郯庐断裂带北段构造样式解析

郯庐断裂带(郯城—庐江断裂带)北段在中—新生代发生多期不同性质活动,形成各具特色的构造样式.各种构造样式和地层间切割或覆盖关系的匹配研究,为限定断裂带活动期次及时代,建立郯庐断裂带北段变形序列提供了第一手资料.不同构造样式反映了断裂带由老至新经历了以下5个重要的变形事件:①密山县知—镇韧性剪切带黑云母40 Ar/39 ...     

The 2011 submarine volcanic eruption in El Hierro (Canary Islands)

Forty years after the Teneguía Volcano (La Palma, 1971), a submarine eruption took place off the town of La Restinga, south of El Hierro, the smallest and youngest island of the Canarian Archipelago. Precursors allowed an early detection of the event and its approximate location, suggesting it was submarine. Uncertainties derived from insufficient scientific information available to the authorities during the eruption, leading to disproportionate civil protection measures, which had an impact on the island's economy—based primarily on tourism—while residents experienced extra fear and distress.     

辽东-吉南地区硼矿床地质特征及成矿远景

产于辽东-吉南地区裂谷盆地中的古元古界辽河群里尔峪组为一套含硼岩系。其中划分的上、中、下三个含硼岩系分别赋存硼镁石-遂安石型、含磁铁矿-硼镁石型和硼镁铁矿型三类硼矿床。硼矿的发育与地层、围岩物质成分、围岩厚度及电气变粒岩等均有一定关系。通过分析研究,划分出营口后仙峪外围、风城和宽甸3个成矿远景区。并圈定出后仙峪硼矿外围、凤城县东汤镇西山、宽甸牛皮闸—大西岔、集安太平沟—小西沟、宽甸县老阳沟等4个找矿靶区。     

Landslide susceptibility analysis using probabilistic likelihood ratio model—a geospatial-based study

The crucial and difficult task in landslide susceptibility analysis is estimating the probability of occurrence of future landslides in a study area under a specific set of geomorphic and topographic conditions. This task is addressed with a data-driven probabilistic model using likelihood ratio or frequency ratio and is applied to assess the occurrence of landslides in the Tevankarai Ar sub-watershed, Kodaikkanal, South India. The landslides in the study area are triggered by heavy rainfall. Landslide-related factors—relief, slope, aspect, plan curvature, profile curvature, land use, soil, and topographic wetness index proximity to roads and proximity to lineaments—are considered for the study. A geospatial database of the related landslide factors is constructed using Arcmap in GIS environment. Landslide inventory of the area is produced by detailed field investigation and analysis of the topographical maps. The results are validated using temporal data of known landslide locations. The area under the curve shows that the accuracy of the model is 85.83%. In the reclassified final landslide susceptibility map, 14.48% of the area is critical in nature, falling under the very high hazard zone, and 67.86% of the total validation dataset landslides fall in this zone. This landslide susceptibility map is a vital tool for town planning, land use, and land cover planning and to reduce risks caused by landslides.     

玉树Ms7.1地震灾区灾后重建工程地质与水文地质条件分区评价

研究玉树地震灾区4县27乡镇的灾后重建工程地质与水文地质条件,选定了地形地貌、地层岩性、水文地质条件、场地地震烈度4个因素作为评价分区指标,构建了单因素指标评价准则,并利用层次分析方法确定了各因素的权重。在此基础上,结合模糊数学理论与方法,分别给出了基于自然单元、乡镇以及各乡镇工程建设用地、特别是极重灾区结古镇镇址的工程地质与水文地质评价结果。结果表明,除奔达乡、真达乡、洛须镇、正科乡、尕多乡等5乡镇所在地分布在工程地质条件较差和极差区,不具备重建工程地质与水文地质条件外,其余各乡镇所在地均处于工程地质较好和良好区,具备重建工程地质及水文地质条件。结古镇原镇址85%的建筑用地分布在工程地质与水文地质条件比较好的地区,只有零星的建筑用地分布在工程地质与水文地质条件较差和极差区,活动断裂穿越,距离地质灾害易发地较近,重建时要注意避让。     

Social capital as a shield against anxiety among displaced residents from Fukushima

The March 2011 meltdowns at the Fukushima nuclear power plants in Japan resulted in an increased risk of psychological distress among affected residents. We conducted original surveys of Futaba residents, a town in Fukushima where all of the residents were forced to evacuate from their homes due to radioactive contamination, obtaining 585 responses (a response rate of about 20%). Using this original data set, we investigate the role of social capital in maintaining mental health among the residents. First, we found the level of stress captured by the Kessler index (K6) to be unusually high compared both with people across Japan and with those who were displaced because of the earthquake and/or tsunami (but not the nuclear catastrophe). However, having high levels of social capital—captured by the number of neighbors from Futaba after displacement, participation in volunteer work after displacement, and participation in tea parties after displacement—plays an important role in reducing anxiety and distress among Futaba residents. Finally, we provide concrete recommendations for policy makers and NGOs to increase resilience among affected residents by strengthening social ties.     

Quantitative analysis of consequences to masonry buildings interacting with slow-moving landslide mechanisms: a case study

Quantitative analysis of consequences (in terms of expected monetary losses) induced by slow-moving landslide mechanisms to buildings or infrastructure networks is a key step in the landslide risk management framework. It can influence risk mitigation policies as well as help authorities in charge of land management in addressing/prioritizing interventions or restoration works. This kind of analysis generally requires multidisciplinary approaches, which cannot disregard a thorough knowledge of landslide mechanisms, and rich datasets that are seldom available as testified by the limited number of examples in the scientific literature. With reference to the well-documented case study of Lungro town (Calabria region, southern Italy)—severely affected by slow-moving landslides of different types—the present paper proposes and implements a multi-step procedure for monetary loss forecasting associated with different landslide kinematic/damage scenarios. Procedures to typify landslide mechanisms and physical vulnerability analysis, previously tested in the same area, are here appropriately merged to derive both kinematic and damage scenarios to the exposed buildings. Then, the outcomes are combined with economic data in order to forecast monetary loss at municipal scale. The proposed method and the obtained results, once further validated, could stand as reference case for other urban areas in similar geo-environmental contexts in order to derive useful information on expected direct consequences unless slow-moving landslide risk mitigation measures are taken.     

MINERALOGY AND GEOCHEMISTRY OF ULTRAMAFIC ROCKS FROM THE INDUS SUTURE OPHIOLITE IN SWAT, NW PAKISTAN

MINERALOGY AND GEOCHEMISTRY OF ULTRAMAFIC ROCKS FROM THE INDUS SUTURE OPHIOLITE IN SWAT, NW PAKISTAN1　BeccaluvaL ,MacciottaG ,PiccardoGB ,etal.PetrologyoflherzoliticrocksfromthenorthernApennineophiolites[J] .Lithos,1984 ,17:2 99～ 316 . 2　HartmannG ,WedepohlKH .ThecompositionofperidotitetectonitesfromtheIvreacomplex ,northernItaly:residuesfrommeltextraction[J] .GeochimCosmochActa ,1993,57:176 1～ 1782 . 3　JaquesAL ,ChappellBW .Petrologya…     

Comparative analysis of bacterial contamination in tap and groundwater: A case study on water quality of Quetta City,an arid zone in Pakistan

Water is an essential element on earth, which provides human a variety of services in domestic use, agriculture, or industries. However, some serious health risks of drinking water are associated with microbial contamination, particularly with fecal matter. Therefore, microbial quality assessment is considered to be a necessary component of water quality assessment. This study investigates microbial contamination of water distributary system around the city by comparing groundwater (GW) and tap water (TW) quality in Quetta city. 31 GW samples and 31 TW samples were collected in the study area during the months of September, October, and November. Fecal coliform test was carried out in laboratory and their average total coliform contamination was computed. Results showed that the TW sample were all contaminated by coliform except for Chiltan town, hence are not considered suitable for drinking without any treatment according to WHO drinking water quality standards. The average coliform concentrations were 12 in Quetta main city, 11.6 in Jinnah town, 5.3 in Satallite town, 10 in Shahbaz town and 5 in Brewery town (0/100 mL CFU) and the TW samples from the three towns were even more contaminated with E.coli. Whereas among the GW, average microbial concentrations were 1.8 in Quetta main city, 2 in Satallite town, 1.4 in Shahbaz town, and 0.4 in Chiltan town (0/100 mL CFU), respectively, which shows that the contamination is occurring within the water distributary pipeline system when the water flows through the pipelines. Moreover, this research will be valuable for researchers and administrative authorities to conduct elaborative studies, and develop new policies to prevent further deterioration of drinking water in the water distribution system by pathogenic microorganisms and ensure safe drinking water to the public of Quetta city.     

肥城市岩溶水水化学特征及形成机制

系统分析地下水长期实测数据,并综合运用数理统计方法、水文地质学、水文地球化学的基本理论,探讨了肥城市水化学特征及其时空分布规律、水化学特征形成机制及水文地球化学过程。结果表明:肥城市地下水水化学类型主要为HCO3·SO4—Ca·Mg型,部分为HCO3·SO4·Cl—Ca·Mg型和HCO3·Cl—Ca·Mg型,主要阴离子由HCO3-向SO42-和Cl-偏移,总溶解固体(TDS)及总硬度呈明显增大趋势;地下水多数离子浓度从补给区经径流区到排泄区越来越高;方解石和石膏的溶滤作用是研究区内地下水水化学成分变化的主要影响因素,同时存在部分的盐岩溶解及阳离子交替吸附作用,而人类活动也是不可忽视的重要影响因素。      

Discussion of “Permian—Triassic vertebrate footprints from South Africa: Ichnotaxonomy,producers and biostratigraphy through two major faunal crises” by Marchetti,L., Klein,H., Buchwitz,M., Ronchi,A., Smith,R.M.H., DeKlerk,W.J., Sciscio,L., and Groenewald,G.H. (2019)

A newly devised tripartite subdivision of the Karoo Basin, South Africa, is based on a number of vertebrate-trackways spanning the Middle Permian (Wordian/Capitanian) to Lower Triassic (reportedly Induan) rocks of the Beaufort Formation. The youngest Footprint Assemblage (FA III) is reported to occur in the lowermost Triassic rocks of the Palingkloof Member. One collection site from which seven trackways are reported, Bethel farm, is a classic South African locality where some authors place the end-Permian extinction event and, coincidentally, the vertebrate-based terrestrial Permian—Triassic Boundary. Published GPS coordinates for the Bethel farm site, though, indicate that these trackways originate from exposures of the Burgersdorp Formation near the town of Aliwal North. Outcrops here are assigned to the Cynognathus Assemblage Zone, and indicate a Middle Triassic age assignment. In addition, we caution the use of any small temporally or spatially restricted dataset, which is of severely limited utility, in making broad generalizations about paleoenvironmental or paleoecological interpretations.     

高寒富水地区-西藏那曲镇给水管道的安装及维修

西藏那曲镇是全世界海拔最高、含氧量最稀薄、最后一个安装自来水的地级城市。那曲镇海拔高度为4500m，冻土层深达2．8m，地下水丰富，基础开挖超过lm时就有地下水渗出，且土质多为流沙型，施工时容易引起塌方，施工环境恶劣。本文就那曲镇的具体情况介绍一下给水管道的安装及维修。     

Problems of the New Towns in Japan

The new town in Japan is a sort of dormitory settlement in the metropolitan suburbs. Its main developer is the Japan Housing Corporation, whose representative achievement is the Tama New Town. The settlement is, however, too narrow, too expensive and too far away from the places of employment for the inhabitants to feel themselves as members of the community. The new town is a settlement of transients, which generates the condition of many commuting to the city without solving the problems of excessive urban growth. We should make a further inquiry into the new town as a contemporary type of urban settlement in this country.     

石英尾砂对旱地表土磁性的影响及其环境意义

对安徽省凤阳县石英尾砂、受尾砂影响的表土、旱地表土和城镇表土进行了磁学测量,结果表明这4类样品的磁性特征明显不同。尽管这4类样品的磁化率均由磁铁矿主导,但旱地表土中可能含少量磁赤铁矿,石英尾砂、受尾砂影响的表土和城镇表土中可能含少量铁的氢氧化物（如纤铁矿）,受尾砂影响的表土中还含少量赤铁矿。城镇表土中磁铁矿的含量明显高于其他3类样品,受尾砂影响的表土中的磁铁矿含量介于石英尾砂和旱地表土之间。城镇表土中磁铁矿的粒径范围较宽,小于1 μm,石英尾砂中磁铁矿的粒径大于0.1 μm,旱地表土中磁铁矿的粒径小于0.1 μm,受尾砂影响的表土中磁铁矿的粒径介于旱地表土与石英尾砂的粒径之间。城镇表土的磁化率与频率磁化率呈负相关,旱地表土的磁化率与频率磁化率呈正相关,而受石英尾砂影响的表土的磁化率与频率磁化率没有明显的相关关系。在城市工业和交通等人类活动的影响下,城镇表土的磁性较旱地表土增强。而在石英砂生产这一人类活动的影响下,受尾砂影响的表土的磁性较旱地表土减弱,这是由石英尾砂中磁性矿物的含量较旱地表土4的少所致。     

Quantify the landscape effect and environmental sustainability of rural region planning at town scale near metropolis

The urban fringe, which can be seen as a special form of regional ecosystem with a spatial transition from urban to rural areas, has strong heterogeneity and is a typical ecologically sensitive area. The expansion of cities and the landscape effect of the changes have attracted wide attention. The primary aim of this study is to obtain an understanding of the spatial patterns of landscape conversion and the corresponding environmental sustainability. With the help of GIS and Fragstats software, the changes of landscape patterns before and after town planning were compared in An-Ding town of Beijing, of which the sustainability was also revealed based on the ecological footprint using social and economic statistic data. The results showed that the landscape pattern changed greatly during its conversion from several villages to a small town and the landscape fragmentation increased due to road construction. Meanwhile, human disturbance increased with the constructed land extension. For the gap between the ecological footprint and the biological capacity, An-Ding town ran an ecological deficit at that period, which means it was unsustainable. However, the environmental sustainability decreased after planning due to the degraded green land and forest. The results suggested that ecological management should be strengthened during the town planning period.     

Privatization of neighborhood governance in transition economy: a case study of gated community in Phu My Hung new town,Ho Chi Minh City,Vietnam

Literature on common-interest development (CID) in housing, most common in the form of gated communities, has been based largely on the US’s experience, where the interpretation has centered on the interaction between three actors (local government, private developer, and homeowner association) and barely focused on the privatization of neighborhood governance in transition economies. This paper, through a case study of gated community in Phu My Hung new town shows that Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam—in the context of transition from centrally-planned to market-based economy—has been witnessing this privatized phenomenon of neighborhood governance. It employs both primary data, collected through observation and key informant interview, and secondary data to explain the contextual factors for the rise of gated communities in the city and find out the mechanism of neighborhood governance. In the city, housing privatization reforms, influx of foreign direct investment, and the formation of urban middle class have constituted the supply- and demand-side factors for the rise of gated communities. In addition, the reforms towards grassroots participation created a favorable environment for a privatization of neighborhood governance in which the private developer plays a dominant role in partnership with local government and homeowner association. To a certain extent, this privatization is similar to the case of US’s gated communities, however, it does not threaten the public authority and instead maintains a good collaboration between these three actors. This is an indigenous innovation of gated communities in Vietnam due to its socio-economic conditions and political context.     

四川康定城地质环境条件基础性分区评价

以康定城为例提出了城市地质环境条件基础性分区评价的新方法。在对评价因子充分论证的基础上,对康定城地质环境条件基础性进行了分区评价,评价结果可为康定城市规划和地质灾害防治提供基础科学依据。     

The Maasai Herbalists in Arusha Town, Tanzania

This paper presents the findings of a case-study carried out on the Maasai herbalists of Arusha town, whose social and economic situation, both in their villages of origin and in town is being analysed. Special emphasis is laid on the struggle of women herbalists to upgrade their low economic and social status in their home villages and, at the same time, satisfy their most basic needs in town. In this, they depend on their asset of indigenous ethnomedical knowledge, which they commercialise. They do not consider themselves professional experts among their own people, but they become ones when they are in town. A major aim of this paper is also to illustrate the wealth of indigenous knowledge concerning the biodiversity of people's environment. A survey of the medical plants most frequently sold by the herbalists is presented with the intention of identifying those species which are endangered, although the herbalists themselves do not yet perceive the seriousness of the situation. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

The Town Effect: Dynamic Interaction between a Group of Structures and Waves in the Ground

In a conventional approach, the mechanical behaviour of a structure subjected to seismic or blast waves is treated separately from its surroundings, and in many cases, the dynamic coupling effect between multiple structures and the waves propagating in the ground is disregarded. However, if many structures are built densely in a developed urban area, this dynamic interaction may not become negligible. The first purpose of this contribution is to briefly show the effect of multiple interactions between waves and surface buildings in a town. The analysis is based on a recently developed, fully coupled, rigorous mathematical study, and for simplicity, each building in the town is represented by a rigid foundation, a mass at the top and an elastic spring that connects the foundation and mass. The buildings stand at regular spatial intervals on a linear elastic half-space and are subjected to two-dimensional anti-plane vibrations. It is found that the buildings in this model significantly interact with each other through the elastic ground, and the resonant (eigen) frequencies of the collective system (buildings or town) become lower than that of a single building with the same rigid foundation. This phenomenon may be called the “town effect” or “city effect.” Then, second, it is shown that the actual, unique structural damage pattern caused by the 1976 Friuli, Italy, earthquake may better be explained by this “town effect,” rather than by investigating the seismic performance of each damaged building individually. The results suggest that it may also be possible to evaluate the physical characteristics of incident seismic/blast waves “inversely” from the damage patterns induced to structures by the waves.     

江油市青莲镇规划应急水源地分析与评价

涪江作为江油市重要饮用水来源,在遭受上游水污染发生后,需要及时更换应急水源地供水,结合流域特点,选址青莲镇作为江油市应急水源地。通过调查研究青莲镇地下水资源量,全面研究了该地区地下水补给量、储存量和消耗量,并采集水源地水样进行实验分析,获取水源地水化学特征,研究结果显示青莲镇地下水水量、水质满足江油市应急水源地要求,最后利用层次分析法对江油市应急水源地进行了适宜性评价。