2000年上半年全世界地震灾害综述

２０００年１～６月份全球地震活动水平为中等编高,但地震灾情较轻,半年内共发生Ｍ≥６地震７６次,其中Ｍ≥７地震８次,Ｍ≥８地震１次,全世界地震共计造成１７３人死亡,１０００多人受伤,经济损失约１亿～２亿美元,重大灾害地震主要发生在印度尼西亚。     

1996年上半年世界地震灾害综述

１９９６年上半年全世界共发生６级以上地震５８次，其中７级以上地震１０次，成灾的地震１０次，死亡人数总５１０人，伤约１．５万人，经济损失为８３亿－１００亿元人民币。其中我国境内灾害地震３次，死亡人数共计３４９人，伤约１．４５万人，经济损失约７８亿元人民币。我国因地震死亡的总人数约占全世界地震     

1998年上半年全世界地震灾害综述

１９９８年上半年全世界共发生ＭＳ≥６地震３６次。全世界地震造成的死亡人数总计为９７９４人,伤１５１７３人;经济损失为５．３亿～８．１亿美元。１９９８年上半年全世界地震活动总水平与去年同期相同,但灾情较重于去年同期。主要灾害地震发生在阿富汗、土耳其、玻利维亚和中国张北－尚义地区。在南极海域地区发生８级大地震。     

1999年上半年全世界地震灾害综述

１９９９年上半年全世界地震灾害总水平偏低,共发生Ｍｓ≥６地震４９次,其中Ｍｓ≥７地震３次。全世界地震造成的死亡人数总计为２１２８人,伤约６０００人;经济损失约１０亿美元。主要灾害地震发生在哥伦比亚、阿富汗、印度、伊朗和墨西哥 。     

1997年上半年世界地震灾害综述

１９９７年上半年全世界共发生Ｍｓ≥６地震４１次，其中Ｍｓ≥７有３次，成灾有１３次。全世界死亡人数总计为２７４２人，伤８３７３人；经济损失为４亿￣８亿美元。主要灾害地震发生在伊朗、巴斯斯坦、印度和我国新疆伽师地区；从全世界范围看，１９９７年上半年地震灾情并不严重。     

1997年全世界灾害地震综述

１９９７年全世界共发生ＭＳ≥６地震９５次,较大灾害地震１１次,死亡人数总计２８８２人,伤９４８３人,经济损失约２４０亿美元。     

1998年全球地震活动综述

１９９８年第四季度,全球共发生６级以上地震１１次,其中１１月２９日塞兰海地震为７．７级,地震频度低而强度高。１９９６￣１９９８年,全球地震活动呈逐年下降趋势。１９９８年全年共发生６级以上地震（包括深震）７８次,其中有２次７．７级以上大地震。本年度６级以上浅源地震频数继续减少,全年只有６４次。１９９６￣、９９８年,Ⅰ带和Ⅱ带地震活动逐年减弱;亚欧带有起伏,１９９７年最高,１９９８年回落。中国大陆地震     

2001年上半年全世界地震灾情综述

2001年1－6月全世界发生的较重大灾害地震共计8次，地震共计造成17759人死亡，953人失踪，15．9万人受伤，经济损失约163．3亿美元。重大灾害地震发生在印度。     

2003年上半年全世界灾害性地震综述

2003年1～6月全球地震活动水平为中等偏低，地震灾情属于中等偏重。上半年全世界共发生M≥6地震68次，其中M≥7地震7次。地震造成约2468人死亡．12930多人受伤，经济损失约8亿美元。重大灾害地震发生在土耳其和阿尔及利亚。     

经济发达地区地震预报的困难与对策

1979年 7月 9日江苏溧阳 6 .0级地震造成 31 5 9人死亡 ,损坏房屋 5 5万多间 ,直接经济损失约 2 .4亿元 ,相当于当时溧阳县工农业年总产值的一半左右。 1 990年 2月 1 0日江苏常熟 5 .1级地震造成 2 6人伤亡 ,损坏房屋 1 0万多间 ,直接经济损失达 1 .3亿元以上 ,为全国同级别地震损失之最 (楼宝堂 ,1 996 )。随着社会经济的发展和城市化进程的加快 ,发生在大中城市和人口稠密、经济发达地区的破坏性地震 ,造成的灾害损失呈明显上升趋势。据震害预测 ,目前江苏陆地上若发生 1次 5级左右地震 ,直接经济损失可达 1 0亿元以上 ;若发生1次 6级左…     

A Monte Carlo study of rainfall forecasting with a stochastic model

A procedure for short-term rainfall forecasting in real-time is developed and a study of the role of sampling on forecast ability is conducted. Ground level rainfall fields are forecasted using a stochastic space-time rainfall model in state-space form. Updating of the rainfall field in real-time is accomplished using a distributed parameter Kalman filter to optimally combine measurement information and forecast model estimates. The influence of sampling density on forecast accuracy is evaluated using a series of a simulated rainfall events generated with the same stochastic rainfall model. Sampling was conducted at five different network spatial densities. The results quantify the influence of sampling network density on real-time rainfall field forecasting. Statistical analyses of the rainfall field residuals illustrate improvement in one hour lead time forecasts at higher measurement densities.     

Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration Aims And Scope

正This journal is established by the Institute of Engineering Mechanics(IEM),China Earthquake Administration,to promote scientific exchange between Chinese and foreign scientists and engineers so as to improve the theory and practice of earthquake hazards mitigation,preparedness,and recovery.To accomplish this purpose,the journal aims to attract a balanced number of papers between Chinese and     

Foreword

Destructive earthquakes have caused great damage in China and the United States and collapsing buildings havecaused many deaths and injuries. The field of earthquake engineering studies earthquake hazards, the occurrence ofearthquakes of various magnitudes, the nature of the ground shaking during an earthquake, the vibration of structuresduring earthquakes, the strengthening of existing structures and the design of new structures to be earthquake resistant,and finally, how to cope with earthquake damage and restore a city to normal functioning. Such efforts are in progressin both countries, but unfortunately, the language barrier interferes with the free flow of information between China andthe Untied States. It would be mutually beneficial if some means could be developed to promote the exchangeof information across the Pacific Ocean. This new journal has been established for this purpose and its success willbe an important step in promoting earthquake engineering in China and the United States.     

WORLD ASSOCIATION FOR SEDIMENTATION AND EROSION RESEARCH(WASER)

正President:Giampaolo Di Silvio,Italy Vice Presidents:Ulrich C.E.Zanke,Germany Zhao-yin Wang,China The World Association for Sedimentation and Erosion Research(WASER),inaugurated on Oct.19,2004,is an independent non-governmental,non-profit organization.The mission of WASER is to promote international co-operation on the study     

Enhancing remote sensing research on global change to improve our understanding on Earth system processes

正Global Change includes climate change and other environmental changes caused by the joint interaction among various layers of Earth. From the positive side, global change provides new opportunities to human and other living forms on Earth. In the meantime, it creates tremendous challenges and negative impact. At present, the negative impacts have reached all primary processes of the global ecosystem and every aspect of human society, especially causing degradation of the ecosystem. For instance, intensive deforestation causes decline of biodiversity; global warming causes sea level rise and increases     

SCIENCE CHINA Earth Sciences SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 57(2014)

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