北山地区月牙山-洗肠井蛇绿岩的地球化学特征及形成环境

位于北山中带的月牙山-洗肠井蛇绿岩带是北山地区出露最好的蛇绿岩带之一,枕状玄武岩和堆晶辉长岩表现出轻稀土元素亏损-平坦的分配模式,(La/Yb)N=0.47～1.62,类似N-MORB;而相对于N-MORB则又富集大离子亲石元素,亏损Nb、Ta等高场强元素,与典型岛弧火山岩相似;即基性岩类同时具有类似岛弧火山岩和洋中脊...     

藏北羌塘中西部红脊山地区晚古生代蛇绿岩地球化学特征及构造意义

以变质玄武岩为研究对象,对红脊山蛇绿岩进行了详细的岩石学和地球化学研究。结果表明,玄武岩主量元素含量与典型的N-MORB非常相似,稀土元素总量较低,具有轻稀土元素略亏损的近平坦左倾型配分型式,Eu异常不显著(δEu=1.05~1.16)。微量元素蛛网图总体也与N-MORB相似,表明变质基性岩源于N-MORB型亏损地幔源区。与典型的大洋中脊玄武岩相比,微量元素蛛网图显示出部分大离子亲石元素明显富集和部分高场强元素明显亏损的特征,尤其是Nb的亏损较为明显(Nb=1.67×10-6~2.26×10-6,平均值为1.97×10-6),表明本区玄武岩受俯冲带物质的影响,很可能形成于俯冲带之上的弧后盆地次级扩张的大地构造背景,属SSZ型蛇绿岩范畴,为特提斯大洋岩石圈在俯冲过程中引发弧后盆地次级扩张的产物。本研究为龙木错—双湖—澜沧江板块缝合带中西段的构造演化研究提供了重要依据。     

洞错盆地蛇绿岩地球化学特征及大地构造意义

本文以改则的洞错盆地蛇绿岩为研究对象,开展了洞错盆地蛇绿岩的岩石学、岩相学及地球化学方面的研究工作。结果表明：地幔橄榄岩以方辉橄榄岩为主,为烟斗型稀土元素配分型式;形成于熔融程度较高的地幔残余物质,具有Nb、Ta负异常。辉绿岩稀土元素配分型式与N-MORB类似,其稀土元素来自亏损的软流圈地幔;Ta、Ti、Y等高场强元素分布特征与N-MORB相似;辉绿岩既有MORB特征又有IAT特征,在洋内弧后盆地扩张环境中形成。辉长岩稀土配分曲线与N-MORB的类似;微量元素中K、Rb、Ba等富集,Nb、Ta亏损,有岛弧火山岩的特征,与典型的N-MORB特征有区别;既有MORB特征,也显示了俯冲带物质的参与,为消减带上弧后盆地次级扩张产生的新洋壳。因此,洞错蛇绿岩为SSZ型蛇绿岩。     

Geochemical Characteristics and Tectonic Setting and of the Yueyashan-Xichangjing Ophiolite in the Beishan Area

位于北山中带的月牙山-洗肠井蛇绿岩带是北山地区出露最好的蛇绿岩带之一,枕状玄武岩和堆晶辉长岩表现出轻稀土元素亏损-平坦的分配模式,(La/Yb)N=0.47～1.62,类似N-MORB;而相对于N-MORB则又富集大离子亲石元素,亏损Nb、Ta等高场强元素,与典型岛弧火山岩相似;即基性岩类同时具有类似岛弧火山岩和洋中脊火山岩的地球化学特征,与产出于弧后盆地的新疆库尔提蛇绿岩的基性岩及现代弧后盆地(Mariana)相似,根据其地球化学特征进行构造环境判别,基本反映出弧后盆地火山岩的特征.另外样品的ENd(t)为较高的正值(6.11～8.17),表明其源区应为亏损地幔.结合研究区的沉积建造特征可以判断,月牙山-洗肠井蛇绿岩应形成于弧后盆地,与其北部的斜山-东七一山火山弧构成塔里木板块北缘的“弧-盆”体系.     

北祁连冷龙岭蛇绿岩地质地球化学特征及构造意义

在北祁连造山带冷龙岭地区新发现一条蛇绿岩带,该蛇绿岩从下向上由地幔橄榄岩、辉长辉绿岩、玄武岩、硅质岩组成。岩石地球化学特征表明,玄武岩可分类高Ti和低Ti两类,其中高Ti玄武岩具有LREE富集的稀土配分型式,富集K、Rb、Ba、Th、Nb、Ta等不相容元素,呈现隆起型(驼峰式)分布型式,显示了典型的洋岛火山岩地球化学特征,为板内岩浆作用的产物。低Ti玄武岩具有LREE亏损,类似N-MORB的稀土配分模式,同时又具有相对于N-MORB富集的大离子亲石元素,亏损Nb、Ta等高场强元素的岛弧火山岩的地球化学特征,代表了弧后盆地环境岩石组合。蛇绿岩岩石组合和岩石地球化学特征显示该蛇绿岩套形成于弧后盆地环境,是早奥陶世北祁连洋的残留。     

五台山太古宙变质基性岩的地球化学及岩石成因

五台山变质杂岩中的新太古代变质基性岩主要由变质辉长岩、绿泥石片岩及角闪岩组成。根据稀土配分模式可以把它们分为三组:第一组具有平坦的稀土配分型式,稀土总量比较低(29×10-6~52×10-6),显示弱的Eu负异常及无异常(EuN/EuN=0.84~1.02),轻稀土略有亏损到弱富集(LaN/YbN=0.86~1.3),原始地幔标准化图解上具有平坦的分布模式和明显的Zr负异常,稀土和微量元素特征类似于大洋高原拉斑玄武岩,代表了地幔柱形成的高原玄武岩的残余。第二组稀土总量明显高于第一组(34×10-6~116×10-6),具有轻稀土富集的配分型式(LaN/YbN=1.76~4.34),弱的Eu…     

西秦岭关子镇蛇绿混杂岩的地球化学和锆石SHRIMP U-Pb年龄

西秦岭沿天水武山断裂带产出的关子镇蛇绿混杂岩由变玄武岩、变中-基性深成岩浆岩以及少量蛇纹岩组成。变玄武岩具有平坦或轻稀土略亏损的稀土配分型式((La/Yb)_N=0.63～1.24),且不存在Nb、Ta和Ti的负异常,表明它们形成于洋中脊环境。变中-基性深成岩浆岩包含两种类型:类型Ⅰ显示轻稀土富集((La/Yb)_N>2.2)、具有显著Nb负异常((La/Nb)_N>2.4)的特征,类似于岛弧火山岩;类型Ⅱ显示轻稀土亏损到略富集((La/Yb)_N=0.44～1.38)、无显著Nb负异常((La/Nb)_N<1.5),这些特征与上述变玄武岩类似,表明它们也是关子镇蛇绿岩的组成部分。蛇绿岩中辉长岩和闪长岩(该闪长岩属"大洋斜长花岗岩类")样品的锆石SHRIMP U-Pb年龄分别为534±9Ma和517±8Ma,这反映关子镇蛇绿岩可能为早-中寒武世古洋壳残片。由于西秦岭的天水武山断裂带是东秦岭商丹断裂带的西延并共同被认为是华北和华南陆块之间的主缝合线,上述年龄对理解该带及古秦岭洋的演化提供了重要制约。     

新疆西准噶尔达尔布特蛇绿岩套柳树沟镁铁质杂岩SHRIMP锆石U-Pb年龄及地球化学特征

对新疆西准噶尔达尔布特蛇绿岩套柳树沟镁铁质杂岩中橄榄辉长岩、蛇纹石化橄榄辉长岩、辉长岩和蚀变辉长岩地球化学分析表明:辉长岩和蚀变辉长岩具有钙碱性和拉斑玄武岩的双重特征,橄榄辉长岩和蛇纹石化橄榄辉长岩属镁铁质堆积岩,为蛇绿岩组成单元;稀土总量较高,具微弱正Eu异常,稀土元素配分模式为略左倾平坦型,与SSZ型镁铁质堆晶岩稀土配分模式相同;微量元素蛛网图上,富集大离子亲石元素Cs、K、Th、U,相对亏损高场强元素Nb、Ta,可能代表俯冲板片的流体交代上覆地幔楔使地幔岩石发生部分熔融。地球化学构造环境判别柳树沟镁铁质岩石岩浆源区为亏损型地幔向富集型地幔过渡的适度富集型地幔,其形成的最佳模型是在成熟岛弧基础上裂谷化形成的一个不成熟的类似边缘海性质弧后盆地,不具成熟大洋或盆地那样的洋壳-上地幔结构,在盆地扩张初期岩浆具岛弧特征,随着盆地被进一步打开,镁铁质岩石具N-MORB特征。对辉长岩采用SHRIMP锆石U-Pb同位素年龄测试,获得特柳树沟镁铁质岩石的结晶时间为314.9±1.7 Ma。     

新疆西准噶尔木哈塔依蛇绿混杂岩年代学和地球化学研究及构造意义

木哈塔依蛇绿混杂岩位于新疆西准噶尔达拉布特蛇绿岩带北东端,蛇绿岩组合包括蛇纹石化及石英菱镁岩化方辉橄榄岩、玄武岩和硅质岩,蛇绿岩中侵入有辉长岩脉。对蛇绿岩开展了详细的岩相学、岩石地球化学、锆石UPb年代学和Hf同位素研究。玄武岩和辉长岩均为低钾拉斑玄武岩系列,两者同时具有轻稀土富集和弱亏损的EMORB和N-MORB的配分曲线,微量元素具有Ba、U、K、La、Ce等LILE相对富集,Nb、Ta、Th等HFSE相对亏损的特征,结合玄武岩中相对稳定的微量元素和氧化物构造判别图解,认为蛇绿岩形成于弧后盆地。玄武岩LA-ICPMS锆石U-Pb同位素年龄为(392.5)±2.9 Ma(n=26,MSWD=1.3),代表蛇绿岩形成年龄。玄武岩锆石εHf(t)值为+12.2~+15.1,Hf同位素地幔模式年龄t(DM)(407~543 Ma)与锆石形成年龄相近,指示玄武岩直接来源于亏损地幔,且没有遭受地壳物质的明显混染。地幔岩铬尖晶石化学成分和玄武岩Dy/Yb-La/Yb图解表明,地幔橄榄岩可能为亏损的尖晶石二辉橄榄岩发生25%~30%部分熔融的残余,而熔出的基性熔体为玄武岩和辉长岩的母岩浆。综合研究认为,达拉布特蛇绿岩所代表的西准噶尔洋盆为准噶尔洋北西俯冲形成的弧后盆地,洋盆在中志留世就已经存在并开始扩张,直到早石炭世洋盆依然存在,晚石炭世洋盆进入俯冲消减和闭合阶段。     

藏北湖区拉弄蛇绿岩枕状玄武岩地球化学特征及其成因

微量元素分析结果表明,藏北湖区拉弄蛇绿岩中枕状玄武岩富集大离子亲石元素Sr、Ba和放射性生热元素Th,且Rb变化混乱;Nb、Ta、Ti亏损,显示出TNT(Ta、Nb和Ti)的负异常现象,具有岛弧型火山岩的特点;而在稀土元素球粒陨石标准化配分图中显示平坦型曲线,玄武岩的(La/Yb)N和(Ce/Yb)N比值同N-MORB接近,表现出N-MORB的特征。通过对其构造环境的判别,并结合蛇绿岩与相邻地质体的关系,提出拉弄蛇绿岩可能是北侧的新特提斯洋在中晚侏罗世向南俯冲消减过程中,在其后缘诱发拉张作用引起次级弧后扩张,形成了新的俯冲带之上的弧后盆地大洋岩石圈,并在后来的拼贴过程中蛇绿岩构造就位于此。     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

Définition d'une limite multicritère ; stratigraphie du passage Campanien–Maastrichtien du site géologique de Tercis (Landes,SW France)Definition of a multi-criteria boundary; stratigraphy of the Campanian–Maastrichtian interval of the geological site at Tercis (Landes,SW France)

Lithostratigraphy, physicochemical stratigraphy, biostratigraphy, and geochronology of the 77–70 Ma old series bracketing the Campanian–Maastrichtian boundary have been investigated by 70 experts. For the first time, direct relationships between macro- and microfossils have been established, as well as direct and indirect relationships between chemo-physical and biostratigraphical tools. A combination of criteria for selecting the boundary level, duration estimates, uncertainties on durations and on the location of biohorizons have been considered; new chronostratigraphic units are proposed. The geological site at Tercis is accepted by the Commission on Stratigraphy as the international reference for the stratigraphy of the studied interval. To cite this article: G.S. Odin, C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 409–414.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

HYDROGEOLOGY

正20141756 Chen Ruige(Mathematical College,China University of Geosciences,Beijing100083,China);Zhou Xun Numerical Simulation of Groundwater Level Fluctuation in a Coastal Confined Aquifer with Sloping Initial Groundwater Level Induced by the Tide(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(7),2013,p.1099-1104,6 illus.,16 refs.) Key words:confined water,groundwater level     

METAMORPHIC PETROLOGY

正20141408 Cai Jia(Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing100037,China);Liu Fulai Petrogenesis and Metamorphic P-T Conditions of Garnet-Spinel-Biotitebearing Paragneiss in Danangou Area,Daqingshan-Wulashan Metamorphic Complex Belt(Acta Petrologica Sinica,ISSN1000-0569,CN11-1922/P,29(7),     

SERIALS

正~~     

GEOPHYSICAL EXPLORATION

正20142386An Guoying(China Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Sensing Center for Land and Resources,Beijing 100083,China)Application of Satellite Remote Sensing in Regional Hydrogeological Investigation:Taking Cenozoic Strata in Wenquan Sheet(1∶250 000)of Karakoram Range as an Example(Geosci-     

QUATERNARY GEOLOGY & GEOMORPHOLOGY

正20141016An Chengbang(Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems,Ministry of Education,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China);Zhao Yongtao Lake Records during the Last Glacial Maximum from Xinjiang,NW China and Their Climatic Impli-     

PETROLEUM GEOLOGY

正20141538 Cao Qing(School of Earth Sciences and Engineering,Xi’an Petroleum University,Xi’an 710065,China);Zhao Jingzhou Characteristics and Significance of Fluid Inclusions from Majiagou Formation,Yichuan Huangling Area,Ordos Basin(Advances in Earth Science,ISSN1001-8166,CN62-1091/P,28(7),2013,p.819-828,7 illus.,3 tables,43 refs.)