干酪根催化加氢热解技术在白云凹陷油源分析中的应用

针对白云凹陷钻遇文昌组及恩平组泥岩受油基或烃水基泥浆污染严重,无法准确界定源岩生烃潜力与母质类型,导致研究区烃源潜力尚待落实;油藏原油及气藏凝析油成熟度跨度大且遭受次生改造严重,应用生物标志物浓度法在判别该区原油、凝析油成因及主力油源岩可靠性差的问题,本次研究采用干酪根催化加氢热解技术,从催化加氢热解产物及原油和凝析油正构烷烃单体碳同位素组成特征进行分析,获取泥浆污染烃源岩样品原始地球化学信息,判识原油及凝析油成因及来源.研究表明,白云凹陷发育半深湖相、浅湖相及海相或海侵泥岩,文昌组半深湖相源岩为非藻类勃发湖盆型泥岩,正构烷烃单体碳同位素值分布在?33‰ ～ ?30‰之间,文昌组、恩平组浅湖相源岩沉积环境及生源构成整体相似,正构烷烃单体碳同位素值主体分布在?30‰ ～ ?28‰之间,但文昌组与恩平组泥岩在高碳数部分正构烷烃单体同位素组成上具有一定差异性,海相/海侵泥岩分布于恩平组,以具有重的碳同位素组成为特征,正构烷烃单体碳同位素值分布于?28‰ ～ ?25‰之间;白云凹陷不同区带油藏原油及气藏凝析油正构烷烃单体碳同位素组成特征具有高度的一致性,指示为浅湖相成因来源,文昌组浅湖相源岩可能为其主力油源岩,半深湖相及海相或海侵泥岩基本无成藏贡献.     

柴达木盆地西部第三系咸水湖相原油地球化学特征

在系统分析柴达木盆地西部各油田40余个原油样品碳同位素和饱和烃、芳烃组成的基础上,全面剖析了该地区第三系湖相原油的地球化学特征.研究结果表明,这些原油具有特殊的碳同位素组成和异常的生物标志物分布.其全油碳同位素偏重(-26‰～-24‰);正构烷烃系列单体烃碳同位素分布曲线呈水平状,表现出类同于海相有机质的碳同位素组成特征.它们的生物标志物中正烷烃系列兼具奇碳和偶碳优势双重碳数分布模式;呈强植烷优势,Pr/Ph值大多<0.6;伽玛蜡烷普遍异常丰富,C35藿烷含量高,表征高盐、厌氧的咸水湖相沉积环境性质.芳烃组份以萘、菲系列为主,而二苯并噻吩等含硫有机化合物相对含量较低,反映该地区咸水湖相原油源岩沉积相的特殊性.柴西各油田原油地球化学参数在区域上呈规律性变化趋势,与其源岩沉积相的时空变迁相一致.     

柴达木盆地北缘原油中单体正构烷烃的碳、氢同位素组成研究

以柴达木盆地北缘不同构造带代表性原油作为研究对象,采用GC-TC-IRMS技术对原油中正构烷烃单体碳、氢同位素进行测定。利用样品正构烷烃单体碳、氢同位素组成特征及分布模式,进行原油成因类型划分和对比分析。研究结果表明,正构烷烃可溶有机质的δ13C分布在-36‰～-25‰,δD分布在-180‰～-110‰。对比发现,不同构造带原油中正构烷烃单体碳、氢同位素组成特征上存在着比较明显的差别。以-30‰（δ13C）和 -140‰（δD）作为分界,结合同位素曲线的分布型式,可以划分为不同的分布模式判识生烃母质和沉积环境。     

吐哈盆地煤成油的同位素地球化学证据

分析了吐哈盆地原油和下侏罗统煤系源岩全烃、族组分和正构烷烃分子碳同位素 ,并与国内外已知煤成油进行了对比研究 ,旨在为吐哈盆地煤成油提供同位素地球化学证据。研究表明 :吐哈盆地原油 δ13C分布于 - 2 5.1‰～ - 2 7.8‰之间 ,平均值 - 2 6.6‰ ( 4 7) ;与中下侏罗统煤系源岩氯仿沥青“A”δ13C分布范围和平均值基本一致 ;与国内外已知煤成油 δ13C可以对比 ;原油 δ13C饱 分布于 - 2 5.2‰～ - 2 8.2‰之间 ,平均值 - 2 6.9‰ ( 2 8) ;δ13C芳 位于 - 2 4 .7‰～ - 2 7.1‰范围 ,平均值在- 2 5.9‰ ( 2 7) ;δ13C非 的分布范围为 - 2 5.1‰～ - 2 7.3‰ ,平均值 - 2 6.3‰ ( 2 6) ;δ13C沥 分布在- 2 5.2‰～ - 2 8.1‰范围 ,平均值 - 2 6.9‰ ( 2 1) ;与氯仿沥青“A”族组分 δ13C的分布范围与平均值基本相似 ;与我国已知煤成油 δ13C饱 和 δ13C芳 的分布范围和平均值也类似 ;原油正构烷烃分子碳同位素具有随碳数增大而变轻的特征 ;C7～ C2 7正构烷烃δ13C大致分布于 - 2 2‰至 - 32‰之间 ;氯仿沥青“A”正构烷烃分子碳同位素基本落在原油正构烷烃分子碳同位素的分布范围内 ;与我国已知煤成油类似 ,因此 ,吐哈盆地原油确系煤成油     

初论原油单体烃系列碳同位素分布特征与生油环境之间的关系

生油盆地主要分为陆相和海相环境，陆相盆地主要有淡水－微咸水、淡水和半咸水－咸水三种湖相沉积环境，其中不同沉积相中有机质类型和丰度不同，这反映在它们所形成原油的单体烷烃碳同位素分布上有区别。高等植物出现前后的海相沉积油源岩中有机质类型有着较为明显的差别，泥盆纪以前的成油母质以细菌、蓝绿藻等原核生物为主，而石炭纪以后以真核生物（包括浮游植物、浮游动物等）为主，这样它们所形成原油的单体烃类碳同位素分布各     

柱色谱分离-分子筛络合洗脱过程中正构烷烃单体碳同位素分馏研究

应用气相色谱-气体同位素质谱(GC-C-IRMS)分析正构烷烃单体碳同位素之前,需要对饱和烃样品中正构烷烃和异构烷烃进行预分离、富集,在预分离和富集过程中正构烷烃单体碳同位素是否发生分馏是高精度分析正构烷烃单体碳同位素比值(δ~(13)C)的关键。本文以正构烷烃混合溶液为对象,利用柱色谱、5■分子筛络合、环己烷-正戊烷混合溶剂两次洗脱,GC-C-IRMS分析正构烷烃单体碳同位素,研究前处理过程中正构烷烃单体碳同位素是否发生分馏。结果表明:使用柱色谱分离前后,多数正构烷烃单体碳同位素比值相差-0.2‰～0.2‰;当5■分子筛不完全络合时,未络合的正构烷烃单体碳同位素比值偏重约0.7‰,可能发生了微弱的碳同位素分馏,但并未影响洗脱后的正构烷烃单体碳同位素比值;使用环己烷-正戊烷混合溶剂洗脱前后,碳同位素比值相差-0.2‰～0.5‰,以同样方式洗脱第二次,获得的正构烷烃单体碳同位素比值与模拟样品相差-0.3‰～0.2‰。分析不同回收率(20%)正构烷烃的单体碳同位素比值,处理前后的差值基本在0.3‰以内,可见当正构烷烃回收率低至20%左右时,其单体碳同位素仍未发生明显分馏。柱色谱分离-5■分子筛络合-混合溶剂洗脱方法适用于回收率大于20%的正构烷烃单体碳同位素分析。     

辽河西部凹陷古潜山原油及其源岩的分子碳同位素地球化学

以辽河西部凹陷潜山带原油及其源岩为例,系统研究了正构烷烃、异戊二烯烷烃、异构与反异构及藿烷系列化合物的碳同位素组成与分布特征,探讨了其相互关系及生源-环境因素的影响。各系列化合物的分子碳同位素组成的变化具有较好的相关性,反映了沉积体系中生源-环境因素的系统变化。应用各系列分子碳同位素组成相关分析有效地区分了不同潜山带原油的油源差异。原油正构烷烃较异戊二烯烷烃碳同位素偏正0.5‰～5.0‰、姥鲛烷较植烷偏正0.4‰～1.4‰,指示了甲烷生成菌对植烷的重要贡献;C21 长链异戊二烯烷烃较植烷系列碳同位素偏正0.5‰～2.0‰,表明其生源存在差异。异构及反异构烷烃与其他系列化合物碳同位素的对比显示了蓝细菌对这类化合物的重要贡献。C31 藿烷较C30藿烷富集13C达10‰～12‰,指示其生源不同,13C强烈损耗型C30藿烷(-61.2‰～-51.8‰)主要衍生于嗜甲烷菌,它们生存于Es4期强烈分层水体中的缺氧/有氧界面。Es3油源油中正构烷烃碳同位素特别偏正,且异构、反异构烷烃及藿烷碳同位素都明显偏正,综合反映了蓝细菌的重要贡献,而干酪根碳同位素明显偏正及4-甲基甾烷相对富集指示了沟鞭藻对沉积有机质的重要贡献。     

渤海湾盆地渤中凹陷原油地球化学特征研究

渤海湾盆地油气资源十分丰富、类型多样。通过对渤中凹陷19个原油样品地球化学特征的系统研究,揭示了该区不同类型、不同性质原油在物理性质、化学组成、生物标志物分布与组成、正构烷烃单体烃碳同位素等方面的差异。研究表明,渤中凹陷存在凝析油、正常油和生物降解原油。凝析油具有低密度、低粘度、低含蜡、饱和烃含量高,非烃、沥青质和芳烃含量低的特征,生物降解原油则反之。凝析油和生物降解原油中的重排补身烷丰度都大于8β（H）-补身烷的丰度,C24四环萜烷丰度低。渤中凹陷原油正构烷烃单体烃碳同位素组成分为两类：一类具有较轻的碳同位素组成,其同位素值介于-2．75％～-2．95％之间;另一类的碳同位素组成则较重,一般介于-2．40％--2．75％之间。     

哈得逊与轮南地区原油碳同位素特征及影响因素

轮南地区与哈得逊地区20个原油的全油碳同位素和正构烷烃单体烃碳同位素的分析结果表明:轮南地区原油的全油碳同位素均大于-32‰,而哈得逊地区原油的全油碳同位素一般小于-32‰;原油正构烷烃单体烃碳同位素也表现出轮南地区重于哈得逊地区的特征。两地区原油碳同位素的这种特征是由于两地区油气成藏过程的差异造成的,轮南地区原油碳同位素比哈得逊地区的原油碳同位素重的主要原因是由于来源于寒武系降解原油的混入,而非油源不同造成的。     

中国几个盆地原油轻烃单体和正构烷烃系列分子碳同位素研究

本文采用最新的GC/C/MS在线碳同位素分析技术,分析研究了鄂尔多斯、四川、塔里木等盆地原油及凝析油轻烃单体和正构烷烃系列分子碳同位素特征及分布模式。探讨了不同结构烃分子及同结构不同碳数烃分子之间碳同位素分配的某些规律。研究了一些典型成因原油轻烃单体和正构烷烃系列分子碳同位素特征及分布模式,为该项新技术在油气研究与勘探中的应用奠定了基础。同时在一些原油的成因上取得了新认识。     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

Définition d'une limite multicritère ; stratigraphie du passage Campanien–Maastrichtien du site géologique de Tercis (Landes,SW France)Definition of a multi-criteria boundary; stratigraphy of the Campanian–Maastrichtian interval of the geological site at Tercis (Landes,SW France)

Lithostratigraphy, physicochemical stratigraphy, biostratigraphy, and geochronology of the 77–70 Ma old series bracketing the Campanian–Maastrichtian boundary have been investigated by 70 experts. For the first time, direct relationships between macro- and microfossils have been established, as well as direct and indirect relationships between chemo-physical and biostratigraphical tools. A combination of criteria for selecting the boundary level, duration estimates, uncertainties on durations and on the location of biohorizons have been considered; new chronostratigraphic units are proposed. The geological site at Tercis is accepted by the Commission on Stratigraphy as the international reference for the stratigraphy of the studied interval. To cite this article: G.S. Odin, C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 409–414.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Late Wuchiapingian (Late Dzhulfian,early Late Permian) limestone olistolites within the Tertiary flysch of Glypia Unit (Mount Parnon,central–eastern Peloponnesus,Greece)

Some olistolites reworked in a Tertiary flysch of Mount Parnon (Peloponnesus, Greece) exhibit a Late Permian assemblage, dominated by Paradunbarula (Shindella) shindensis, Hemigordiopsis cf. luquensis and Colaniella aff. minima. This association corresponds to the Late Wuchiapingian (=Late Dzhulfian), a substage whose algae and foraminifera are generally little known. Contemporaneous limestones crop out in the middle part of the Episkopi Formation in Hydra, but they are rather commonly reworked in Mesozoic and Cainozoic sequences. The palaeobiogeographical affinities shared by the foraminiferal markers of Greece, southeastern Pamir, and southern China, are very strong (up to the specific level), and are congruent with the Pangea B reconstructions. To cite this article: E. Skourtsos et al., C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 925–931.     

PALEONTOLOGY

正20141596 Liu Yunhuan(School of Earth Sciences and Resources,Chang’an University,Xi’an 710054,China);Shao Tiequan Early Cambrian Quadrapyrgites Fossils of Xixiang Boita in Southern Shaanxi Province(Journal of Earth Sciences and Environment,ISSN1672-6561,CN61-1423/P,35(3),2013,p.39-43,3 illus.,20 refs.)     

GEOCHEMICAL EXPLORATION

正20141719 Chen Zhijun(State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources,China University of Geosciences,Wuhan 430074,China);Chen Jianguo Automated Batch Mapping Solution for Serial Maps:A Case Study of Exploration Geochemistry Maps(Journal of Geology,ISSN1674-3636,CN32-1796/P,37(3),2013,p.456-464,2 illus.,2 tables,10 refs.)     

MICROPALAEONTOLOGY

正20140962 Chen Fenning(Xi’an Institute of Geology and Mineral Resources,Xi’an710054,China);Chen Ruiming Late Miocene-Early Pleistocene Ostracoda Fauna of Gyirong Basin,Southern Tibet(Acta Geologica Sinica,ISSN0001-5717,CN11-1951/P,87(6),2013,p.872-886,6illus.,56refs.)     

PETROLOGY

正1.IGNEOUS PETROLOGY20142008Cai Jinhui(Wuhan Center,China Geological Survey,Wuhan 430205,China);Liu Wei Zircon U-Pb Geochronology and Mineralization Significance of Granodiorites from Fuzichong Pb-Zn Deposit,Guangxi,South China(Geology and Mineral Resources of South China,ISSN1007-3701,CN42-1417/P,29(4),2013,p.271-281,7illus.,     

ENVIRONMENTAL GEOLOGY

正20141205Cheng Weiming(State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System,Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research,CAS,Beijing 100101,China);Xia Yao Regional Hazard Assessment of Disaster Environment for Debris Flows:Taking Jundu Mountain,Beijing as an     

PROSPECTING EXPLORATION

正20141266Fan Chaoyan(Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Mineral Resources and Geological Processes,Guangzhou 510275,China);Wang Zhenghai On Error Analysis and Correction Method of Measured Strata Section with Wire Projection Method(Journal of