML4.9地震.震群部分相邻地震具有约24h或12h的时间间隔,这意味着波密震群地震活动可能受不同周期潮汐变化的影响.针对其中20次有震源机制结果的ML≥4.0地震,分别计算地震前后震源机制解在2个节面上的潮汐正应力、剪应力和库仑...     

印尼Mw9.0地震的短临地电波(声波:潮汐力谐振共振波,HRT波)波动前兆——HRT波法进行短临地震准确预测可能性的探讨

新研制的抗干扰高精度PS100大地电测仪器系统,在中国川滇地区的台站上记录到印尼MW9.0海啸地震的地电前兆。本文将分析论证地电前兆的波动特性,特别是其传播规律。在印尼地震前约3个月开始出现周期等于潮汐力周期(如MSf、K1、M2等)、振幅异常增大的地电潮汐力谐振波(Harmonie waves driven by tidal frces,简称HT波);地震前2天(北京时2004年12月24日10时)出现地电潮汐力共振波(Resonancewaves driven by tidal frces,简称RT波)。RT波有纵波和横波,初步确定纵波速度Vl≈307 km/h;横波速度Vt≈126 km/h,是一种在地壳多孔岩石孔隙流体中传播的声波。其固有振动周期T0=4~5 h;其振幅很大达2.9%(超出观测标准偏差17倍),异常极为显著;峰值异常尖锐,Q≈8.3。与地震同时从震源发出的RT波为断层破裂所激发,故推断地震前2天所出现的RT波系MW9.0地震震源区断层前期破裂所致。在可预见的将来,根据震前RT波出现的时间,台站所记纵、横波的到时差及T0,对强震在震前1~3天定量预测其三要素(如果有一布设合理的PS100台网)是可能的。     

潮汐韵律层的研究进展及其天文地质意义

潮汐沉积物记录着一系列的潮汐周期。本文简要介绍了几种主要的现代潮汐周期，在此基础上回顾了最近十余年来国外对周期性潮汐沉积物，特别是潮汐韵律层的研究进展，系统介绍了几种从古代沉积物中识别出来的潮汐周期，包括基本潮汐（半日潮、全日潮和混合潮），大－小潮周期以及一些长期周波动等。最后对潮汐韵律层在推测地史时期地－月系的演化历史中的意义作了评述。     

强潮汐激发地震火山活动的新证据

强潮汐与火山地震活动密切相关. 天文资料表明, 2000年6月到8月日本Izu半岛最活跃的火山地震活动正好处于天文大潮时期和日长变化最小值时期. 在厄尔尼诺事件和拉尼娜事件发生前后,东西太平洋海面高度分别升降40cm, 水均衡作用使洋壳反向升降13cm. 由此形成的东西太平洋地壳跷跷板运动加强了强潮汐对地震火山活动的激发作用.     

A Monte Carlo study of rainfall forecasting with a stochastic model

A procedure for short-term rainfall forecasting in real-time is developed and a study of the role of sampling on forecast ability is conducted. Ground level rainfall fields are forecasted using a stochastic space-time rainfall model in state-space form. Updating of the rainfall field in real-time is accomplished using a distributed parameter Kalman filter to optimally combine measurement information and forecast model estimates. The influence of sampling density on forecast accuracy is evaluated using a series of a simulated rainfall events generated with the same stochastic rainfall model. Sampling was conducted at five different network spatial densities. The results quantify the influence of sampling network density on real-time rainfall field forecasting. Statistical analyses of the rainfall field residuals illustrate improvement in one hour lead time forecasts at higher measurement densities.     

Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration Aims And Scope

正This journal is established by the Institute of Engineering Mechanics(IEM),China Earthquake Administration,to promote scientific exchange between Chinese and foreign scientists and engineers so as to improve the theory and practice of earthquake hazards mitigation,preparedness,and recovery.To accomplish this purpose,the journal aims to attract a balanced number of papers between Chinese and     

Foreword

Destructive earthquakes have caused great damage in China and the United States and collapsing buildings havecaused many deaths and injuries. The field of earthquake engineering studies earthquake hazards, the occurrence ofearthquakes of various magnitudes, the nature of the ground shaking during an earthquake, the vibration of structuresduring earthquakes, the strengthening of existing structures and the design of new structures to be earthquake resistant,and finally, how to cope with earthquake damage and restore a city to normal functioning. Such efforts are in progressin both countries, but unfortunately, the language barrier interferes with the free flow of information between China andthe Untied States. It would be mutually beneficial if some means could be developed to promote the exchangeof information across the Pacific Ocean. This new journal has been established for this purpose and its success willbe an important step in promoting earthquake engineering in China and the United States.     

WORLD ASSOCIATION FOR SEDIMENTATION AND EROSION RESEARCH(WASER)

正President:Giampaolo Di Silvio,Italy Vice Presidents:Ulrich C.E.Zanke,Germany Zhao-yin Wang,China The World Association for Sedimentation and Erosion Research(WASER),inaugurated on Oct.19,2004,is an independent non-governmental,non-profit organization.The mission of WASER is to promote international co-operation on the study     

Enhancing remote sensing research on global change to improve our understanding on Earth system processes

正Global Change includes climate change and other environmental changes caused by the joint interaction among various layers of Earth. From the positive side, global change provides new opportunities to human and other living forms on Earth. In the meantime, it creates tremendous challenges and negative impact. At present, the negative impacts have reached all primary processes of the global ecosystem and every aspect of human society, especially causing degradation of the ecosystem. For instance, intensive deforestation causes decline of biodiversity; global warming causes sea level rise and increases     

Dissolved Carbohydrate Concentration,Composition, and Bioavailability to Microbial Heterotrophs in Stream Water

Dissolved total carbohydrates (DTCH), dissolved free monosaccharides (DFMS), dissolved organic carbon (DOC), biodegradable DOC (BDOC), and humic substances (HS) were measured in White Clay Creek (WCC), a stream in southeastern Pennsylvania Piedmont, USA. Samples were collected over different seasons and under baseflow and stormflow conditions. DOC concentrations ranged from 1.0 to 12.8 mg/L C with the highest concentrations associated with stormflows. Carbohydrates ranged from 0.42 to 12.4 μM and accounted for 2.9 to 12.7% of the DOC. Humic substances represented the major DOC fraction, accounting for 55 to 72% of the DOC pool under all flow conditions. The humic fraction had a lower carbohydrate content (4.4%) than the non-humic fraction of DOC (7.2%). Stormflow DOC was enriched in carbohydrates relative to baseflow DOC, but the percentage of humic-C changed little. Carbohydrates were primarily present as dissolved polysaccharides (55%), but a significant fraction was bound to humic substances (40%), while a small proportion was present as monosaccharides (5%). The major monosaccharides in stream water, listed in order of decreasing concentration, included glucose, galactose, rhamnose, xylose, arabinose, mannose, and fucose. On average (30.6 ± 7.4)% (n = 44) of the stream water DOC was biodegradable, and carbohydrates accounted for 9.9 to 17.7% of the BDOC.