蓝藻水华对羽摇蚊(Chironomus plumosus)幼虫N2O排放通量的影响

底栖动物是湖泊生态环境的重要组成部分,在泥水界面氮循环中扮演着重要的作用,是一个潜在的N_2O排放源,但其在富营养化湖泊中N_2O排放机制还不清楚.通过室内微宇宙实验,采用气相色谱和现代分子生物学相结合的技术,研究蓝藻存在时底栖动物摇蚊幼虫排放N_2O特征及其内在生物学机制.结果显示底栖动物羽摇蚊幼虫(Chironomus plumosus)肠道是N_2O排放的主要场所,约占活体释放通量的77%.蓝藻存在时羽摇蚊幼虫的N_2O排放通量减少60%左右,肠道内细菌多样性明显下降,肠道中β-变形菌相对丰度增加21%,δ-变形菌相对丰度减少62%,从而改变肠道内细菌群落结构;同时肠道内nir S基因多样性显著增加,出现较多的nir S型反硝化菌的表型,硝酸盐的还原作用得到增强.研究结果有助于揭示富营养化湖泊底栖动物摇蚊幼虫的环境效应,丰富湖泊氮素生物地球化学循环的新过程.     

Characterization of the dynamic behavior of a concrete arch dam by means of forced vibration tests and numerical models

The characterization of the dynamic behavior of an arch dam, and its evolution throughout the structure's lifetime, provides important data for the safety control process. Forced vibration tests remain a reliable technique for this purpose. The Baixo Sabor dam is a 123 m high arch dam recently built in Portugal. Forced vibration tests were performed before and after the reservoir filling. Two techniques for forced vibration test are compared, discrete frequency scanning, the standard methodology, and continuous frequency scanning (sine sweep), a new proposed methodology, which allowed faster results without loss of precision. For the interpretation of test results two numerical models of the dam-reservoir-foundation system were built, and calibrated with the experimental data. A good match of numerical and experimental results was obtained for the six lowest frequencies and corresponding mode shapes.