BOOK REVIEWS

Book reviewed in this article:
AAPG Atlas of Oil and Gas Fields–Structure Traps II: American Association of Petroleum Geologists.
Three-dimensional Seismic Data: AAPG memoir 42, 2nd edition, American Association of Petroleum Geologists.
Deposition of organic facies: AAPG Studies in Geology No. 30; American Association of Petroleum Geologists.     

Chinese Items

Abstract

Arroyos and Environmental Change in the American South-West. By Ronald U. Cooke and Richard W. Reeves. Oxford Research Studies in Geography. London and New York: Clarendon Press, Oxford University Press, 1976. Pp. xii + 213, $18.75.

Uganda: The Asian Exiles. By Thomas and Margaret Melady. Maryknoll, N.Y.: Orbis Books, 1976. Pp. 86, $6.95.

Urban Japan: Its Foundations and Growth. By David Kornhauser. The World's Landscapes, ed. J. M. Houston. London and New York: Longman, 1976. Pp. xiii + 180, $15.00 and $7.50.

Our Landed Heritage: The Public Domain, 1776–1970. 2nd ed. By Roy M. Robbins. Lincoln, Nebr.: University of Nebraska Press, 1976.

The North American City. By Maurice Yeates and Barry Garner. 2nd ed. New York: Harper &; Row, 1976. Pp. xxv + 512, $13.95.

The Reasons for the Seasons: The Great Cosmic Megagalactic Trip Without Moving from your Chair. By Linda Allison. New York: Little, Brown and Company, 1975. Pp. 128, $6.95 and $3.95.     

人文与经济地理学的传承与创新：青年学者的责任

2018年1月27-28日,人文与经济地理学青年论坛暨第二届中国科学院区域可持续发展分析与模拟重点实验室青年论坛在北京国家会议中心成功举办。青年论坛以“人文与经济地理学的传承与创新：青年学者的责任与行动”为主题。莅临会场的院士、前辈和主管部门领导纷纷表示鼓励、支持和关怀青年人才的更快更好的成长。在这样的背景下,以这次青年论坛主题为题,在新时代传承和创新人文与经济地理学,青年学者责无旁贷,追寻地理学家的精神,集中探讨青年学者的责任与行动,展示人文与经济地理青年学者的思考和风采。     

RECENT PUBLICATIONS

Books reviewed in this article: Analytical Tools Communication Networks: Toward a New Paradigm for Research . Everett M. Rogers and D. Lawrence Kincaid . Spatial Statistics . Brian D. Ripley . Industrial Location and Regional Systems: Spatial Organization in the Economic Sector . John Rees , Geoffrey J. D. Hewincs , and Howard A. Stafford , eds. Industrial Location: An Economic Geographical Analysis , 2nd ed. David M. Smith . Environmental Management and Resources The Protection of Farmland: A Reference Guidebook for State and Local Governments . Robert E. Coughlin , John C. Keene , J. Dixon Esseks , William Toner , and Lisa Rosennburger . Human Geography The Human Experience of Space and Place . Anne Buttimer and David Seaman , eds. Times, Spaces, and Places . Don Parkes and Nicel Thrift . Philosophy and Geographic Thought Geography, Ideology and Social Concern . D. R. Stoddart , ed. Physical Geography Soil Genesis and Classification . S. W. Buol , F. D. Hole , and R. j. Mccracken . Population and Migration An Introduction to Population Geography . William F. Hornby and Melvyn Jones . Regional and Urban Planning Territory and Function: The Evolution of Regional Planning . John Friedmann and Clyde Weaver . Regional Geography Regional Development in Western Europe , 2nd ed. Hugh D. Clout , ed. Social Geography Contemporary issues in the Geography of Health Care . David R. Phillips . Urban Geography and Settlement The Geography of American Cities . Risa Palm . Cities Under Stiess: The Fiscal Crisis of Urban America . Robert W. Burchell and David Listokin , eds. The Geography of Housing . Larry S. Bourne . Patterns of European Urbanisation Since 1500 . H. Schmal , ed. The Divided Metropolis: Social and Spatial Dimensions of Philadelphia, 1800-1975 . William W. Cutler III and Howard Gillette , jr ., eds.     

滇西北纳帕海湿地区域土壤速效氮组分的分异及指示意义

对纳帕海湿地区的弃耕地-中生草甸土(AFMMS)、中生草甸土(MMS)、湿草甸土(WMS)和沼泽土(MS)的0～10 cm、10～20 cm、20～30 cm层位采样,分析各层土壤速效氮(RAN)、溶解有机氮(DbN)、铵态氮(NH4+-N)、硝态氮(N0,-N)含量.发现:本区4类土壤中,沼泽土各层速效氮素组分含量都显著高于其他3类土壤对应层的含量.4类土壤上层均为RAN和DON的主要分布层,且两者在上层的分异都为AFMMSMMS>WMS>MS,而上中层DON/IN分异为AFMMS>WMS>MMS>MS.这一研究表明,水分和植被生态分异对该湿地区土壤速效氮素组分分异具有重要影响;测得的3类速效氮素组分占RAN的比例极低,土壤中大量的易分(水)解有机氮尚待加强研究;相较于较低比例的无机氮而言,土壤中可被有效利用和易随水分运移发生流失的DON具有更重要的氮素供应和环境指示意义,湿地旱化会增加土壤DON的相对比例从而可能加剧土壤DON的流失,应加强流域中上游湿地土壤的DON动态变化研究.     

Books in Brief

Abstract

Norman J. G. Pounds. EUROPE AND THE SOVIET UNION. 2nd ed. New York: McGraw-Hill Book Company, 1966. 528 pages. $9.95.

T. R. Tregear. A GEOGRAPHY OF CHINA. Chicago: Aldine Publishing Company, 1965. 342 pages, bibliography, index. $7.95.

Michael Chisholm. GEOGRAPHY AND ECONOMICS. London: G. Bell & Sons, 1966. ix + 230 pages, 8 maps and diagrams, references. $6.50.

Charles H. Cotter. THE ASTRONOMICAL AND MATHEMATICAL FOUNDATIONS OF GEOGRAPHY. New York: American Elsevier Publishing Company, 1966. 244 pages, 52 figures. $7.00.     

2015年缅北冲突下的果敢难民空间分布特征

通过实地调研、问卷调查、深入访谈等方式,并结合GIS及统计分析法,从宏观和微观上对2015-02-09果敢冲突涌进中国的果敢难民的空间分布特征及原因进行了分析。结果表明：冲突下果敢难民主要受地理距离、政策、社会关系、经济和自然条件等因素影响,难民集中分布在果敢与中国边境交界的中国一侧。从宏观地域格局上看,难民分布的总体特征是沿边境线呈条带状的空间分布,且呈现出向中国境内纵深递减的趋势;从微观上看,主要呈现出集聚型、分散型、集聚-分散型分布的特征。     

Mapping the spatial and temporal distributions of woody debris in streams of the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem, USA

The objectives of this study were: (1) to document spatial and temporal distributions of large woody debris (LWD) at watershed scales and investigate some of the controlling processes; and (2) to judge the potential for mapping LWD accumulations with airborne multispectral imagery. Field surveys were conducted on the Snake River, Soda Butte Creek, and Cache Creek in the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem, USA. The amount of woody debris per kilometer is highest in 2nd order streams, widely variable in 3rd and 4th order streams, and relatively low in the 6th order system. Floods led to increases in woody debris in 2nd order streams. Floods redistributed the wood in 3rd and 4th order streams, removing it from the channel and stranding it on bars, but appeared to generate little change in the total amount of wood throughout the channel system. The movement of woody debris suggests a system that is the reverse of most sediment transport systems in mountains. In 1st and 2nd order tributaries, the wood is too large to be moved and the system is transport-limited, with floods introducing new material through undercutting, but not removing wood through downstream transport. In the intermediate 3rd and 4th order channels, the system displays characteristics of dynamic equilibrium, where the channel is able remove the debris at approximately the same rate that it is introduced. The spatial distribution and quantity of wood in 3rd and 4th order reaches varies widely, however, as wood is alternatively stranded on gravel bars or moved downstream during periods of bar mobilization. In the 6th order and larger channels, the system becomes supply-limited, where almost all material in the main stream can be transported out of the central channel by normal stream flows and deposition occurs primarily on banks or in eddy pool environments. Attempts to map woody debris with 1-m resolution digital four-band imagery were generally unsuccessful, primarily because the imagery could not distinguish the narrow logs within a pixel from the surrounding sand and gravel background and due to problems in precisely coregistering imagery and field maps.     

近2000年来内蒙后套平原黄河河道演变

通过遥感影像、地貌沉积、历史文献与地图等相关资料分析集成研究,将后套平原分为西部冲积扇平原,东部是泛滥冲积平原,并详细探讨了近2000年来本区黄河河道的演变。公元前2世纪时,后套西部平原南 (上) 冲积扇停止发育, 北(下) 冲积扇河道发育,黄河主河道的位置与现代不同,它偏于泛滥平原北部的阴山山前东流;公元6世纪后套平原西部北 冲积扇上黄河河道向东移,在东部泛滥平原上黄河明显地分为南北两汊,而黄河主流仍位于河套平原北部山前;18世纪早期至末期,黄河主河道从河套平原的北部山前南移至平原南部;19世纪中叶‘北河’淤塞,现代黄河形成。     

日流量视角下铁路客运网络时空格局演变——以成渝地区双城经济圈为例

基于长时序列车时刻表数据,对成渝双城经济圈内铁路客运网络可达性、铁路日流量时空特征展开分析,采用社会网络分析对铁路客运网络展开研究。结果表明：① 成渝双城经济圈铁路客运网络发展经历了双城割裂、廊道构筑与网络完善3个阶段,可达性呈现出沿双城廊道收敛的“哑铃式”空间格局,运量主轴带集聚作用显著,呈由北向南转移态势;② 经济圈铁路客运组织模式由双核扩散转变为廊道集聚扩散;③ 双核凝聚子群范围不断扩大,经济圈铁路客运网络一体化水平大幅提升。     

中国城市化进程中基础设施建设和管理的问题与对策探讨

城市基础设施是城市赖以生存和发展的基础，是既为物质生产又为人民生活提供一般条件的公共设施。城市基础设施可以推动城市化进程，同时城市化也可以影响城市基础设施的发展。在阐明城市化进程和城市基础设施关系的基础上，分析了中国城市化进程中城市基础设施建设和管理的现状，并探讨了其存在的诸多问题，认为建立多元化的投融资格局、改革政府投资的决策和管理方式、积极推进城市基础设施行业的国有企业产权转换和机制转换将是中国城市化进程中优化城市基础设施建设和管理的必要举措。     

Book reviews

Book Review in this Article
The Interior of the Earth , 2nd edn M. H. P. Bott
The Surface of Mars Michael H. Carr.     

黄河黑山峡无植被区的地表组成物质遥感信息模型

下垫面物质组成是土壤侵蚀模型最主要的输入参数。应用遥感技术提取无植被地区下垫面物质组成信息对于研究大面积土壤侵蚀是非常重要的。黄河黑山峡地区地形复杂,加之裸土、沙漠和岩石光谱的相似性与复杂性,使遥感技术在该地区的应用受到限制,但是由于地形起伏、岩石风化及表面粗糙度等因素的影响,石质山地纹理明显。综合了光谱和纹理信息特征,本文提出光谱归一化方法,并将归一化的光谱与纹理信息相结合构建了石质山地指数(RMI),应用归一化光谱进一步得到沙漠指数(DI),实现石质山地、沙漠与裸土分离。结果表明,该方法提高了信息提取的精度。     

发展乡村科学,助力乡村振兴——第二届乡村振兴与乡村科学论坛综述

2019年4月27日,第二届乡村振兴与乡村科学论坛在南京成功举行,来自全国20多个省份的近400名专家学者相聚南京师范大学,共话乡村振兴战略与乡村科学发展。本次论坛共有8个特邀专家主题报告,14个议题报告,并设置了自由讨论环节。论坛报告及专家发言观点纷呈、讨论热烈。本文从乡村科学与乡村振兴、城乡融合与乡村振兴、精准扶贫与乡村振兴、深化改革与乡村振兴、乡村重构与乡村振兴、村域发展与乡村振兴等6个方面对主要观点进行梳理,以期对新时代乡村科学的快速发展与乡村振兴的有序推进有所裨益。     

Den 22. Internationale Geografkongres i Montréal,Canada, 1972

Humlum, J., 1973: Den 22. Internationale Geografkongres i Montréal, Canada, 1972. Geografisk Tidsskrift 72, 64–67. København, September 30, 1973.

22nd International Geographical Congress. Canada 1972.     

Time and Practice: Learning to Become a Geographer

Abstract

Illustrated Dictionary of Place Names: United States and Canada. By Kelsie B. Harder. New York: Van Nostrand, 1976. Pp. xiv + 631, $18.95.

Middle America: Its Lands and Peoples. 2nd ed. By Robert C. West and John P. Augelli. Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall, 1976. Pp. xvii + 494, $14.95.

Contemporary Africa: Geography and Change. Edited by C. Gregory Knight and James L. Newman. Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall, 1976. Pp. xiv + 546, $14.95.

Atlas of Mexico. By Stanley A. Arbingast et al. 2nd ed. Austin, Tex.: Bureau of Business Research, University of Texas, 1975. Pp. ix + 165, $15.00.

Readings in Social Geography. Edited by Emrys Jones. London: Oxford University Press, 1975. Pp. 328, $18.50 and $6.95.

California: Patterns on the Land. 5th ed. By Robert Durrenberger and Robert Johnson. A California Council for Geographic Education Publication. Palo Alto, Calif.: Mayfield Publishing, 1976. Pp. viii + 134, $6.95.

Studying China in Elementary and Secondary Schools, Studying India in Elementary and Secondary Schools, and Studying Japan in Elementary and Secondary Schools. By Leonard S. Ken-worthy. World Affairs Guides. New York: Teachers College Press, 1975. Pp. 68, iii + 67, and iii + 65, $2.75 each.

World Regional Geography: A Question of Place. By Paul Ward English and James Andrew Miller. Harper &; Row Series in Geography. New York: Harper &; Row, 1977. Pp. xiii + 591, $15.95.

Census Data: Geographic Significance and Classroom Utility. Edited by Borden D. Dent. Tualatin, Oreg.: Geographic and Area Study Publications, 1976. Pp. ix + 277.

The Middle East: A Geographical Study. By Peter Beaumont, Gerald H. Blake, and Malcolm J. Wagstaff. London: John Wiley &; Sons, 1976. Pp. xvii + 572, $25.50 and $14.95.

Man's Economic Environment. By Edgar C. Conklingand Maurice Yeates. New York: McGraw-Hill Book Co., 1976. Pp. xi + 308, $11.95.

Applied Climatology: An Introduction. 2nd ed. By John F. Griffiths. New York/London: Oxford University Press, 1976. Pp. xiii + 136, $9.00.

Man and the Environment: Regional Perspectives. Edited by J. H. Holmes. Hawthorn, Victoria: Longman Australia Pty Limited, 1976. Pp. vi + 261, $7.95.

Introduction to Cultural Geography. 5th ed. By Henry M. Kendall, Robert M. Glendinning, Clifford H. MacFadden, and Craig H. MacFadden. New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1976. Pp. xx + 449, $12.95.

Interpretation of Aerial Photographs. 3rd ed. By Thomas Eugene Avery. Minneapolis, Minn.: Burgess Publishing Company, 1977. Pp. xi + 392, $14.95.

Geography of the U.S.S.R. 3rd ed. By Paul Lydolph. New York: John Wiley &; Sons, 1977. Pp. xi + 495, $18.95.     

纳帕海湿地不同退化状态下土壤有机碳素的分异特征

纳帕海湿地区4类土壤退化程度由高到低依次为:弃耕地—中生草甸土(AFMMS)、中生草甸土(MMS)、湿草甸土(WMS)和沼泽土(MS),对4类土壤0～10cm(上层)、10～20cm(中层)、20～30cm(下层)进行采样,分析土壤有机碳(SOC)、活性有机碳(LOC)和溶解有机碳(DOC)含量。结果表明:4类土壤间,除AFMMS中下层LOC含量略高于MMS对应层LOC含量外,其它各层SOC、LOC、DOC含量都为AFMMS相似文献   

DIRECTORY SUPPLEMENT

Energy intheAmerican Economy, 1856-1975: Its History and Prospects. Sam H.Schurr, Bhuce C. Netschert, andothers.

Economic Atlas of Manitoba. Thomas R. Weir.

A Hisotry of the United States Weather Bureau. Donald R. Whitnah.

Stutisticul Geography: Problems in AnalyzingAreal Data. Otis D. Duncan, Ray P. Cuzzort, and Beverly Duncan.

An Introduction to Geography. Rhoads Murphey.

A Geography of Europe Including Asiatic U.S.S.R., 2nd edition. George W. Hoffman

The West Virginia Redevelopment Plan for Webster County.

Imago Mundi: A Review of Early Cartography. Vol. XV. E.R. Skelton

Statistical Abstract of Latin America.

The West Indies Federation: Perspectives on a New Nation. David Lowenthal

A Quantitative System for Classifiying Landforms. Walter F. Woodand Joan B. Sneil.

Crossroads: Land and Life in Southwest Asia. George B. Cressey. J.B.

The Finger Lakes Region: Its Origin and Nature. O.D. von Engeln.

Essentials of Effective Writing. V.F. Hopperand C. Gale.

Practice for Effective Writing. V.F. Hopperand C. Gale.

Fundamentals of Earth Science, 2nd edition. Henry D. Thompson.

Kalahari. Jens Bjerre.

Geology: Principles and Processes, 5th cdition. W.H. Emmons, I.S. Allison, C.K. Stauffer, and G.A. Thiel.     

基于重力模型的中国城市体系空间联系与层域划分

新中国成立以来,中国大陆城市体系空间格局发生了深刻的变化。传统的城市体系空间联系主要从人流、物流、技术流、信息流、金融流进行数据的收集和分析,也有运用图论原理进行Rd链分析。近来,随着社会主义市场经济的迅速发展,城市之间的联系变得异常复杂、数据不易得到。本文试图运用重力模型方法对中国城市间的空间联系强度进行定量计算,据此刻画中国城市体系的空间联系状态和结节区结构。从研究结果看,所得结论与实际情况基本吻合。     

Roald Amundsen

Når nu i kveld de sorgtunge tanker søker ham, vår store, ensomme landsmann der nord i isen, der hans sterke ånd fant vingefang over viddene, da kommer noen linjer av Nordenlandenes dikter Service mig i hug. De kan gjengis omtrent slik: