生态屏障约束下的综合功能区划研究——以云南省昭通市为例

Ecological shelter zones reconstruction is an ecosystem restoration and conservation project aimed to the ecological safety of nations, regions and basins. Reconstruction of ecological shelter zones of the upper reaches of the Yangtze River became one of the most important tasks of Western Development strategy. This article, taking Zhaotong as an example, studies the functional regionalization of ecological shelter zones. The study supplies a case for functional regionalization of small and medium regions whose main tasks are environment reservation. With the guidance of theories of functional regionalization, and based on the analysis of Zhaotong＇s natural, ecological and socioeconomic factors, the paper suggests five principles for factors selection. These principles include： （1） reversing order evaluation; （2） selecting main factors; （3） keeping the integrality of administrative regions of towns; and （4） making the products acceptable by local government. To analyze spatial status of selected factors, LUCC data in 2002, 1：50,000 relief maps and town-unit socioeconomic statistical data in 2004 are used. RS and GIS tools are also applied to melt traditional and modern geographical methods. This would be useful to functional regionalization research in mountainous areas. As a conclusion, the leading functional regions of ecological conservation or economic development are suggested, respectively. Zhaotong city is divided into two-level functional regions. The first-level includes three leading functional regions and they will lead developing direction of sub-regions. The second-level includes eight sub-regions, which are policy implemented regions, and will supply guidance to Zhaotong＇s ecological shelter zones reconstruction.     

长江金沙江段生态屏障建设的功能区划——以昭通市为例

以昭通市为例,探讨生态屏障地区的功能区划方案。生态屏障地区是国家“十一五”规划提出的4大类功能区中的限制开发区或禁止开发区,其目标是实施以国家、区域或流域生态安全为保障的生态系统恢复和保护工程。运用功能区划的基本思想,以昭通市自然、生态与社会经济主要因子的评价为基础,借助G IS分析工具,以参评因子的空间态势为依据,划分生态保护和经济发展功能兼备的主体功能区,为在中小尺度的生态保护地区划分功能区提供了研究案例。     

综合功能区划的区域实践——以东北地区为例

我国“‘十一五’规划纲要”提出的按照主体功能区的划分对国土的开发和利用进行规划的 空间发展观对我国社会经济发展空间组织的影响将是深远的。本研究基于对东北地区空间发展 的总体情况的概观, 结合利用GIS 数据库分析所获的区域开发综合评价结果, 遵循一定的区划原 则, 获得了东北地区未来振兴的主体功能区划分的初步方案, 对于东北地区振兴规划的编制, 尤 其是空间总体布局的确立提供了重要的科学支撑, 同时本研究所遵循的“全局判断———分区评 价———方案确定”的基本框架对于其他区域主体功能区的划分具有借鉴意义。     

新时期城乡规划管理创新实证研究——以云南省昭通市为例

基于贯彻落实第四次中央城市工作会议和云南城市工作会议精神,创新城乡规划管理工作日益受到社会各界的广泛关注。从遵循城市发展规律的视角出发,运用层次分析方法研究了当前云南省城乡规划持续创新的必然性,从规划技术、政策、管理视角总结了当前云南省城乡规划工作应特别注重的问题,系统阐述了从规划智库、生态文明、空间规划、县城规划、城市双修、双新社区等全方位探索云南省城乡规划改革创新的路径及措施,并以昭通市城乡规划工作的实证案例为相关城市提供思考和借鉴。     

基于水环境约束分区的产业布局引导研究——以江苏省为例(英文)

Along with the highly speedy development of economy and society in the developed area in China,with the sharp increase in the quantity of pollutant discharge such as agricultural fertilizers,industrial wastewater and domestic sewage,the water environment has been deteriorated continuously and then become a restricting factor to regional development.For harmonizing the relationship between economic development and water environment,many countries have been attempting water environmental function zoning so as to provide a scientific basis for the basin management.However,focusing mainly on water body,these researches ignored the spatial relation between water and land as well as the restricted function of water environment on regional industrial layout.So previous index system adapted only to the environmental genes but excluded the stress genes of socio-economic development.This paper,thus,taking both the sensitivity and pressure of water environment into consideration,discusses the methods of constraint regionalization of water environment,including how to divide the assessed units,choose and manage the assessed elements.Then,as a case study,Jiangsu Province is divided into four types of areas by the method of quadrant analysis,i.e.,high-pressure and high-sensitivity area (HP-HS Area),high-pressure and low-sensitivity area (HP-LS Area),low-pressure and high-sensitivity area (LP-HS Area) and low-pressure and low-sensitivity area (LP-LS Area).Finally,this paper presents the schemes of industrial layout and the policy of industrial development direction respectively,which are very important bases for harmonizing the industrial development and the bearing capacity of water environment.     

产业结构视角下的环境污染成因分析——以甘肃为例(英文)

国内外对环境污染与经济增长之间关系研究都是从经济发展或人均收入的角度分析了经济增长导致了环境污染先恶化后改善趋势,但忽略了产业结构调整对环境污染的影响,而且也没有揭示出二者相互作用的机理。因此本文从产业结构调整的视角来分析产业结构调整与环境污染的耦合机制与演变机理,并以甘肃为例进行了实证分析,得出了产业结构调整虽然促进了经济发展,但同时也带来了巨大环境压力的结论。而且不同产业由于性质差异所产生的污染也各不相同,因此要优化产业结构,才能实现经济社会的可持续发展。     

西南山区农村生活能源消费结构的影响因素分析——以云南省昭通市为例

能源是贫困地区农户赖以生产和发展的基本生计资产,过度采伐薪柴的能源消费行为是加剧生态脆弱地区水土流失、土壤侵蚀、森林植被破坏的重要因素。西南山区既是我国贫困地区,又是生态环境脆弱地区,本文选取在西南山区经济发展水平和生态脆弱性都具有代表性的云南省昭通市为案例,基于946 份调查问卷,采用Tobit 模型对非商品性能源和商品性能源的消费比例的影响因素进行回归分析,并得出以下结论：① 地形特征对西南山区农村能源消费结构影响显著,薪柴和秸秆等非商品性能源受资源禀赋影响显著,而煤炭等商品性能源更多的是受市场距离影响。② 随着家庭人均收入的增加,非商品性能源消费比例将下降,煤炭和电力等商品性能源消费比例将上升,但是西南贫困地区由于农户生计资产有限,收入增长缓慢,能源消费结构升级艰难。③ 家庭人均教育程度的提高、从事非农产业有助于西南山区农户增加商品性能源的消费比例,从而提升能源消费结构。     

图文信息可视化系统(MFIVS)在山区综合区划中的应用——以湖南怀化市为例

概述了山地综合区划的原则和方法及图文信息可视化系统的涵义、结构、功能和建立路径。以湖南省怀化市为例,依托图文信息可视化系统(MFIVS)技术手段,对山区综合区划进行具体尝试,得到的区划结果比较客观准确,也说明该是一种简洁实用而又行之有铲的综合区划技术手段。     

主体功能优化开发县域的功能区划探索——以浙江省上虞市为例

选择典型县域,探索主体功能背景下的县域功能区划,为十二五期间我国主体功能区规划的深入实施提供借鉴,也为目前学术界有关地域功能区划的研究提供案例。本文选择空间差异显著的浙江省上虞市,探讨主体功能优化开发背景下县域功能区划的一般原则、区划思路和指标体系。基于土地开发适宜性评价,以及主要自然、人文要素空间分异的分析,按照国家主体功能区规划的部署,估测了上虞市在现状技术水平下土地开发强度的合理值,提出了2级4类的功能区划方案。     

Functional regionalization with the restriction of ecological shelter zones: A case of Zhaotong in Yunnan

Ecological shelter zones reconstruction is an ecosystem restoration and conserva-tion project aimed to the ecological safety of nations, regions and basins. Reconstruction of ecological shelter zones of the upper reaches of the Yangtze River became one of the most important tasks of Western Development strategy. This article, taking Zhaotong as an exam-ple, studies the functional regionalization of ecological shelter zones. The study supplies a case for functional regionalization of small and medium regions whose main tasks are envi-ronment reservation. With the guidance of theories of functional regionalization, and based on the analysis of Zhaotong’s natural, ecological and socioeconomic factors, the paper suggests five principles for factors selection. These principles include: (1) reversing order evaluation; (2) selecting main factors; (3) keeping the integrality of administrative regions of towns; and (4) making the products acceptable by local government. To analyze spatial status of selected factors, LUCC data in 2002, 1:50,000 relief maps and town-unit socioeconomic statistical data in 2004 are used. RS and GIS tools are also applied to melt traditional and modern geo-graphical methods. This would be useful to functional regionalization research in mountain-ous areas. As a conclusion, the leading functional regions of ecological conservation or economic development are suggested, respectively. Zhaotong city is divided into two-level functional regions. The first-level includes three leading functional regions and they will lead developing direction of sub-regions. The second-level includes eight sub-regions, which are policy implemented regions, and will supply guidance to Zhaotong’s ecological shelter zones reconstruction.     

Construction of ecological security patterns and ecological restoration zones in the city of Ningbo,China

Journal of Geographical Sciences - Studying an ecological restoration zoning process under the background of ecological security patterns is of great significance to the rapid adjustment and...     

新疆主要城市不同生态功能区夏季空气负离子特征

在不同天气状况下,对新疆8个主要城市5种生态功能区（林地、水体、景区、商业区和生活区）空气负离子浓度监测。结果表明：（1）不同生态功能区间空气负离子浓度差异显著（F=51.960,P= 0.000<0.001）,顺序为林地(431个/cm³)>景区(398个/cm³)=水体(398 个/cm³)>生活区(313个/cm³)>商业区(270 个/cm³);（2）各功能区空气负离子浓度日变化均表现为清晨和傍晚高于午间。单因素方差分析表明林地、水体和景区午间空气负离子浓度与清晨和傍晚的差异不显著,生活区和商业区差异显著;（3）景区和林地[WTBX]CI[WTBZ]值（0.50和0.49）处于中等清洁范围,属C级;水体和生活区[WTBX]CI[WTBZ]值（0.45和0.29）处于容许范围,属D级;商业区CI值（0.24）在临界值以下,属E级;（4）从林地、水体、景区、生活区到商业区,D级和E级天气所占比例不断增加,B级和C级天气不断减少,说明空气质量逐步下降;（5）不同天气状况下各功能区空气负离子均表现为雨天>晴天>阴天>沙尘（浮尘）。     

基于地貌分区的陕西省区域生态风险时空演变

论文采用“概率—损失”二维风险模型解构陕西省区域生态风险,基于地貌分区视角识别多源风险类型的同时以景观格局与生态系统服务价值为关联要素合成潜在生态损失,在此基础上分析了陕西省2000—2015年单一风险要素及区域生态风险的时空分异,并基于地貌分区视角结合重心模型探讨了生态风险的时空迁移。结果如下：① 2000、2015年陕西省多源危险度分别为0.3837、0.4558,上升18.79%,大致呈现南北高、中间低的空间格局,沿南北轴线呈现“W型”展布;潜在生态损失分别为0.5537、0.6270,上升13.24%,除高原南部与秦岭东部山区外,生态损失均呈现高值;区域生态风险分别为0.2429、0.2865,上升17.95%,空间上呈现“三高夹两低”的分布格局。② 从时序变化来看,秦巴山地保持较低风险且风险变化率较小;黄土高原与风沙过渡区变化率处于中等,后者面临较高风险;汉江盆地风险最高,该区域与关中平原分别为风险变化率的首位与次位。从生态风险重心变化趋势看,黄土高原与风沙过渡区重心均向西南移动,关中平原与秦岭山地重心东移趋势明显,汉江盆地与大巴山地重心跃向东南。     

民勤荒漠生态区划研究

民勤属于典型荒漠化地区,20世纪50年代以来,当地以造林为主防沙治沙,然而生态环境持续恶化。民勤的荒漠化形式要求我们重新审视我们的荒漠生态对策。以民勤荒漠区为例对荒漠生态区划进行了初步探索,上与综合自然区划相衔接,下与区域规划相结合,增加了生态设计的内容,区划出了人为活动的区域、范围和干预的强度,因此更具体化、更具实际操作性。提出了一些荒漠生态区划方面必须坚持的原则,在建立指标体系时,考虑了人类活动的影响和资源利用方式,以及以节水和保护水资源为中心和以封育保护为主的荒漠生态对策。     

A method for assessing regional debris flow risk: an application in Zhaotong of Yunnan province (SW China)

Based on the definitions of the United Nations, the assessment of risk involves the evaluation of both hazard and vulnerability. This forms the basis of a generalized assessment model of debris flow risk. Hazard is a measure of the threatening degree of an extreme event and is expressed theoretically as a function of event magnitude and frequency of occurrence. Mathematically, it is the definite integral area under the magnitude–frequency curve. Based on the need for a model applicable in regions that lack data, a new method that incorporates theoretical concepts with empirical analysis is presented to calculate the regional hazardousness of debris flows. Debris flow hazard can be estimated from gully density, mean annual rainfall and percentage of cultivated land on steep slope. Vulnerability is defined as the potential total maximum losses due to a potential damaging phenomenon for a specified area and during a reference period. On a regional scale, it is dependent on the fixed assets, gross domestic product, land resources and population density, as well as age, education and wealth of the inhabitants. A nonlinear, power-function model to compute the vulnerability degree is presented. An application of the proposed method to Zhaotong prefecture of Yunnan province, SW China, provides high accuracy and reasonable risk estimates. The highest risk of debris flow is in Zhaotong county with a value of 0.48; the lowest risk of debris flow is in Yanjin county with a value of 0.16. The other counties have debris flow risks ranging from 0.22 to 0.46. This provides an approach for assessing the regional debris flow risk and a basis for the formulation of a regional risk management policy in Zhaotong prefecture.     

基于GIS的多因子分析法对兰州市大气环境功能区划的研究

兰州市是全国大气污染十分严重的城市之一。因地制宜,进行城市大气环境功能分区对全市污染总量控制以及污染治理具有非常重要的意义。研究通过对影响兰州市大气质量主要因子分析,应用层次分析法(AHP)建立了大气功能区划分的多因子评价模型。并且运用GIS空间分析功能对兰州市区进行了大气污染指数模拟与功能区划,结果表明:由于受到地形因子与盛行风影响,兰州市区大气质量较差,市区中西部大部分被三类功能区覆盖。三类功能区面积约32.9 km2,约占整个兰州市城区面积的20.5%,主要分布在西固区的西北部和七里河区的西南部。二类功能区面积约122.8 km2,主要分布区域是城关区、安宁区、七里河区的东南部和西固区的东南部。结果表明该方法能定量划分大气环境功能区,证明GIS具有较为准确的空间分析与模拟功能。     

Spatial function regionalization and governance of coastal zone: A case study in Ningbo City

Reasonable development and utilization of spatial resources in the coastal zone not only affects the development quality of the marine economy but also impacts the utilization efficiency of spatial resources, playing an important role in regional sustainable development. Depending on the natural, economic, and societal characteristics of a region, research topics such as using relevant methods to divide the coastline, proper spatial development of the coast, protecting coastal zones, and achieving higher spatial resource distribution efficiency have recently become hot topics in geographic research. Most of the scholars construct the evaluation index system from the perspective of economic and ecological factors and undertake some exploration of the division methods. However, the selection of indicators for a coastal zone needs a different and more scientific approach. There is a need for emphasizing the overall strategy of land-ocean integration in developing spatial resources in a coastal zone. Taking the coastal zone in Ningbo as an example, this paper develops a new evaluation framework and spatial function regionalization method that is used to divide the coastline and coastal zone. Based on the perspective of overall strategy for the land and ocean, we evaluate the suitability of coastline development. We then propose the spatial function regionalization of the coastal zone. Finally, based on the status quo of spatial development in Ningbo, we divide the coastal zone into ecological space, production space and living space, and propose adjustment directions and control requirements for the different types of spatial layouts.