新丰江水库三维速度结构和震源参数的联合反演

本文对ACH方法做简化处理,先以一个地震为单元形成子矩阵,并将慢度扰动用一平均量来代替;在修正参数时,震源部分按常规进行,对慢度部分则利用代数重建技术将其分配到各个块体上.数值模拟结果表明,该方法能很好地反演震源位置和速度结构.运用新丰江遥测台网的数据进行研究,表明地震强活动区位于大坝附近,特别是在人字石断裂和高寨断裂的交汇处,震源集中沿罗坑—双下、葫芦凹—燕岩和黄竹蒿3条地震带,呈密集的高倾角分布,地震活动主要与北北西向构造和东西向构造有关,而与地表甚为发育的北东东向构造关系不大.速度图像中的低速区对应地表的破碎区,即地震带区域,也是该区重磁异常急剧变化的区域;而高速区内地震较少.上述特征同水的渗透作用有密切关系.     

中国东部地区上地幔的三维P波速度结构

本文应用Aki等的三维反演方法,反演了中国东部地区大尺度上地幔三维P波速度结构,其中采用了300个远震事件在所研究区域(100°—125°E,20°—45°N)的50多个台站的P波到时残差。结果表明:(1)中国东部地区上地幔横向不均匀性至少深达680公里,其中40—400公里范围内的结构具有共同特点,仍保持有地表大地构造的痕迹,400公里深度以下,不均匀性逐渐减小,地表构造痕迹消失。(2)存在一条北北东走向的深层构造带将中国东部地区分成两部分,西部速度稳定、偏高,东部速度复杂,低速高速随深度变化而交替出现。     

黄土高原及邻区地壳P波速度结构

利用地震波走时联合反演算法(改进型最短路径算法)进行三维弯曲地震射线追踪正演,以及共轭梯度法求解带约束的阻尼最小二乘问题进行反演,同时更新速度模型和地震震中位置,结合地方震和区域地震走时资料得到了黄土高原(含汾渭断陷盆地)及邻区地壳三维P波速度结构.其横向变化结果表明,研究区地壳内的P波高速异常区与其内的地震活动构造带相一致,地震多发生在P波高速异常区的边缘或高、低速异常区的交汇处.秦岭山区和鄂尔多斯块体东南区为P波低速异常区.而垂向变化结果则表明研究区存在低速异常区.     

黄土高原及邻区地壳P波速度结构

利用地震波走时联合反演算法(改进型最短路径算法)进行三维弯曲地震射线追踪正演, 以及共轭梯度法求解带约束的阻尼最小二乘问题进行反演, 同时更新速度模型和地震震中位置, 结合地方震和区域地震走时资料得到了黄土高原(含汾渭断陷盆地)及邻区地壳三维P波速度结构. 其横向变化结果表明, 研究区地壳内的P波高速异常区与其内的地震活动构造带相一致, 地震多发生在P波高速异常区的边缘或高、 低速异常区的交汇处. 秦岭山区和鄂尔多斯块体东南区为P波低速异常区. 而垂向变化结果则表明研究区存在低速异常区.      

P波走时反演安徽地区地壳速度结构

本文用P波走时反演了安徽地区的地壳速度结构和地壳厚度,对二层模型和三层模型分别进行了计算,对计算结果进行比较,得到了较为可靠的二层速度模型、地壳厚度以及地壳底部P波速度,并对不同模型造成的差异原因进行了分析。     

海南岛及邻区地壳三维P波速度结构

利用海南岛及邻区1999——2005年9个地震数字化台站记录到的3 500余条区域初至波到时资料,确定了海南岛及邻区地壳三维P波速度结构. 结果表明,该区域浅部上地壳的波速异常与地表地质构造有一定的相关性,即王五——文教断裂带以北地区波速较低,而以南地区为相对高的波速异常区. 这与琼北地区为凹陷、并伴有多期火山活动和较高的地热背景,而琼中南地区为较稳定的隆起等构造特征相一致. 在其中下地壳,琼东地区相对琼西地区波速较低,可能暗示了地幔热物质上涌等动力学过程. 波速异常分布模式还暗示出北西向断裂带(如铺前——清澜断裂带)较浅,而近东西向的王五——文教断裂带较深,有可能延伸至莫霍面或更深.      

晋冀蒙交界地区地壳三维P波速度结构及地震活动性研究

2014年9月晋冀蒙临时地震台网正式运行,为晋冀蒙交界地区的地震研究提供了丰富的资料。结合临时台与固定台记录的P波走时资料,采用双差层析成像方法对该区进行地震重定位和三维P波速度结构联合反演,分析该区3个典型盆地的速度扰动结果,结果表明,地震重定位残差显著降低,震源深度分布更加合理;P波速度浅层基本符合平原地区低速、山区高速的特点,深层则有相反表现,典型盆地P波速度在浅层较为复杂,高低速相间,深层表现为低速;研究时段内忻定盆地和延怀盆地地震活动密集,大同盆地地震活动较弱,低速体及边缘地震活动强度高于高速体及边缘。     

新丰江水库中上地壳P波三维速度结构特征及库水的渗透影响

利用震源位置和速度结构的联合反演得到2007年6月-2014年7月新丰江水库地区地震序列的震源位置及中上地壳P波三维速度结构模型,并进一步研究库区序列分布及速度结构特征.结果显示：库区中上地壳不同深度P波速度存在显著横向不均匀性,浅部库区速度高于周缘,在5~10 km上地壳从库坝下游白田至库尾锡场NW方向存在高速异常体以及2个低速间断区域,低速间断区分别位于人字石断裂与南山-坳头断裂交汇处以及1962年6.1级地震震源区,库水可能沿低速间断区的人字石断裂、石角-新港-白田断裂下渗至13~14 km的地壳.在10~14 km地壳以NE走向的大坪-岩前断裂为界,NW侧为最高速度6.2 km·s^-1的高速区域,SE侧从库区中部回龙至库坝下游白田为显著低速异常区域,是可能的库水渗透影响区域,亦是库区中强地震集中区.库区地震多发生在高速体内部、高低速过渡带或低速的渗水通道两侧.

     

福建地区地壳上地幔顶部三维速度 结构及构造意义

地壳介质的非均一性对反演上地幔顶部速度和地壳厚度具有重要影响。文中对福建地区地壳上地幔顶部的速度结构进行联合反演,结果显示福建地区地壳浅层主要以高速异常特征为主,与区域内山脉特征相对应,而在中下地壳主要以低速异常为主,区域内速度异常与区域断裂构造密切相关。该结论进一步证实沿政和-大埔断裂带存在低速带,但低速异常主要出现在深20～30km的中下地壳部分,与前人所得的低速异常区相比范围更大,出现深度更深。联合反演结果显示福建陆域地壳厚度为28～35km,地壳在沿海地区偏薄,向内陆逐渐变厚,与接收函数的结果较为一致,且发现沿永安-晋江断裂东侧存在显著的地壳减薄特征。上地幔顶部速度结果显示在政和-大埔断裂带西侧以高速异常为主,在福州盆地及沿海区域表现为低速异常。     

青藏高原北缘地区上地幔P波速度结构

本文利用长周期P波波形资料,通过拟合理论地震图的方法研究了青藏高原北缘东侧区和西侧区的上地幔P波速度结构。结果表明,在这两个区域的上地幔结构中均存在P波低速层,且盖层的厚度较薄,在405km和670km深处均有P波速度的一级间断面。在670km深处这两个地区的速度结构仍有差异。     

3D P-wave Velocity Structure and Active Tectonics in the Xinfengjiang Area of Guangdong

In this paper,we determined an earthquake sequence location in the Xingfengjiang area from June,2007 to July,2014 and the 3 D P-wave velocity structure by a simultaneous inversion method. On that basis,we studied the occurrence features of active tectonics and the earthquake source mechanism. The results show that the reservoir fracture system has a tendency to increase with gradual depth from southeast to northwest,consistent with gravitational field research results. There are 4 high velocity zones( HVZ) under the depth of the 7 km-12 km crust between the Xinfengjiang Reservoir dam and Xichang District,Dongyuan. The max velocity of the biggest HVZ which is under Xichang is 6. 3 km/s. Under the reservoir dam there is a strong tectonic deformation zone,as the center exit Renzishi fault( F_2),Nanshan-Aotou faults( F_4),Heyuan fault( F_1) and Shijiao-Xingang-Baitian fault( F_5),7 earthquakes with M_L≥ 5. 0( including M 6. 1 in March,1962) occurred at the high gradient zone of the HVZ Ⅲ and HVZ Ⅳ edge which has been under the reservoir dam since 1960, with relativity energy releasing more thoroughly. Moderate seismic activity occurred at the HVZ Ⅰ edge which has been under Xichang since 2012,and is a danger zone for M5. 0 earthquakes in the future.     

Earthquake relocation and 3-dimensional crustal structure of P-wave velocity in cen-tral-western China

IntroductionUnderstandingthemechanismofcontinentalearthquakesisveryimportantforseismichaz-ardpreventionandearthquakeprediction.Themodernseismotectonictheoryandtheideaofearthquakepredictionaredevelopedmainlyfromthestudiesoninterplateearthquakes,whicharedifficulttoexplainthephenomenaofintraplateearthquakes,suchasthecontinentalearthquakesoccurredinChinesemainland.Whiletheinterplateearthquakesoccurredalongtheplatebounda-ries,theintraplateearthquakesdistributediffuselyintheinterioroftheplates.Thus…     

Inversion of single-station teleseismic P-wave polarization data for the velocity structure of Beijing area

Broadband three-component seismic data recorded by Beijing station (BJI) of CDSN were used to calculate P-wave polarization of teleseismic events. These polarization data were then used in the inversion for the underground structure around the Beijing station, especially for the details of velocity discontinuities. The result shows that a conspicuous low velocity zone exists in the crust on the west of the station, which is in good agreement with previous studies. It proves the theory that polarization data could be applied to inversion for velocity structures, especially for boundaries with large velocity gradient. It also demonstrates the feasibility of velocity structure inversion with polarization data from high-quality broadband data recorded by a single station. Therefore, travel-times and polarization data can be jointly used to study velocity structure. Polarization data are more suitable for delineating the boundary of velocity anomalies. Moreover, if the polarization method is combined with receiver function method to fully exploit their complementarity, it is possible to obtain the lateral velocity variation around the station as well as the detailed vertical variation below the station.     

1927年古浪8级大震及其周边地区三维地壳P波速度结构特征

本文联合利用甘肃及周边测震台网记录的古浪及周边地区4592次地震的P波绝对到时资料和相对到时资料,采用双差地震层析成像方法反演了古浪震源区高分辨率的三维P波速度精细结构.结果显示,浅部P波速度分布与地表地质之间具有很好的对应关系.皇城—双塔断裂带在6 km以上深度表现为高速异常带,而在6~15 km逐渐转换为明显的低速特征,之后再次转换为高速体.震区下部在10~20 km深度有一个尺度约200 km²的低速异常体,地震发生时破裂首先在该低速体发生,与主震空间位置非常吻合.主震区的岩石结构主要由奥陶纪变质砂岩、石英岩和加里东期的花岗岩等坚硬岩体组成.这种坚硬岩体对应的P波速度结构为高速体,有利于能量积累.武威盆地在20 km以上深度表现为明显的低速异常,在25 km深度之下,整体显示为高速体,表现出稳定块体的特征.表明武威盆地中下地壳和上地幔顶部已插入到冷龙岭隆起带之下.震区小震重新定位发现,皇城—双塔断裂带东、西两段表现出不同的力学运动性质,西段以逆冲运动为主,地震主要发生在断裂的下盘.而东段地震却主要发生在上盘,断层活动以局部拉张为主.我们还首次发现在皇城—双塔断裂带的中段与主破裂呈垂直方向存在有在主震发生时新产生的一条共轭断层,基于小震的断层面参数反演显示该断裂是一高倾角运动性质以右旋为主兼具正断的断裂.

     

青藏高原P波速度层析成像与岩石圈结构

利用中国西部地震台网的数据,通过体波层析成像反演了青藏高原及邻域的三维P波速度结构.根据地壳和上地幔的速度变化和构造特征,重点讨论了下地壳流动、地幔上涌、岩石圈减薄以及与藏北新生代火山岩和藏南裂谷系的关系等问题.分析表明,青藏高原中、下地壳平均速度偏低,低速区主要分布在拉萨和羌塘块体内部,随着深度的增加逐渐扩大到松潘—甘孜块体.上述低速区之间多被高速带分隔,暗示地壳中、下部的韧性变形被限制在特定的区域,不太适于产生贯穿整个青藏高原的大规模横向流动.此外,地幔上涌也并非普遍发生于整个青藏高原,而是集中在羌塘、松潘—甘孜以及喜马拉雅东构造结附近,导致上述区域的岩石圈地幔较薄,并且伴生火山活动和岩浆作用.此外,由于印度大陆岩石圈在向北俯冲,板片下沉过程中引起地幔上涌,热流物质有可能上升进入地壳,这一作用对藏北新生代火山岩和藏南裂谷系的形成以及中、下地壳的韧性变形产生了明显的影响.

     

荣昌及邻区上地壳三维地壳速度结构

经中国地震台网中心测定,北京时间2016年12月27日8时17分,重庆荣昌区发生MS 4.9地震,震中位于四川盆地东缘华蓥山基底断裂系中北段.该区域历史地震活动性较弱,20世纪80年代末,受天然气田废水回注影响,4.0级地震频发,截至2020年12月,已发生14次MS≥4.0地震.中等地震频发,被认为是人为注水使得中等...     

P-wave velocity structure beneath reservoirs and surrounding areas in the lower Jinsha River

The lower reaches of the Jinsha River are rich in hydropower resources because of the high mountains, deep valleys, and swift currents in this area. This region also features complex tectonic structures and frequent earthquakes. After the impoundment of the reservoirs, seismic activity increased significantly. Therefore, it is necessary to study the P-wave velocity structure and earthquake locations in the lower reaches of the Jinsha River and surrounds, thus providing seismological support for subsequent earthquake prevention and disaster reduction work in reservoir areas. In this study, we selected the data of 7,670 seismic events recorded by the seismic networks in Sichuan, Yunnan, and Chongqing and the temporary seismic arrays deployed nearby. We then applied the double-difference tomography method to this data, to obtain the P-wave velocity structure and earthquake locations in the lower reaches of the Jinsha River and surrounds. The results showed that the Jinsha River basin has a complex lateral P-wave velocity structure. Seismic events are mainly distributed in the transition zones between high- and low-velocity anomalies, and seismic events are particularly intense in the Xiluodu and Baihetan reservoir areas. Vertical cross-sections through the Xiangjiaba and Xiluodu reservoir areas revealed an apparent high-velocity anomaly at approximately 6 km depth; this high-velocity anomaly plays a role in stress accumulation, with few earthquakes distributed inside the high-velocity body. After the impoundment of the Baihetan reservoir, the number of earthquakes in the reservoir area increased significantly. The seismic events in the reservoir area north of 27° N were related to the enhanced activity of nearby faults after impoundment; the earthquakes in the reservoir area south of 27° N were probably induced by additional loads (or regional stress changes), and the multiple microseismic events may have been caused by rock rupture near the main faults under high pore pressure.