地理教学

K901 2004042650试论高校地理专业人文地理学的教学改革二On the teachingrefoml of human geography in institutions of higher己ucation/陆林,凌善金…//人文地理一2003,18(5)一65一69 依据7所高校地理专业课程设置的分析,可以发现我国高校地理专业人文地理学课程体系基本形成,《人文地理学》、《经济地理学》、《中国地理》、《世界地理》等课程成为人文地理学的核心课程.《人文地理学》的课程性质决定了它在人文地理学课程群中的总括地位,该课程的教学重点应该在于阐述人文地理学的基本理论、基本方法.课程性质和教学重点对教材提出了…     

地理教学

P208 2004031765GIS专业人才的素质特征、知识结构与培养方案研究=Re-search on the diathesis,拓刃wl司ge strueture and edueat,011 pro-『翻翎eofGISprol邸iona坛/李满春,戴威巍…//地理与地理信息科学一2004,20(2)一26一29 指出,GIS学科特点与GIS专业人才的社会需求,论述了GIS专业人才素质特征,分析了GIS专业人才的基本知识结构,提出了 Gls专业人才的接养方案.图5表1参21(白识英)I‘侣娜42.3 2004031766高师GIS专业课程体系构建与课程设里研究=Studyoncou~syst现structure andcou~setting in Normal Univer-康yGls孵ialty凋…     

沙漠化及其防治

习44 2004010139基于土地利用结构变化的沙漠化动态评估:以内蒙古自治区奈曼旗为例=D”〕amicass~nt ford~tificatlon bas司on the ehanges in landuse strueture:an eXanlplefi℃nl NaimanQi of the Inne:MOngOlia,China/吴薇,倪晋仁…//北京大学学报.自然科学版一2003,39(4)一481一488 介绍了沙漠化土地的动态评估方法及应用,讨论了土地利用结构评估区域沙漠化的可行性.指出,此方法有助减少人员投人,工作量和周期、野外考察和资料收集,提高对沙摸化时空分布,环境和经济影响等的评估效率;另一方面,更适合对较大范围沙漠化土地状态的评…     

地理教学

C642006010007对地理信息系统专业教学系统构建的思考=Thinking ofconstructingteachingsystemof GIS major/刘劲松∥河北师范大学学报.自然科学版.—2005,29(5).—530~533论述了地理信息系统专业教学系统的内涵,分析了综合型课程体系的建立.指出,以“通才教育”为基本出发点,构建GIS专业课程体系;以数据库原理为核心课程,推动GIS专业课程体系建设;整合GIS教学资源,注重理论和实践课程的平衡,帮助学生形成完整的双基能力,切实提高GIS本科专业教学水平.图4参12(白世英)HBP208,G633.552006010008数字地球技术支持下的地理协作学习模…     

Land use change in Bohai Rim: a spatial-temporal analysis

Land use change is one of the important aspects of global change[1-3]. The Bohai Rim is a hot spot of economic development in China, where land use changes remarkably. Analyzing land use change in this area is significant to the research of global change and regional sustainable land use. Although there has been much work undertaken on regional land use change in China, it was mainly on urban land use change[4-11], and few researches integrated remote sensing and GIS method. Based on data f…     

Regional features of the temperature trend in China based on Empirical Mode Decomposition

By the Empirical Mode Decomposition method, we analyzed the observed monthly average temperature in more than 700 stations from 1951–2001 over China. Simultaneously, the temperature variability of each station is calculated by this method, and classification chart of long term trend and temperature variability distributing chart of China are obtained, supported by GIS, 1 km×1 km resolution. The results show that: in recent 50 years, the temperature has increased by more than 0.4℃/10a in most parts of northern China, while in Southwest China and the middle and lower Yangtze Valley, the increase is not significant. The areas with a negative temperature change rate are distributed sporadically in Southwest China. Meanwhile, the temperature data from 1881 to 2001 in nine study regions in China are also analyzed, indicating that in the past 100 years, the temperature has been increasing all the way in Northeast China, North China, South China, Northwest China and Xinjiang and declining in Southwest China. An inverse ‘V-shaped’ trend is also found in Central China. But in Tibet the change is less significant.     

地图与遥感

F25 2004010796从地图到地理信息系统与虚拟地理环境:试论地理学语言的演变=Frolll ma哪toGISandV(;E:adiscussionontheevo- ·94lution of theg姚rap瓦c language琳辉,龚建华…//地理与地理信息科学一2003,l9(4)一18一23 阐述了地理学语言的演变,虚拟地理环境(认子E).指出,虚拟地理环境正在成为众多科学技术领域中的研究对象,尽管目前仍然有许多理论和技术问题需要去探索和完善,但是,它作为从地图与GIS基础上发展出来的地理学新一代语言还是值得我们期待的.图4表2参14(崔建军)I侣P208 2004010797基于数字地球的全球变化研究=Study of…     

近50年中国光合有效辐射的时空变化(英文)

Based on long-term measurement data of weather/ecological stations over China,this paper calculated and produced annually-and seasonally-averaged Photosynthetically Active Radiation(PAR) spatial data from 1961 to 2007,using climatological calculations and spatialization techniques.The spatio-temporal variation characteristics of annually-and seasonally-averaged PAR spatial data over China in recent 50 years were analyzed with Mann-Kendall trend analysis method and GIS spatial analysis techniques.The results show that:(1) As a whole,the spatial distribution of PAR is complex and inhomogeneous across China,with lower PAR in the eastern and southern parts of China and higher PAR in the western part.Mean annual PAR over China ranges from 17.7 mol m-2 d-1 to 39.5 mol m-2 d-1.(2) Annually-and seasonally-averaged PAR of each pixel over China are averaged as a whole and the mean values decline visibly with fluctuant processes,and the changing rate of annually-averaged PAR is-0.138 mol m-2 d-1/10a.The changing amplitudes among four seasons are different,with maximum dropping in summer,and the descending speed of PAR is faster before the 1990s,after which the speed slows down.(3) The analysis by each pixel shows that PAR declines significantly(α=0.05) in most parts of China.Summer and winter play more important roles in the interannual variability of PAR.North China is always a decreasing zone in four seasons,while the northwest of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau turns to be an increasing zone in four seasons.(4) The spatial distributions of the interannual variability of PAR vary among different periods.The interannual variabilities of PAR in a certain region are different not only among four seasons,but also among different periods.     

沙漠化及其防治

】勺42 .73,TP甲53 2003010158阿拉善东南部自然环境演变与地面流沙路径的分析=Thephysi司envirD~ent evolution and trajectoriesof击ift Sandinsoutheastern川xa of China汪心源,王飞跃…//地理研究一2002,21(4)一479一486 阿拉善东南部包括腾格里和吉兰泰两区.腾格里和吉兰泰两区在晚更新世均是一个湖域广阔的淡水大湖.之后,吉兰泰大湖和腾格里大湖在封闭状态下,一方面因气候转为干早、蒸发致使湖域减小直至完全干涸,露出的湖底在风的吹蚀作用下形成沙漠;另一方面在“狭管效应”作用下,由吉兰泰西部来自雅玛雷克沙漠和在腾格里西部来…     

地理教学

P208,G4 2003010012地理信息系统专业教育的实践与思考=GIS Speciality:teaching and sonle discussions/钱乐祥,秦奋…//测绘科学一2002,27(1)一54一58 结合河南大学设置地理信息系统本科专业的具体实践,分析了集计算机技术、测绘科学、遥感、应用数学、信息科学、地球科学于一身的交叉学科—地理信息系统的应用领域、前景及其对社会经济发展的重要意义.探讨了地理信息系统专业人才的培养模式,提出了在加强基础理论教育的基础上,应加强专业素质教育,强调包括思想素质在内的综合素质培养.讨论了开展该专业教学的内容和方法,认为在教学中…     

海洋资源

F061.5,K9012007010700关于我国海洋经济地域系统时空特征研究=Research on the characters of space and time of marine economic areal system in China/张耀光,刘锴…∥地理科学进展.—2006,25(5).—47~55分析了中国海洋资源、海洋产业以及海洋经济的发展过程,海洋经济在国     

中国不同区域能源消费碳足迹的时空变化(英文)

Study on regional carbon emission is one of the hot topics under the background of global climate change and low-carbon economic development, and also help to establish different low-carbon strategies for different regions. On the basis of energy consumption and land use data of different regions in China from 1999 to 2008, this paper established carbon emission and carbon footprint models based on total energy consumption, and calculated the amount of carbon emissions and carbon footprint in different regions of China from 1999 to 2008. The author also analyzed carbon emission density and per unit area carbon footprint for each region. Finally, advices for decreasing carbon footprint were put forward. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) Carbon emissions from total energy consumption increased 129% from 1999 to 2008 in China, but its spatial distribution pattern among different regions just slightly changed, the sorting of carbon emission amount was: Eastern China > Northern China > Central and Southern China > Southwest China > Northwest China. (2) The sorting of carbon emission density was: Eastern China > Northeast China > Central and Southern China > Northern China > Southwest China > Northwest China from 1999 to 2003, but from 2004 Central and Southern China began to have higher carbon emission density than Northeast China, the order of other regions did not change. (3) Carbon footprint increased significantly since the rapid increasing of carbon emissions and less increasing area of pro-ductive land in different regions of China from 1999 to 2008. Northern China had the largest carbon footprint, and Northwest China, Eastern China, Northern China, Central and Southern China followed in turn, while Southwest China presented the lowest area of carbon footprint and the highest percentage of carbon absorption. (4) Mainly influenced by regional land area, Northern China presented the highest per unit area carbon footprint and followed by Eastern China, and Northeast China; Central and Southern China, and Northwest China had a similar medium per unit area carbon footprint; Southwest China always had the lowest per unit area carbon footprint. (5) China faced great ecological pressure brought by carbon emission. Some measures should be taken both from reducing carbon emission and increasing carbon absorption.     

农业地理

F2902006010366城市生态农业及其在我国发展的意义=Urban biological a-griculture and the i mportance of development in China/陈书琴∥安庆师范学院学报.社会科学版.—2005,24(1).—104~106现代农业新技术使城市生态农业的发展成为可能.城市生态农业具有体验农业、农业科技园、第三世界市区规划三种模式.我国发展城市生态农业可以解决当前农业发展的突出问题,具有经济、环保生态、社会文化及国防等方面的意义.参13(广兵)BeS8122006010367甘南高寒草地畜牧业的可持续发展=The sustainable devel-opment of alpine grassland husbandr…     

Spatial quality： analysis of China＇s eco-environmental 1990-2010

Over the past two decades in China, stress on the environment has increased continuously. This paper will assess the change in environmental quality over time, and its spatial variation using data from the statistical yearbooks of 31 provincial administrative regions in 1990, 1995, 2000, 2005, and 2010. These books provide a general assessment of the environment at the provincial level, and the three major economic regions from western to eastern China. By using the geographic information system （GIS） and SPSS, we analyzed the changing trend of China＇s eco-environment and calculated the changing trajectory in the gravity center of the eco-environmental quality. We conclude the following. （1） From 1990 to 2010, the rate of deterioration of the environment went down. We argue that the cause of this trend was neither the result as ＂the deterioration trend was under control＂ noticed by the government departments concerned, nor ＂the deterioration rate of the environment was increasingly intensified＂ suggested by many researchers. （2） Since 1990, the general environment has been worsening in China, but it was improved in some regions; however, the ecological deficit is still expanding and will last for a long time. （3） From western to eastern China, the deterioration rate of environmental quality was slowed down. The reasons include a good natural environment, a developed regional economy, and technology and finance in eastern China. （4） After extensive economic development in China, there are imbalances of population, economy, society, and the environment in the 31 provincial regions. The governments at all levels should play an important role in research and protecting the environment. In addition, it is imperative to implement positive measures such as controlling population, improving the environment, and promoting smart development to balance the socio-ecological system.     

经验模态分解下中国气温变化趋势的区域特征

By the Empirical Mode Decomposition method, we analyzed the observed monthly average temperature in more than 700 stations from 1951-2001 over China. Simultaneously, the temperature variability of each station is calculated by this method, and classification chart of long term trend and temperature variability distributing chart of China are obtained, supported by GIS, 1 kmxl km resolution. The results show that： in recent 50 years, the temperature has increased by more than 0.4~C/10a in most parts of northern China, while in Southwest China and the middle and lower Yangtze Valley, the increase is not significant. The areas with a negative temperature change rate are distributed sporadically in Southwest China. Meanwhile, the temperature data from 1881 to 2001 in nine study regions in China are also analyzed, indicating that in the past 100 years, the temperature has been increasing all the way in Northeast China, North China, South China, Northwest China and Xinjiang and declining in Southwest China. An inverse ‘V-shaped’ trend is also found in Central China. But in Tibet the change is less significant.     

1982-2006年中国东部春季植被变化(英文)

Vegetation greenness is a key indicator of terrestrial vegetation activity. To under-stand the variation in vegetation activity in spring across eastern China (EC), we analysed the variation in the Normalised Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) from April to May during 1982-2006. The regional mean NDVI across EC increased at the rate of 0.02/10yr (r2=0.28; p=0.024) prior to 1998; the increase ceased, and the NDVI dropped to a low level thereafter. However, the processes of variation in the NDVI were different from one region to another. In the North China Plain, a cultivated area, the NDVI increased (0.03/10yr; r2=0.52; p<0.001) from 1982 to 2006. In contrast, the NDVI decreased (-0.02/10yr; r2=0.24; p=0.014) consecu-tively from 1982 to 2006 in the Yangtze River and Pearl River deltas, two regions of rapid urbanisation. In the eastern region of the Inner Mongolian Plateau and the lower reaches of the Yangtze River in East China, the NDVI increased prior to 1998 and decreased thereafter. In the Hulun Buir area and the southern part of the Yangtze River Basin, the NDVI increased prior to 1998 and remained static thereafter. The NDVI in the grasslands and croplands in the semi-humid and semi-arid areas showed a significant positive correlation with precipitation, while the NDVI in the woodlands in the humid to semi-humid areas showed a significant positive correlation with temperature. As much as 60% of the variation in the NDVI was ex-plained by either precipitation or temperature.     

云GIS的内涵与研究进展

云计算将是下一代计算平台,云计算的发展必将带动与计算科学密切相关的地理信息系统学科的发展.本文采用文献分析方法综述了云计算的特征、云GIS内涵、关键技术和科学问题,指出云GIS是利用云基础设施获得大规模计算能力来解决GIS中海量空间数据的分布式存储、处理任务划分、查询检索、互操作和虚拟化等关键性科学问题,提高GIS 数据处理与管理能力,为计算密集型和数据密集型的各类GIS 服务提供高性能处理的技术.其基本内涵是空间数据的云特征,空间数据管理中的云计算特征.同时指出云GIS 将彻底突破GIS 既有的“专业圈子”,实现GIS自身的革命性突破,极大地扩展其市场规模.然后,本文介绍了云GIS平台,指出云GIS发展中的优势与不足;最后,从云GIS模式技术发展趋势、应用需求及教育专业需求3个方面展望了中国云GIS的研究进展.     

基于PnET-CN模型的亚热带人工针叶林生产力与固碳潜力模拟研究

A generalized, lumped-parameter ecological model PnET-CN was calibrated and validated for a subtropical coniferous plantation in southern China. PnET-CN model describes the biogeochemical cycles of carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) and can assist in estimating carbon sequestration potential. For validation of PnET-CN, data from coniferous forest plantations in southern China was used. Simulated daily gross primary productivity (GPP) from 2005 to 2007 agreed well with observations (R2=0.56, S.D.=0.009). Simulations of monthly soil res-piration (Rs) from 2005-2007 agreed well with Rs observations (R2=0.67, S.D. =0.03). Simu-lated annual net primary productivity (NPP) from 1998-2006 was 803 33 gCm 2a 1, about 4% higher than NPP observation (752 51 gCm 2a 1). Simulations of annual NEP from 2005 2007 only overestimate 9 gCm 2a 1 (4%), 4 gCm 2a 1 (1%) and 34 gCm 2a 1 (8%) compared to NEP observations, respectively. Simulated annual foliar N concentration (FolNCon) (1.09%) is 10% lower than observed monthly FolNCon (0.87%-1.58%). Simulated annual N leaching (0.26 gNm 2) is about 10% lower than leaching observation (0.29 gNm 2). PnET-CN model valida-tion indicates that PnET-CN is capable to simulate daily GPP, annual NPP, annual NEP, monthly Rs, annual FolNCon and annual nitrate N leaching for subtropical coniferous planta-tions in southern China. The results obtained from the validation test revealed that PnET-CN model can be used to simulate carbon sequestration of planted coniferous forests in southern China to a high level of precision. Sensitivity analysis suggests that great care should be taken in developing generalizations as to how forests will respond to a changing climate. PnET-CN performed satisfactorily in comparison to other models that have already been calibrated and validated in coniferous planted subtropical forests in China. Based on PnET-CN validation and its comparison to other models, future improvement of PnET-CN should focus on seasonal foliar N dynamics and the effects of water stress on autotrophic respirations in subtropical coniferous plantations in southern China.     

第4届青藏高原国际学术研讨会在拉萨市召开

Organized and hosted by Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) and the Government of the Tibet Autonomous Region of China, the 4th International Symposium on the Tibetan Plateau was held in Lhasa, China on August 4-7, 2004.     

The 4th International Symposium on the Tibetan Plateau in Lhasa, China

Organized and hosted by Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) and the Government of the Tibet Autonomous Region of China, the 4th International Symposium on the Tibetan Plateau was held in Lhasa, China on August 4-7, 2004.The Symposium was undertaken by the Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, CAS, the Bureau of Science and Technology under the Tibet Autonomous Region, China Society on the Tibetan Plateau, and the Institute of Plateau Meteorology. Academician Sun Honglie to…