1DTempPro: Analyzing Temperature Profiles for Groundwater/Surface‐water Exchange

A new computer program, 1DTempPro, is presented for the analysis of vertical one‐dimensional (1D) temperature profiles under saturated flow conditions. 1DTempPro is a graphical user interface to the U.S. Geological Survey code Variably Saturated 2‐Dimensional Heat Transport (VS2DH), which numerically solves the flow and heat‐transport equations. Pre‐ and postprocessor features allow the user to calibrate VS2DH models to estimate vertical groundwater/surface‐water exchange and also hydraulic conductivity for cases where hydraulic head is known.     

A procedure for automated analysis of brief pumping tests of domestic wells

A new computer program has been developed to automate analysis of brief single-well pumping tests. Adapted from a procedure developed by Picking (1994) that does not require measurement of the pumping rate, this new program is menu-driven and eliminates one significant source of imprecision in Picking's original method, namely, selection of "well function of u" values by interpolation in a lookup table. This new program has been applied to tests of 25 domestic wells penetrating bedrock, each pumped for <2 min.     

晋冀鲁豫交界地区数字化波形识别

以邯郸数字化地震台网数据资料为基础,分析晋冀鲁豫交界地区的主要震相特征,利用软件程序对实验数据进行频谱分析,得出本区域识别构造地震、人工爆破和塌陷的数字化波形特征的显著方法。经过大量数据检验,验证该方法的准确性,为提高基础台站数据的准确性和可利用率提供思路。     

钢筋混凝土框架结构非线性全过程分析的一种新方法

在极限承载力附近的计算发散问题一直是困扰混凝土结构非线性全过程分析的关键问题,现有的迭代方法中只有弧长法被认为是最为有效的迭代方法,但由于混凝土结构具有高度的材料非线性,弧长法的稳定性难以保证。为此本文提出了一种新的方法———虚拟单元法,该方法在原结构上添加虚拟单元,虚拟单元的刚度系数在每个加载步中均保持为常数,该法在保证结构比例加载的前提下,可以有效改善结构刚度矩阵的性能,为得到结构非线性全过程分析曲线,特别是下降段部分提供了可能。本文采用虚拟单元法,通过自编的程序进行了实例分析,计算中,选取一榀混凝土框架进行模拟计算,杆件采用纤维模型,分析结果与ANSYS计算结果进行了对比,表明了该法的有效性,并对建立在纤维模型基础上的结构极限荷载进行了一定的探讨。     

面向对象技术在地球物理电磁成像可视化中的应用

面向对象技术作为一门新兴、热门的程序设计技术,当前被广泛应用到大规模数值分析、各种复杂可视化研究等领域.面向对象技术包含的类型继承、函数重载机制、虚函数多态机制成为设计完整、良好的电磁成像系统非常有利的因素.电磁成像系统需要大量的功能单元,数据的可视化需要功能完整的成像功能,这些需要都可以由面向对象技术中的对象得以表示、完成.另一方面,电磁成像系统的可视化优良性决定了地球物理电磁勘探结果的正确性,因此,十分有必要设计良好的电磁可视化系统.基于上述目的,本文基于面向对象技术,采用C++语言讨论了设计地球物理电磁成像系统可视化的方法结构,阐述了成像系统可视化设计中涉及的重要内容,并简述本文设计的可视化系统的应用.     

Selection of spectrum- and seismo-compatible accelerograms for the Tuscany region in Central Italy

This article illustrates the results of a study aimed at developing a methodology for the automatic identification of the seismic input at outcropping rock sites and flat topographic conditions necessary to carry out non-linear dynamic analysis of structures and geotechnical systems. The seismic input is provided in terms of a set of 7 natural accelerograms recorded on outcropping rock and satisfying the average spectral compatibility requirements prescribed by the Italian seismic code (NTC08).The study focuses on the territory encompassing Tuscany region in Central Italy and it has been carried out for six return periods, which are 50, 75, 101, 475, 712 and 949 years. The procedure involved four main steps: (1) grouping of the response spectra with similar features; (2) definition of the reference response spectrum for each group; (3) selection of spectrum-compatible accelerograms using the reference response spectrum of each group; and (4) linear scaling of the accelerograms to satisfy the compatibility requirement with respect to other response spectra of the group. The last step is implemented through an interactive, user-friendly program named SCALCONA 2.0, which provides the seismic input in agreement with the site location and return period specified by the user. The program is freely available at the following web site: http://www.rete.toscana.it/sett/pta/sismica/01informazione/banchedati/input_sismici/progettazione/index.htm.     

1DTempPro V2: New Features for Inferring Groundwater/Surface‐Water Exchange

A new version of the computer program 1DTempPro extends the original code to include new capabilities for (1) automated parameter estimation, (2) layer heterogeneity, and (3) time‐varying specific discharge. The code serves as an interface to the U.S. Geological Survey model VS2DH and supports analysis of vertical one‐dimensional temperature profiles under saturated flow conditions to assess groundwater/surface‐water exchange and estimate hydraulic conductivity for cases where hydraulic head is known.     

Three‐dimensional dynamic response of underground openings in saturated rock masses

In this paper a three‐dimensional dynamic analysis program for saturated porous rocks and soils is presented. The theoretical formulations incorporated in the proposed computer program are the extension of Biot's two‐phase theory to non‐linear region. Numerical study using the program is carried out to demonstrate the three‐dimensional features of the program and to show the effects of pore water on the dynamic response of underground openings in saturated rock masses. It is shown that underground openings in saturated porous media could be significantly more vulnerable to the potential damages associated with high motions and shear failure than those in dry media. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Hybrid formulation of operator splitting (OS) and Newmark‐β methods for collaborative structural analysis (CSA)

A collaborative structural analysis (CSA) system is developed, which is capable of performing highly sophisticated structural analyses utilizing beneficial features of existing individual structural analysis programs. In the system, the global equations of motion for the overall structural system are formulated in the host program. Some substructures, whose behaviors are relatively simple, are directly solved in the host program, whereas those having complex behavior are analyzed by the station programs. A time‐consuming static condensation procedure is needed for the substructures analyzed by the station programs if adopting an implicit integration scheme. The operator splitting (OS) method, which does not require tangential stiffness, can be used to improve the system efficiency. To this end, a hybrid formulation of the Newmark‐β and OS methods is proposed, and a CSA scheme based on the hybrid formulation is developed. In the CSA system adopting the hybrid formulation, the degrees of freedom whose tangential stiffness are unavailable are formulated by the OS method, whereas the rest are still formulated by the commonly used Newmark‐β method. Using the system, analyses of a three‐story‐braced steel moment‐resisting frame are conducted. In the analyses, the column bases are analyzed using the commercial finite element method software ABAQUS, and the remaining structural elements are analyzed using a frame analysis program called NETLYS. Results suggest that the hybrid formulation is very effective for the CSA system. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Simulating monthly streamflow using a hybrid feature selection approach integrated with an intelligence model

ABSTRACT

Streamflow prediction is useful for robust water resources engineering and management. This paper introduces a new methodology to generate more effective features for streamflow prediction based on the concept of “interaction effect”. The new features (input variables) are derived from the original features in a process called feature generation. It is necessary to select the most efficient input variables for the modelling process. Two feature selection methods, least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) and particle swarm optimization-artificial neural networks (PSO-ANN), are used to select the effective features. Principal components analysis (PCA) is used to reduce the dimensions of selected features. Then, optimized support vector regression (SVR) is used for monthly streamflow prediction at the Karaj River in Iran. The proposed method provided accurate prediction results with a root mean square error (RMSE) of 2.79 m³/s and determination coefficient (R² ) of 0.92.     

多重模型地震定位程序及其在北京台网的应用

利用 W. H. K. Lee、G. Nelson、P. Ward 和本文作者新发展的区域台网地震定位程序HYPO81对北京台网1979年1月1日至1980年6月30日记录的地震作了重新定位处理,并与原台网测定结果进行了比较.新定位程序的特点是:(1)各台站可设定自己的分层速度模型且允许存在低速层;(2)对数据作了多种加权;(3)迭代求解条件方程时采用奇异值分解最小二乘法;(4)对定位结果给出多方面质量评价;(5)可使用多种震相到时数据.为了反映北京地区速度结构的横向差异,对西北部山区、东南部平原和中间过渡区分别使用不同的水平分层模型.定位时使用了直达波P、S及绕射波 Pn.根据 HYPO81程序中给定的定位质量标准,大部分地震属于 C 类和 D 类,说明加密台网和提高到时读数精度是十分必要的.      

Ion composition measurements and modelling at altitudes from 140 to 350 km using EISCAT measurements

This work aims at processing the data of CP1 and CP2 programs of EISCAT ionospheric radar from 1987 to 1994 using the –full profile method which allows to solve the –temperature-composition ambiguity problem in the lower F region. The program of data analysis was developed in the CEPHAG in 1995–1996. To improve this program, we implemented another analytical function to model the ion composition profile. This new function better reflects the real profile of the composition. Secondly, we chose the best method to select the initial conditions for the –full profile procedure. A statistical analysis of the results was made to obtain the averages of various parameters: electron concentration and temperature, ion temperature, composition and bulk velocity. The aim is to obtain models of the parameter behaviour defining the ion composition profiles: z₅₀ (transition altitude between atomic and molecular ions) and dz (width of the profile), for various seasons and for high and low solar activities. These models are then compared to other models. To explain the principal features of parameters z₅₀ and dz, we made an analysis of the processes leading to composition changes and related them to production and electron density profile. A new experimental model of ion composition is now available.     

A Summary of Instrumental Data on the Recent Strong Vrancea Earthquakes, and Implications for Seismic Hazard

The paper is intended to summarize the most important instrumental data of direct relevance for engineering activities, obtained in connection with the strong Vrancea earthquakes of 4 March 1977, 30 August 1986, 30 May 1990, and 31 May 1990, and to point out some significant consequences and conclusions derived on this basis. Two main objectives of this analysis may be emphasized: (a) in-depth analysis of the radiation pattern; and (b) analysis of the spectral contents of ground motion in connection with the features of local conditions, and with the intention of assessing the relative importance of two main factors: source mechanism and long-distance wave propagation, versus features of local geological conditions. Some specific methodological developments used in this context may be mentioned: (a) use of a new approach to the quantification of ground motion intensity on the basis of instrumental (accelerographic) information; (b) analysis of radiation pattern in spectral and directivity terms; (c) parametric analysis of site-specific transfer functions for the local sequences of geological layers; and (d) a critical view on the outcome of post-earthquake survey techniques, keeping in view the implications of the spectral features of ground motion. The main results obtained are related to: (a) ground motion radiation features that have to be taken into account in connection with the data on the source mechanisms of the successive events dealt with; (b) expected spectral features of future strong ground motion at different sites; (c) methodological developments proposed for the assessment of local transfer functions; and (d) implications for microzonation activities.     

城市轨道交通U型梁动力性能研究与实验验证

为探讨城市轨道交通U型梁车桥系统的动力响应,采用线性化轮轨模型建立了31个自由度的轮轨式车辆动力学模型.模型考虑了新型算法的横竖向轨道不平顺,以重庆市轨道交通一号线工程中梁山以西高架区间所采用标准跨径为30m的单线小U结构为对象,采用自编程序对机车车辆过桥时的车桥耦合振动进行了分析,并通过计算与实测结果的对比分析对所建...     

A computer program for flow-log analysis of single holes (FLASH)

A new computer program, FLASH (Flow-Log Analysis of Single Holes), is presented for the analysis of borehole vertical flow logs. The code is based on an analytical solution for steady-state multilayer radial flow to a borehole. The code includes options for (1) discrete fractures and (2) multilayer aquifers. Given vertical flow profiles collected under both ambient and stressed (pumping or injection) conditions, the user can estimate fracture (or layer) transmissivities and far-field hydraulic heads. FLASH is coded in Microsoft Excel(5) with Visual Basic for Applications routines. The code supports manual and automated model calibration.     

The Organization and Operation of the Savannah River Plant's Groundwater Monitoring Program

The Groundwater Monitoring Program at the Savannah River Plant currently consists of more than 700 wells at more than 70 sites, and growth is projected. The organization and operation of the program has been designed to support an active drilling program, the acquisition of a large amount of repetitive data, the generation of numerous reports, associated QA/QC controls, and provisions for additional growth. The design is centered around two key features—modular components and computer usage.
The modular component concept is an organizational tool that gives one group responsibility for a specific portion of the program. This responsibility includes the operation of its segment and the coordination of operations with the other groups in the program.
Computers, the associated software programs, and a simple set of rules (the sampling guide) enables the program to accommodate large amounts of repetitive data in a timely, uniform manner. Feedback loops are included to ensure that new data are incorporated into future program decisions (new sample schedules and well locations). The highly automated system determines new sample schedules, collates/reviews incoming data, and generates various reports. Six reports are issued on a regular basis, from quarterly to annually, to ensure that the program is adequately documented.
The program has been in successful operation for more than a year and has accommodated the expected growth.     

Improved treatments for evaluating horizontal magnetic components through the 3-D FDM in E-polarization induction problems

Introduction The algorithm of the finite difference method (FDM) for solving the 3-D induction problem used by CHEN (1985) is based on the concept suggested by Brewitt-Taylor and Weaver (1976), which assumes the conductivity to be a smoothly-varying function of position. After the comparisons between many model calculations carried out by the author and other methods showed that the vertical components estimated by our method are acceptable in general cases. However, the reliability of the…     

三维有限差分法中提高计算水平磁场准确度的方法

为提高三维有限差分法的计算准确度，本文用地表边条件修改了原来的计算程序．新方法新程序通过计算Wannamaker等的模型，检验其效果．结果表明，新程序显著提高了水平磁场值的准确性，同时也改进了垂直分量的计算．      

Three-dimensional dynamic soil–structure interaction analysis in the time domain

A new numerical procedure is proposed for the analysis of three-dimensional dynamic soil–structure interaction in the time domain. In this study, the soil is modelled as a linear elastic solid, however, the methods developed can be adapted to include the effects of soil non-linearities and hysteretic damping in the soil. A substructure method, in which the unbounded soil is modelled by the scaled boundary finite-element method, is used and the structure is modelled by 8–21 variable-number-node three-dimensional isoparametric or subparametric hexahedral curvilinear elements. Approximations in both time and space, which lead to efficient schemes for calculation of the acceleration unit-impulse response matrix, are proposed for the scaled boundary finite-element method resulting in significant reduction in computational effort with little loss of accuracy. The approximations also lead to a very efficient scheme for evaluation of convolution integrals in the calculation of soil–structure interaction forces. The approximations proposed in this paper are also applicable to the boundary element method. These approximations result in an improvement over current methods. A three-dimensional Dynamic Soil–Structure Interaction Analysis program (DSSIA-3D) is developed, and seismic excitations (S-waves, P-waves, and surface waves) and externally applied transient loadings can be considered in analysis. The computer program developed can be used in the analysis of three-dimensional dynamic soil–structure interaction as well as in the analysis of wave scattering and diffraction by three-dimensional surface irregularities. The scattering and diffraction of seismic waves (P-, S-, and Rayleigh waves) by various three-dimensional surface irregularities are studied in detail, and the numerical results obtained are in good agreement with those given by other authors. Numerical studies show that the new procedure is suitable and very efficient for problems which involve low frequencies of interest for earthquake engineering. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons Ltd     

SUPRPUMP: An Interactive Program for Well Test Analysis and Design

Abstract. We have developed a program which aids in the design and analysis of pumping tests and slug tests. In design mode, the program emphasizes calculation and plotting of the sensitivities of drawdown (or head) to well function parameters. In analysis mode, the program can analyze a given set of experimental data. For pumping tests, the program allows multiple observation wells and multiple variable-rate pumping wells. The program is written in a modular fashion, allowing easy addition of well functions to the currently existing library. An example based on a hypothetical pumping test illustrates the utility of sensitivity analysis for well test design.