地磁场Sq的经度效应和UT变化

使用国际地球物理年（ＩＧＹ）和国际地球物理合作年（ＩＧＣ）期间全球地磁台网的资料和中国台站的同期地磁记录，对地磁场太阳日变化Ｓ_ｑ的经度效应和ＵＴ变化进行了分析研究．将适用于瞬时全球磁场的球谐分析法与适用于平均场的双调和分析法相结合，提出了一种分析Ｓ_ｑ磁场的新方案，得到了（θ，Ｔ，ｔ）坐标系中组成Ｓ_ｑ场的三个部分，即仅随地方时ＬＴ变化的部分Ｓ_ＬＴ，仅随世界时ＵＴ变化的部分Ｓ_ＵＴ以及既随ＬＴ变化又随ＵＴ变化的部分Ｓ_ＬＵＴ．从全球来看，在ＩＧＹ／ＩＧＣ期间，这三部分的强度之比分别为：Ｘ分量１．０：０．２：０．３，ｙ分量１．０：０．１：０．６，Ｚ分量１．０：０．４：１．０．Ｓ_ｑ的经度效应和ＵＴ变化虽然表现了同一物理过程，但它们有不同的表达形式，其决定因素是地磁轴对地理轴的倾斜，地磁场的非偶极子成分（即区域性异常）和地球内部电性的横向不均匀性（包括海陆分布、地壳上地幔电导率的区域差异）     

裂隙各向异性介质波场VSP多分量记录的数值模拟

从各向异性介质中最为普遍的裂隙各向异性介质出发，推导了同零井源距ＶＳＰ三分量观测方式相一致的一维三分量波动方程．为了更符合实际观测，引入了坐标旋转，可以模拟井中任意方位的多层各向异性介质的波场响应．用有限元方法进行了波场数值模拟，重点突出了获得凡Ｒ_３×３矩阵剖面的方法，同时对Ｒ_３×３，矩阵剖面进行了一般性的分析解释，事实证明，Ｒ_３×３矩阵剖面含有介质丰富的各向异性信息．     

Sq外源和内源电流体系的经度效应和UT变化

根据ＩＧＹ／ＩＧＣ期间全球地磁台网以及中国地磁台站的资料，计算出每－ＵＴ小时的Ｓ_ｑ外源和内源电流体系．对Ｓ_ｑ电流体系ＵＴ变化和经度效应的分析研究表明，Ｓ_ｑ外源电流体系的空间图案没有显著的ＵＴ变化，电流涡焦点的地理纬度与磁赤道有密切关系，其变化范围，北半球为２５°－３５°Ｎ，南半球为３０°－４２．５°Ｓ．外源电流总强度的平均值为２２９ｋＡ（北半球）和１７３ｋＡ（南半球），其变化范围为±５０ｋＡ（北半球）和±４０ｋＡ（南半球）．Ｓ_ｑ内源电流体系的图案和强度有显著的ＵＴ变化，电流体系焦点纬度有类似于外源电流系的变化．在大西洋、印度洋、北太平洋地区，内源电流体系的总强度明显小于大陆地区的内源电流强度，表明这些大洋地区上地幔电导率低于大陆地区．     

用双侧向测井响应求取地层参数的Newton－SVD反演方法

针对测井中经常遇到的完全非均匀的地层模型，利用深、浅双侧向测井的视电阻率曲线作为约束条件，给出了反演侵入半径ｒ_ｉ、原状地层电阻率Ｒ_ｔ、上（下）围岩电阻率Ｒ_{ｓｕ（Ｒｓｄ）的Ｎｅｗｔｏｎ－ＳＶＤ反演方法．数值模拟表明这一方法是可行的，经实际资料处理．说明该方法实用．}     

亚热带富铁土的磁学性质及其磁性矿物学

通过５５个亚热带富铁土的磁化率（χ）、频率磁化率(χ_ｆｄ)、非滞后剩磁（ＡＲＭ）和饱 和等温剩磁（ＳＩＲＭ）等磁性参数测定,结合氧化铁化学形态分析和矿物鉴定,初步明确了亚热 带富铁土的磁学特征及其磁性矿物．磁测数据表明富铁土中存在强磁性的矿物,其磁化率χ 与土壤游离氧化铁（Ｆｅ_ｄ）含量呈极显著指数正相关（Ｒ^２＝０．５９７１）,频率磁化率χ_ｆｄ与土壤游离氧 化铁含量呈极显著直线正相关（Ｒ^２＝０．４２８９）．富铁土的χ_ｆｄ和非滞后磁化率χ_ＡＲＭ。值表明土壤 中的磁性矿物以超顺磁性（ＳＰ）和稳定单畴（ＳＳＤ）颗粒为主,富铁上的χ和χ_ＡＲＭ呈极显著直线 正相关（Ｒ^＝ ０．９４２９）,证明富铁土的磁性是由风化成土过程产生的 ＳＰ和 ＳＳＤ磁性颗粒贡献 的．矿物磁测结合Ｘ－衍射证明富铁土中的氧化铁矿物由赤铁矿、磁赤铁矿和针铁矿组成。     

一维波动方程小波逐版本反演

通过将波动方程中的密度及弹性模量参数（函数）投影到一系列波数有上限的Ｌ_２（Ｒ）的子空间Ｖｉ上，并在该子空间（而不是Ｌ_２（Ｒ））中寻找尽量满足条件的密度和弹性模量函数，令Ｊ→－∞．并充分利用小波技术的优越性，相当于对反演指标实施了一系列低通滤波，对解决传统反演问题中局部极值问题是很有希望的途径．逐版本反演不仅可用于波动方程，同样可用于解其他类型的微分方程反问题．     

非稳态多重X线重联的类型与特征

为了进一步认识间歇性多重Ｘ线重联的特征，本文分析计算结果，发现入流自边界进入后向两侧发散，沿着ｘ轴（ｚ＝０）和出流边界（ｚ＝２），压强Ｐ和磁场Ｂ的分布形态表明这种非稳态重联属快模式扩张型．数值结果还表明，进入扩散区的入流马赫数Ｍ_ｉ与磁雷诺数Ｒｍ之间基本满足关系式Ｍ_ｉ≈１．５Ｒ_ｍ^－１／２─１．７５Ｒ_ｍ^－１／２，而且等离子体的加速与压强Ｐ_ｔ(Ｐ_ｔ     

太阳活动上升期源表面太阳风质量流量的速度关系分析

以ＩＰＳ速度、光球磁场、Ｋ─日冕偏振亮度和卫星实地观测数据为基础，综合生成处于太阳活动上升期的１９７６年１０个太阳周（１６４３─１６５２卡林顿周）的源表面高度（Ｒ＝２．５Ｒ_ｓ，Ｒ_ｓ为太阳半径）和日球空间中（ＩＡＵ）太阳同质量流量速度谱。结果表明，速度谱存在与太阳活动上升期一致的＂三段＂结构，且各段分别与不同的磁结构区相对应。     

频率、温度对砂岩的横波速度和Qs值的影响

在实验室正常的温度、压力、湿度条件下，用谐振方法测量了６个砂岩标本的横渡速度ＶＳ和品质因子Ｑ_ｓ值．结果表明，在１５９４-４７６１ＨＺ的频率范围内，Ｑ_ｓ值几乎不受频率的影响．对另外一个包壳的砂岩标本进行了温度实验，从２７℃加热到１２０℃，再降到３８℃，谐振频率变化范围在３９０６-３９３０ＨＳ之间，发现Ｖ_ｓ值随温度升高略有减少．而Ｑ_ｓ值明显的减少，尤其在１００℃以后，下降的幅度更大．     

各向异性介质中地震波前面的偏微分方程

从含２１个弹性参数的各向异性介质中关于位移分量ｕ_ｘ、ｕ_ｙ与ｕ_ｚ的偏微分波动方程组出发，通过假定平面波位移函数解，导出准Ｐ波、准ＳＶ波与准ＳＨ波的波前面偏微分控制方程，进而对各类特殊各向异性介质（横向各向同性介质、椭圆及立方体各向异性介质）中地震波前面偏微分方程进行了讨论．以上结果为研究各向异性介质中地震波传播规律以及进行正、反演研究奠定了理论基础．     

Analysis of objective functions used in urban runoff models

The objective functions used in parameter estimation in urban runoff models are compared by using a method proposed by Diskin and Simon¹ and the urban runoff model ILLUDAS. Two sets of objective functions, the first one used by Diskin and Simon in their study and a second one which includes other objective functions are used. Rainfall-runoff data from urban watersheds in the US are used in the study. The results indicate that the least squares criterion is the best among those studied.     

Fuzzy robust process capability indices for risk assessment of air pollution

Air pollution is one of the most important threats for the humanity. It can damage not only human health but also Earth’s ecosystem. Because of the harmful effects of air pollution, it should be controlled very carefully. To do the risk assessment of air pollution in Istanbul, the process capability indices (PCIs) which are very effective statistics to summarize the performance of process are used in this paper. Fuzzy PCIs are used to determine the levels of the air pollutants which are measured in different nine stations in Istanbul. Robust PCIs (RPCIs) are used when air pollutants have correlation. Fuzzy set theory has been applied for both PCIs and RPCIs to have more sensitive results. More flexible PCIs obtained by using fuzzy specification limits and fuzzy standard deviation are used to evaluate the air pollution’s level of Istanbul. Additionally some evaluation criteria have been constructed for fuzzy PCIs to interpret the air pollution.     

Seismic data reconstruction using multidimensional prediction filters

In this paper we discuss a beyond‐alias multidimensional implementation of the multi‐step autoregressive reconstruction algorithm for data with missing spatial samples. The multi‐step autoregressive method is summarized as follows: vital low‐frequency information is first regularized adopting a Fourier based method (minimum weighted norm interpolation); the reconstructed data are then used to estimate prediction filters that are used to interpolate higher frequencies. This article discusses the implementation of the multi‐step autoregressive method to data with more than one spatial dimension. Synthetic and real data examples are used to examine the performance of the proposed method. Field data are used to illustrate the applicability of multidimensional multi‐step autoregressive operators for regularization of seismic data.     

Accounting of water flows used in Russian economy and estimation of the water accumulated in exported products

An input–output model was applied to analyze the used freshwater and total used water in Russian economy sectors over 2005–2010. In addition, the sectors that are the main sources of wastewater discharge are identified and the volumes of water sent abroad with exported products are calculated based on data on 2011. The compiled scheme of intersectoral flows and water use in the country can be used as a base for water resources management.     

多重模型地震定位程序及其在北京台网的应用

利用 W. H. K. Lee、G. Nelson、P. Ward 和本文作者新发展的区域台网地震定位程序HYPO81对北京台网1979年1月1日至1980年6月30日记录的地震作了重新定位处理,并与原台网测定结果进行了比较.新定位程序的特点是:(1)各台站可设定自己的分层速度模型且允许存在低速层;(2)对数据作了多种加权;(3)迭代求解条件方程时采用奇异值分解最小二乘法;(4)对定位结果给出多方面质量评价;(5)可使用多种震相到时数据.为了反映北京地区速度结构的横向差异,对西北部山区、东南部平原和中间过渡区分别使用不同的水平分层模型.定位时使用了直达波P、S及绕射波 Pn.根据 HYPO81程序中给定的定位质量标准,大部分地震属于 C 类和 D 类,说明加密台网和提高到时读数精度是十分必要的.      

On the use of biorthogonalization for solving systems of linear equations in numerical weather forecasting

Summary The paper deals with the solving of large systems of linear equations which are created when implicit and semi-implicit differential methods are used to solve the primitive equations of the atmosphere. Systems with similar properties are also created in solving boundary problems of multi-level filtered models. First, the specific properties of these systems, which are then used to construct an efficient method of solving them, are described.     

基于FPGA及DSP的测井遥传信号解码技术

综合化测井数据采集系统的硬件设计采用了可靠性较高的compactPCI总线结构以及FPGA、DSP等技术,软件采用了实时操作系统VxWorks．利用FPGA和DSP技术实现了测井遥传信号的解码,保证了系统的实时性和可靠性能够满足测井采集的要求．系统已在现场应用,验证了设计方案可行的．     

基于BP神经网络的网格结构损伤识别与试验研究

针对网格结构中杆件数量众多,但节点数总是远远小于杆件数的特点,损伤识别中采用了基于BP神经网络技术和面向节点的损伤初步定位方法的网格结构损伤识别的三步法。对双层柱面网壳结构模型在不同杆件去掉时的四种损伤情况下的振动特性进行了实测,并以实测低阶模态的频率变化率和少数测点的振型分量作为神经网络输入参数,对模型的各种损伤情况进行了识别。结果表明,所用的方法可以精简神经网络的结构,并提高其模式识别的能力。该方法可用于对大型复杂结构的损伤识别。     

Development of deformable connection for earthquake‐resistant buildings to reduce floor accelerations and force responses

This paper presents the development of a deformable connection that is used to connect each floor system of the flexible gravity load resisting system (GLRS) with the stiff lateral force resisting system (LFRS) of an earthquake‐resistant building. It is shown that the deformable connection acts as a seismic response modification device, which limits the lateral forces transferred from each floor to the LFRS and allows relative motion between the GLRS and LFRS. In addition, the floor accelerations and the LFRS story shears related to the higher‐mode responses are reduced. The dispersion of peak responses is also significantly reduced. Numerical simulations of the earthquake response of a 12‐story reinforced concrete shear wall example building with deformable connections are used to define an approximate feasible design space for the deformable connection. The responses of the example building model with deformable connections and the example building model with rigid‐elastic connections are compared. Two configurations of the deformable connection are studied. In one configuration, a buckling restrained brace is used as the limited‐strength load‐carrying hysteretic component of the deformable connection, and in the other configuration, a friction device is used. Low damping laminated rubber bearings are used in both configurations to ensure the out‐of‐plane stability of the LFRS and to provide post‐elastic stiffness to the deformable connection. Important experimental results from full‐scale tests of the deformable connections are presented and used to calibrate numerical models of the connections. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Seismic analysis of structures with a fractional derivative model of viscoelastic dampers

Viscoelastic dampers are now among some of the preferred energy dissipation devices used for passive seismic response control. To evaluate the performance of structures installed with viscoelastic dampers, different analytical models have been used to characterize their dynamic force deformation characteristics. The fractional derivative models have received favorable attention as they can capture the frequency dependence of the material stiffness and damping properties observed in the tests very well. However, accurate analytical procedures are needed to calculate the response of structures with such damper models. This paper presents a modal analysis approach, similar to that used for the analysis of linear systems, for solving the equations of motion with fractional derivative terms for arbitrary forcing functions such as those caused by earthquake induced ground motions. The uncoupled modal equations still have fractional derivatives, but can be solved by numerical or analytical procedures. Both numerical and analytical procedures are formulated. These procedures are then used to calculate the dynamic response of a multi-degree of freedom shear beam structure excited by ground motions. Numerical results demonstrating the response reducing effect of viscoelastic dampers are also presented.