基于BP神经网络的深水自升式海洋平台智能控制模型试验研究

基于BP神经网络控制方法设计了一种适用于自升式海洋平台的智能控制系统。为了验证该控制系统的有效性,以墨西哥湾海域某典型深水自升式海洋平台为原型,根据动力相似准则按照1∶40的相似比设计海洋平台试验模型,采用磁流变阻尼器作为实施该智能控制方法的控制器,并对其主要参数进行了设计。在此基础上,在波浪水池中分别对有、无安装控制系统的自升式海洋平台模型进行了多工况的波浪试验,通过对比安装控制系统前后平台结构的响应幅度,研究了控制系统的振动控制效果。试验结果表明:基于BP神经网络的磁流变阻尼智能控制系统能够有效地控制自升式海洋平台结构的动力响应,且控制效果稳定。     

基于以太网的水下自主航行器分布式控制系统研究

针对模块化小型 AUV 平台高速、宽带的数据通信需求和设备分散的特点,设计了一种分布式控制系统。 控制系统硬件采用基于网络的分布式架构,在较好地减少传输信号线,提高抗干扰能力的同时提高 AUV 平台的设备间兼容性和通信速率。 控制系统软件采用分层控制体系,由显控设备控制的任务层,控制计算机控制的自主层以及由微控制器节点控制的执行层,实现实时任务和控制命令的分离,减小任务层的运算量,方便软件的维护升级。 实航试验中 AUV 准确地完成了复杂的路径规划和地形测量任务,表明控制系统运行稳定可靠,为 AUV 平台的通用化、小型化设计提供参考。     

桶形基础平台负压沉贯施工中的智能监测与控制系统

介绍了一种用于桶形基础平台负压沉贯施工中的智能化监测与控制系统。在该系统的监测与控制下 ,我国第一座海上桶形基础平台 (胜利油田 CB2 0 B)经过 4h的负压沉贯施工安装就位成功。此平台已投入使用 1 a多 ,工作状况良好。对该系统的组成、各部分功能和使用效果做了较详细的介绍。     

桶形基础平台负压沉贯施工中的智能监测与控制系统

介绍了一种用于桶形基础平台负压沉贯施或的智能化监测与控制系统。在该系统的监测与控制下,我国第一座海上桶形基础平台（胜利油田ＣＢ２０Ｂ）经过４ｈ的负压沉贯施工安装就位成功。此平台已投入使用１ａ多,工作状况良好。对该系统的组成、各部分功能和使用效果做了较详细的介绍。     

新型双船起重拆除平台试验研究

拆除大型海上结构物是一项非常复杂且充满挑战的工程。现提出一种新型海上平台拆除方案,该方案利用三条半潜船来代替具有重型起重装置的单一船舶,通过两艘相同的半潜船将平台上层建筑托起,随后运至第三艘半潜船上完成平台拆除。在风浪流作用下,半潜船和平台的所处方位和运动姿态一直处于动态变化中,这对船舶调节压载的稳定性以及双船运动的同步性提出了要求。为了确保该方案的高效性和安全性,设计了一套完整的模型试验装置,包括船舶模型、平台拆卸辅助设备、六自由度运动采集与分析系统、控制系统、无线通讯系统以及测量系统。开展了相应的水池试验,试验结果验证了双船起重拆除平台方案中双船协同运输这一关键环节的可行性和安全性。     

锚泊辅助动力定位系统推力器故障模式影响分析

锚泊辅助动力定位是将锚泊定位和动力定位相结合的一种新型位置控制系统。以某深水半潜式钻井平台为例,通过时域模拟分析了两个推力器失效模式对平台锚泊辅助动力定位系统定位精度、功率消耗及缆绳张力的影响。分析结果可以看出,深水作业时平台同一配电板上两推力器失效对平台水平偏移有很大影响,可通过减小或取消失效推力器相邻推力器的禁止角及拉紧迎风缆并松弛背风缆的方法来减小平台偏移,节约功耗,为动力定位系统的故障模式与影响分析提供了参考。     

海洋平台磁流变阻尼器半主动控制研究

基于现代最优控制理论建立海洋平台磁流变 (MR)半主动控制系统的数学模型 ,采用白噪声过程通过滤波器来近似随机波浪力谱。以典型导管架平台为算例 ,对磁流变阻尼器进行了参数设计。分析了 MR阻尼器对海洋平台振动控制的有效性 ,仿真结果表明 ,采用磁流变阻尼器对海洋平台进行半主动控制能够有效的减小平台的动态响应。     

一种新概念潜浮平台操纵性仿真研究

新概念潜浮平台是一种全新的船型,在建造实船之前对其操纵性能进行全面评估非常重要.首先在模型操纵性试验和理论分析的基础上建立考虑波浪干扰力和力矩作用的平台操纵运动数学模型,并用Simulink建立图形化的动力学仿真程序.基于该程序对水面和水下各种操纵情况进行仿真和分析,并就平台在波浪中的操纵性进行研究.仿真结果表明该平台具有良好的操纵性能,从而验证了设计,并为今后运动控制系统的设计提供了一个验证平台.     

动力定位系统的模糊自适应控制

本文设计了一个用于海洋动力定位系统运动控制的模糊自适应控制器。文中提出了一种优化设计方法,使模糊控制性能接近最优,并保证了自适应控制的稳定性。仿真结果表明：该控制器有效、实用,在各种环境下都能取得满意的控制效果。该方法对于海上平台、动力定位船舶及潜器等控制系统都是适用的。     

10kW组合型振荡浮子波浪发电装置的电力变换与控制系统

设计并开发10kW组合型振荡浮子波浪发电装置的电力变换与控制系统,用以实现波浪能到电能的最大效率转化和利用。电力变换系统基于离网型"背靠背"式拓扑结构进行设计,采用蓄电池组并联直流母线的方案来进行储能。为克服潮差对发电装置带来的不利影响,设计了一种潮位自适应控制系统,以确保装置的发电效率和结构安全。开发了远程无线监控系统,真正实现了对无人值守的海上发电平台的远程监控。通过海试结果,验证了电力变换与控制系统的可靠性和有效性。     

Development of a deep ocean electric autonomous manipulator

This paper describes an underwater 3500 m electric manipulator (named Huahai-4E,stands for four functions deep ocean electric manipulator in China),which has been developed at underwater manipulation technology lab in Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST) for a test bed of studying of deep ocean manipulation technologies.The manipulator features modular integration joints,and layered architecture control system.The oil-filled,pressure-compensated joint is compactly designed and integrated of a permanent magnet (PM) brushless motor,a drive circuit,a harmonic gear and an angular feedback potentiometer.The underwater control system is based on a network and consisted of three embedded PC/104 computers which are used for servo control,task plan and target sensor respectively.They communicate through User Datagram Protocol (UDP) multicast communication in Vxworks OS.A supervisor PC with a virtual 3D GUI is fiber linked to underwater control system.Furthermore,the manipulator is equipped with a sensor system including a unique ultra-sonic probe array and an underwater camera.Autonomous grasp strategy based multi-sensor is studied.The results of watertight test in 40 MPa,joint’s efficiency test and autonomous grasp experiments in tank are also presented.     

A hierarchical real-time control architecture for a semi-autonomous underwater vehicle

This paper describes a real-time control architecture for Dual Use Semi-Autonomous Underwater Vehicle (DUSAUV), which has been developed at Korea Research Institute of Ships and Ocean Engineering (KRISO) for being a test-bed of development of underwater navigation and manipulator technologies. DUSAUV has three built-in computers, seven thrusters for six DOF motion control, one 4-function electric manipulator, one ballasting motor, built-in power source, and various sensors. A supervisor control system with GUI and a multi-purpose joystick is mounted on the surface vessel and communicates with vehicle through a fiber optic link. Furthermore, QNX, one of real-time operating system, is ported on the built-in control and navigation computers for real-time control purpose, while Microsoft OS product is ported in the supervisor computer for GUI programming convenience. A hierarchical control architecture, which consists of application layer, real-time layer and physical layer, has been developed for efficient control system of above complex underwater robotic system. The experimental results with implementation of the layered control architecture for various motion control of DUSAUV in an ocean engineering basin of KRISO is also presented.     

Control synthesis and adaptation for an underactuated autonomousunderwater vehicle

The motion of an autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) is controllable even with reduced control authority such as in the event of an actuator failure. In this paper we describe a technique for synthesizing controls for underactuated AUV's and show how to use this technique to provide adaptation to changes in control authority. Our framework is a motion control system architecture which includes both feed-forward control as well as feedback control. We confine ourselves to kinematic models and exploit model nonlinearities to synthesize controls. Our results are illustrated for two examples, the first a yaw maneuver of an AUV using only roll and pitch actuation, and the second a “parking maneuver” for an AUV. Experimental results for the yaw maneuver example are described     

Development of MSP430-based ultra-low power expandable underwater acoustic recorder

Reducing overall power consumption is core issue in low power, high sampling rate, large storage data loggers necessary for long-term underwater acoustics research and other applications. A low-power microprocessor MSP430 offers a solution for the development of long-term deployment remote systems. In this paper, we present a multi-MSP430, master-slave architecture to resolve the power limitation issue. The proposed design is scalable in nature. For every additional slave unit installed in the array, the data sampling and streaming rate can be increased proportionally. We demonstrate the advantages of this concept using a multi-channel underwater acoustic recorder with a 100 kHz sampling rate. The performance of the system is demonstrated by a field acoustic experiment in which the reflection coefficient of the seafloor is measured. The proposed architecture will be applicable to many underwater long-term deployment systems. With its flexibility in configuration and synchronization of multi-channel sampling, it also provides a simple architecture for the construction of hydrophone arrays.     

On-line learning control of autonomous underwater vehicles usingfeedforward neural networks

A neural-network-based learning control scheme for the motion control of autonomous underwater vehicles (AUV) is described. The scheme has a number of advantages over the classical control schemes and conventional adaptive control techniques. The dynamics of the controlled vehicle need not be fully known. The controller with the aid of a gain layer learns the dynamics and adapts fast to give the correct control action. The dynamic response and tracking performance could be accurately controlled by adjusting the network learning rate. A modified direct control scheme using multilayered neural network architecture is used in the studies with backpropagation as the learning algorithm. Results of simulation studies using nonlinear AUV dynamics are described in detail. The robustness of the control system to sudden and slow varying disturbances in the dynamics is studied and the results are presented     

海底观测系统关键技术研究

为实现海底观测系统长期连续观测,设计一套基于水下接驳技术的的海底观测系统水槽工程样机,通过分析海底观测系统的体系结构,结合在研项目的技术经验,详细论述的开发过程中涉及到的海底观测系统关键技术如电能传输与转换技术、信息传输与管理技术、机电集成封装技术、状态监测与控制技术、防护结构的三防设计等关键技术,通过水槽试验,验证了海底观测系统工程样机可以在水槽环境下吃寻正常工作,并得到了具有指导意义的结论,为实现海况的海底观测网络的连续观测提供了技术支撑。     

Lifetime Prolonging Algorithms for Underwater Sensor Networks

1.IntroductionRecent advances in acoustic communication,sensor networks and ad hoc networks have motivatedthe development of UASNs which are generallyformed by a surface station,autonomous underwater ve-hicles(AUVs)and sensor nodes that possess sensing,si…     

Investigation on a two-part underwater manoeuvrable towed system

A hydrodynamic model of a two-part underwater manoeuvrable towed system is proposed in which a depressor is equipped with active horizontal and vertical control surfaces, and a towed vehicle is attached to the lower end of a primary cable. In such a system the towed vehicle can be manoeuvred in both vertical and horizontal planes when it is towed at a certain velocity and the coupling effect of excitations at the upper end of the primary cable and disturbances of control manipulations to the towed vehicle can be reduced. In the model the hydrodynamic behavior of an underwater vehicle is described by the six-degrees-of-freedom equations of motion for submarine simulations. The added masses of an underwater vehicle are obtained from the three-dimensional potential theory. The control surface forces of the vehicle are determined by the wing theory. The results indicate that with relative simple control measures a two-part underwater manoeuvrable towed system enables the towed vehicle to travel in a wide range with a stable attitude. The method in this model gives an effective numerical approach for determining hydrodynamic characteristics of an underwater vehicle especially when little or no experimental data are available or when costs prohibit doing experiments for determining these data.     

水下升降式准实时通信潜标控制系统研制

为实现长期、连续、定点、低成本的上层海洋垂直剖面要素的准实时观测,提出了一种以STM32单片机(microcontroller unit,MCU)为主控器、采用国产温盐深传感器(conductivity temperature depth,CTD)和声学多普勒剖面流速仪(acoustic doppler current profilers,ADCP)等仪器进行剖面观测、搭载铱星通信模块或其他通信设备、适用于近海和远海的低功耗水下升降式准实时通信潜标控制系统设计方案。介绍了潜标的结构组成、控制系统硬件和软件设计,以及服务器接收软件的设计;实现了基于无线双向通信的数据补发机制和对潜标的远程控制;提出了一种适用于霍尔无刷直流电机(hall brushless direct current motor,HBLDCM)的堵转保护方法。近海和远海试验表明,该型潜标可以实现海洋垂直剖面的连续观测和数据的准实时传输,验证了潜标控制系统设计方案的可行性与稳定性。