黔北上奥陶统宝塔组头足类的聚爆深度分析及其地质学意义

上奥陶统宝塔组是扬子板块分布广泛的标志性地层单元,因富含类型多样的头足类化石及发育特殊的网纹状构造而闻名。目前,有关宝塔组沉积时期水体深度的分析都是基于沉积学和古生物学特征的定性推测,而且争议较大。笔者等在黔北尧龙山地区宝塔组采集到大量原域埋藏的头足类化石,根据它们的隔壁强度系数(Septal Strength Index,SSI)与聚爆深度的耦合关系,首次对这些头足类生活时的古海水深度进行定量化分析。通过选取符合SSI分析条件的16块Sinoceras和12块Michelinoceras标本,系统分析了SSI分别与外部特征和内部构造的相关性。结果显示,SSI随壳体长度及隔壁间距的增大而增加,随顶角角度的增加而减小,但与内部构造单一参数的相关性不大,可能受到多个内部构造参数的共同制约。定量化分析结果显示,尧龙山地区宝塔组中共埋出现的Sinoceras和Michelinoceras的SSI分别为5.564～10.829和11.432～19.532,对应的生态深度大约分别为128～169 m和228～280 m,表明两属头足动物生活时可能已经出现明显的生态分层现象,古生物地理区系也出现一定...     

西藏羌塘南部发现奥陶纪-泥盆纪地层

西藏羌塘地区出露大面积的浅变质岩,由于没有获得可靠化石等年代证据,地层的时代归属争议很大.笔者等在冈塘错以北的塔石山发现了头足类、海百合茎、笔石和竹节石等化石.经初步鉴定,头足化石有Sinoceras,Michelinoceras,Wennanoceas,Archigeisonoceras等;笔石主要是单笔石类.Sinoceras-Michelinoceras组合是中奥陶世宝塔期的标准化石,头足类化石主要反映中奥陶世的面貌.在含中奥陶世头足类化石的层位之下,有数十米不含化石的碎屑岩,可能是早奥陶世的沉积.羌南地区奥陶纪-泥盆纪生物和地层的发现,为与邻区地层划分对比和探讨羌塘构造演化提供了重要依据.     

西藏羌塘南部发现奥陶纪-泥盆纪地层

西藏羌塘地区出露大面积的浅变质岩，由于没有获得可靠化石等年代证据，地层的时代归属争议很大。笔者等在冈塘错以北的塔石山发现了头足类、海百合茎、笔石和竹节石等化石。经初步鉴定，头足化石有Sinoceras，Michelinoceras，Wennartoceras，Archigeisonoceras等；笔石主要是单笔石类。Sinoceras-Michelinoceras组合是中奥陶世宝塔期的标准化石，头足类化石主要反映中奥陶世的面貌。在含中奥陶世头足类化石的层位之下，有数十米不含化石的碎屑岩，可能是早奥陶世的沉积。羌南地区奥陶纪-泥盆纪生物和地层的发现，为与邻区地层划分对比和探讨羌塘构造演化提供了重要依据。     

论长江三峡东部地区奥陶系红花园组和宝塔组-临湘组中下部头足类的生态与环境

过去普遍认为长江三峡东部地区奥陶纪红花园期为清澈宁静的浅海,而宝塔-临湘期是滨海。本文以头足类的形态及组织结构特征结合理藏情况和沉积相分析,论述了长江三峡东部地区奥陶纪红花园期和宝塔-临湘期的头足类生态和沉积相,认为红花园期的沉积属开阔海台地相,而宝塔-临湘期的沉积为广海陆棚相。     

渤海湾盆地南堡凹陷南部古近系沙河街组一段古水体特征*

渤海湾盆地南堡凹陷古近系沙河街组的古水体特征研究程度较低。以南堡凹陷南部为例,采用多种方法,分析了沙河街组一段沉积时期水体的古盐度和古水深。根据Sr/Ba值、Rb/K值和特殊藻类化石,认为其古盐度为微咸—半咸。通过Sr/Cu值和孢粉化石2种手段,恢复了研究区沙河街组一段沉积时期的古气候,认为其为潮湿气候但存在干湿波动。根据Mn/Fe值变化、干酪根类型和藻类化石以及似瘤田螺的发现,恢复了该时期的相对古水深,并结合自生黏土矿物、沉积构造和沉积相等,通过加权平均值的方法定量计算古水深,得出研究区沙一段中亚段顶部沉积时期水体较浅,为4~15,m,而沙一段下亚段沉积时期水体较深,为4~30,m。综合分析认为,南堡凹陷南部沙河街组一段沉积时期的古盐度和古水深在一定程度上取决于古气候条件和古地形背景。     

藏北申扎、班戈地区奥陶纪和志留纪的一些头足类化石

文内描述的头足类化石采自藏北申扎县柯耳多组和班戈县东卡组,这些头足类化石分别属于塔飞角石目薇角石科、珠角石目链角石科以及肿角石目约维兰角石科。其中约维兰角石科分子系首次在藏北发现。笔者认为柯耳多组的时代属于中奥陶世,东卡组的时代当属于早至中志留世。 由于中奥陶世Sinoceras以及早至中志留世约维兰角石科分子在藏北的发现,表明西藏海域与华中—西南区浅海从中奥陶世到中志留世时都是相通连的。     

河北怀来龙凤山青白口系长龙山组碎屑锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb年龄及其构造古地理意义

河北怀来龙凤山地区青白口系长龙山组(或称骆驼岭组)因发现"龙凤山生物群"而备受关注。本文报道了龙凤山西坡剖面长龙山组中部临近"龙凤山生物群"化石产出层位之下的粉砂岩中碎屑锆石的LA-ICP-MS U-Pb年龄。其年龄分布于1573~2931 Ma之间,碎屑锆石年龄谱存在一个明显的峰值,峰值年龄为~1.85Ga,此外还有其它若干次级峰值年龄,分别响应了华北克拉通主要的前寒武纪若干地质事件。年龄主峰(~1.85Ga)记录了华北克拉通东、西两大陆块的碰撞拼合事件,~2.6Ga(2.603Ga和2.556Ga)和~2.9Ga(2.935Ga)峰值年龄对应了华北克拉通重要的陆壳生长时间,前者对应了华北克拉通东部地壳生长的最高峰。介于2.4~2.0Ga(2.07Ga、2.177Ga、2.228Ga、2.286Ga、2.324Ga和2.388Ga)的次级峰值年龄代表了华北克拉通经历的陆内拉伸-裂谷事件。~1.6Ga(1.580Ga)峰值年龄是大红峪的岩浆事件的反映,大致对应于Columbia超大陆裂解的时间。缺失广布华北克拉通的~2.5Ga事件可能是由于长龙山期海侵超覆沉积使得~2.5Ga的露头被普遍覆盖所致。参照长龙山组下伏地层下马岭组报道的斑脱岩年龄,本文测得的最小谐和年龄(1.573Ga)并不能有效地约束其沉积时代的下限。对燕辽裂陷槽不同地区长龙山组或与之可对比地层的碎屑锆石年龄的对比研究表明,燕辽裂陷槽内部对上述构造事件响应存在差异,暗示了燕辽裂陷槽发育期内部古地理具有相当的复杂程度。秦皇岛柳江地区和辽东半岛青白口系长龙山组碎屑锆石年龄分布特征与燕辽裂陷槽内长龙山组存在的差异,很大程度上是受当时的古地理背景制约。     

陕南奥陶系宝塔组灰岩网状裂缝成因

为了研究奥陶系宝塔组灰岩网状裂缝的形成原因,利用古生物鉴定、野外露头对比及镜下薄片观察等方法进行分析.古生物以头足类、三叶虫、介形类和棘皮类为主,偶见腕足类,未见藻类.裂缝延伸到生物化石时停止,贯穿地层顶底面但未穿透相邻地层,平面呈瘤状、龟裂纹和S曲线等,锯齿状缝合线切穿裂缝.镜下发现灰质基块内散布着泥质团块,泥质团块通过微裂隙互相连通或连通主裂缝,泥质内夹的灰质碎屑长轴沿裂缝展布,新鲜剖面灰质基块与泥质裂缝无明显界限.提出宝塔期扬子板块处于稳定克拉通沉积环境,网状裂缝是在较深水缓慢沉积的低能开阔台地环境下,由于化学分异作用灰质质点聚集、压实作用胶态粘土矿物脱水收缩、泥质随水排出时充填裂缝而形成的,为非构造成因裂缝.      

云南罗平生物群埋藏环境初步研究:来自沉积构造的证据

罗平生物群产于云南省罗平县大凹子村中三叠统关岭组二段中,是以海生鱼类为主,还伴生有海生爬行类、棘皮类、双壳以及植物化石。产化石层位以灰黑色薄层泥晶灰岩为主,水平纹层、波状层理、同生变形构造（滑塌构造、包卷层理）、正粒序、虫迹等沉积构造发育。对这些沉积构造进行研究来探讨罗平生物群的沉积与埋藏环境,结果表明:罗平生物群沉积环境为碳酸盐台地内部具远端变陡坡折的浅海深水盆地,水体相对较深,处于间隙性缺氧状态,有效地阻止了生物化石的腐烂分解;远端变陡缓坡部分发育的同沉积变形构造指示了环境的突发性变化,引发了生物的大量死亡并被迅速埋藏。     

内蒙古东乌旗地区中下泥盆统泥鳅河组沉积相研究

发育于内蒙古东乌旗地区的泥鳅河组,属于早中泥盆世沉积,厚度约1000m,主要发育泥岩、粉砂岩和灰岩沉积,粉砂岩中常常发育大量腕足类和珊瑚生物化石。首次在本区发现风暴沉积和Beaconites遗迹化石:风暴沉积由下至上包括粒序层理段、平行层理段、丘状交错层理段和浪成波纹层理段4个层段;Beaconites遗迹化石具管壁和内部水平“V”字型的回填纹构造。通过对岩相、生物化石、风暴沉积和Beaconites遗迹化石的研究显示,东乌旗地区泥鳅河组为浅海相沉积。     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

HYDROGEOLOGY

正20141756 Chen Ruige(Mathematical College,China University of Geosciences,Beijing100083,China);Zhou Xun Numerical Simulation of Groundwater Level Fluctuation in a Coastal Confined Aquifer with Sloping Initial Groundwater Level Induced by the Tide(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(7),2013,p.1099-1104,6 illus.,16 refs.) Key words:confined water,groundwater level     

METAMORPHIC PETROLOGY

正20141408 Cai Jia(Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing100037,China);Liu Fulai Petrogenesis and Metamorphic P-T Conditions of Garnet-Spinel-Biotitebearing Paragneiss in Danangou Area,Daqingshan-Wulashan Metamorphic Complex Belt(Acta Petrologica Sinica,ISSN1000-0569,CN11-1922/P,29(7),     

SERIALS

正~~     

GEOPHYSICAL EXPLORATION

正20142386An Guoying(China Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Sensing Center for Land and Resources,Beijing 100083,China)Application of Satellite Remote Sensing in Regional Hydrogeological Investigation:Taking Cenozoic Strata in Wenquan Sheet(1∶250 000)of Karakoram Range as an Example(Geosci-     

QUATERNARY GEOLOGY & GEOMORPHOLOGY

正20141016An Chengbang(Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems,Ministry of Education,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China);Zhao Yongtao Lake Records during the Last Glacial Maximum from Xinjiang,NW China and Their Climatic Impli-     

PETROLEUM GEOLOGY

正20141538 Cao Qing(School of Earth Sciences and Engineering,Xi’an Petroleum University,Xi’an 710065,China);Zhao Jingzhou Characteristics and Significance of Fluid Inclusions from Majiagou Formation,Yichuan Huangling Area,Ordos Basin(Advances in Earth Science,ISSN1001-8166,CN62-1091/P,28(7),2013,p.819-828,7 illus.,3 tables,43 refs.)     

GEOCHEMISTRY

正20142002 Wei Hualing(Institute of Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Langfang065000,China);Zhou Guohua Element Content and Mineral Compositions in Different Sizes of Soil in Tongling Area,Anhui Province(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(11),2013,p.1861