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湛江港邻近海域台风浪的模拟研究 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
对第三代近岸海浪数值模式SWAN及包含的物理过程进行了简要介绍,利用该模式对影响南海湛江港海域的二次台风浪过程进行了模拟研究:由藤田台风风场模型同化相应时刻的台风要素、NCAR/NCEP网格点资料、单站观测资料后,提供模式所需风场;利用自嵌套的方式,提供模式波谱边界条件;两次模拟结果与实际海浪观测资料相符较好,可以为该海域台风浪的模拟预报提供较为重要的参考。 相似文献
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基于雷达外推和中尺度数值模式的定量降水预报的对比分析 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1
应用广东2010年出现的4次暴雨过程的气象资料,检验分析了临近预报系统(SWAN)和华南中尺度数值模式(GZMM)中的定量降水产品对晴雨及不同类型降水的预报效果,在此基础上探讨了临近预报系统和数值模式在0~6 h范围内的预报能力的交叉点。结果表明:首先,对于晴雨预报,SWAN系统中降水产品随着预报时效的增加预报效果呈现出减弱的趋势,且高分辨(0.02°)产品的下降速度要快于低分辨率(0.12°);GZMM降水产品(0.12°)在1~3 h预报能力逐步提升,在4~6 h维持相对稳定的水平。对于分辨率同为0.12°的SWAN系统和GZMM模式产品,在第1和第2 h,SWAN产品的CSI评分分别为0.504和0.442,高于GZMM的0.306和0.375,但从第3小时开始GZMM产品CSI评分略高于SWAN产品,表明此后华南中尺度数值模式对晴雨的预报能力优于SWAN系统,交叉点介于2~3 h。其次,进一步检验了上述产品对弱降水(1小时雨量为0.1~2 mm)、一般性降水(2~10 mm)和较强降水(超过10 mm)的预报能力。对于弱降水,GZMM产品CSI评分在0~6 h维持在0.23,高于SWAN产品,表明GZMM模式对于弱降水的预报能力在整体上要强于SWAN系统。对于一般性降水,在0~3 h,分辨率为0.12°的SWAN产品CSI评分高于GZMM产品;两者的CSI评分曲线的交叉点介于3~4 h,即从第4小时开始,GZMM降水产品预报效果更好。对于较强降水,无论是SWAN系统还是GZMM模式,预报能力都呈现出明显的减弱;但SWAN系统在整体上对强降水的预报能力要优于GZMM模式。 相似文献
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针对汕尾遮浪海域亚运水上赛场处于近岸浅水区的特点,基于目前国际上先进的近岸及沿岸第3代浅水波浪模式SWAN,建立了高分辨率海浪数值预报模式,并在2009年11月的亚运演练中进行实时预报试验。预报试验结果显示:(1)海浪数值预报模式依赖海面风场的预报,在海面风场预报比较好的情况下,模式可以预报出冷空气影响的海浪浪高趋势变化,但是模式预报浪高与浮标观测值相比偏小;(2)初始浪谱对0~12 h的海浪预报具有明显的影响作用;(3)浮标观测数据显示该海域的风浪关系复杂,需要进一步加强研究。 相似文献
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基于欧洲中期天气预报中心(European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts, ECMWF)、中国国家气象中心业务运行的中尺度数值预报系统(Global/Regional Assimilation and Prediction Enhanced System Meso, GRAPES-Meso)、美国国家环境预报中心(National Centers for Environmental Prediction, NCEP)的全球预报系统(Global Forecast System, GFS)、GRAPES全球预报系统(GRAPES-GFS)4个模式风场预报资料,利用双线性、反距离加权、三次样条、克里格等插值方法对华东及周边地区(110°~130°E,20°~40°N)2020年1—4月逐日地面和高空风0~72 h集合预报资料进行降尺度处理,得到满足机场及终端区气象保障的精细化风场预报。此外,还对精细化风场预报做多模式集成。结果表明,对于风场的精细化格点预报,反距离加权插值方法误差最小,为最优水平插值方法。基于扩展复卡尔曼滤波的多模式集成... 相似文献
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本文通过分析"神舟六号"飞船着陆时期WRF模式对主着陆场区的风场及其影响系统的模拟结果, 发现WRF模式对主着陆场区的地面风速、风向的预报,WRF模式输出的850 hPa 模拟风场对100 m高度以下浅层风的最大风速及其风向的预报,结果均比较理想;WRF模式输出的300 hPa 高度风速、风向的模拟结果和急流轴的强度、位置模拟结果,与高空7~12 km最大风速及其风向的相关性较好,可作为预报指标;模式对风场的主要影响系统东北低压加深东移和蒙古高压的演变模拟基本准确.本模式能够作为未来客观预报主着陆场区地面和高空风场一种新的技术手段和工具. 相似文献
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建立一个模拟夏杂下垫面风场的中尺度模式,利用该模式对贵阳市地面风场进行实况模拟,计算结果与客观实际相吻合,说明该模式具有较好的模拟能力。该模式模拟的风场可以作为大气扩散研究的初始风场,对今后发市将开展的大气污染状况预报工作有实际意义。 相似文献
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强对流天气短时临近预报系统(Severe Weather Automatic Nowcasting,SWAN)是面向短时临近监测、分析、预报、预警制作等功能为一体的业务平台。SWAN2.0基于MICAPS4(Meteorological Information Comprehensive Analysis and Processing System Version 4.0,人机交互气象信息处理和天气预报制作系统)二次开发框架,采用C/S架构,服务器部署在省级,负责收集数据,运算SWAN产品;客户端部署在气象台站,实现具体的预报业务,并形成算法二次开发接口。SWAN2.0新增了三维变分风场反演、基于分雨团技术的雷达降水估测、冰雹识别等方法,实现了算法管理、产品生成、分析处理、资料检索显示、实时监控报警、预警产品制作等功能。SWAN2.0业务系统已在全国试用,在强对流天气监测、分析和短时临近预报预警中发挥了重要作用。 相似文献
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为客观评价不同的数值模式对山东沿海风的预报性能,结合中国气象局降水分级预报评分办法,定义了一种风力预报分级检验办法.对MM5、WRF-RUC和T639模式在山东沿海9个精细化海区代表站的日最大风速预报进行了检验,结果发现:各模式普遍存在对于小风天气预报偏大、大风天气预报偏小的特点.T639模式风力预报偏弱,因此,对于4级以下的风预报评分较高,而对于8级以上大风几乎没有预报能力.MM5和WRF-RUC模式对于4级以上的较强风力的预报结果明显好于T639模式,其中WRF-RUC模式预报准确率稍高于MM5模式,但风力越大,各模式均漏报越多.各模式分析场以及24 h风力预报与实况的一致性检验表明:5级以下的风力,MM5和WRF模式预报风力与实况基本为一致,但对于6级以上的大风,MM5模式预报较分散,WRF模式预报更接近实况风力.综合各模式对于风力预报的平均绝对误差,WRF-RUC模式预报误差最小,具有较高的参考价值.MM5模式预报准确率稍低于WRF-RUC模式,且存在一定的不稳定性. 相似文献
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Duanjun Lu L. White R. S. Reddy Quinton L. Williams Paul J. Croft 《Meteorology and Atmospheric Physics》2011,111(3-4):75-90
Three models, MM5, COAMPS, and WRF, have been applied for the warm season in 2003 and the cool season in 2003?C2004 to evaluate their performances. All models run over the same domain area covering the north Gulf Mexico and southeastern United States (US) region with the same spatial resolution of 27?km. It was found that the temporal variations of the mean error distribution and strength at 24 and 36?h were rather weak for surface temperature, sea level pressure, and surface wind speed for all models. A warm bias in surface temperature forecasts dominated over land during the warm season, whereas a cool bias existed during the cool season. The MM5 and WRF produced negative biases of sea level pressure during the warm season and positive biases during the cool season while the COAMPS yielded a similar distribution of sea level pressure biases during both seasons. During both seasons, similar surface wind speed biases produced by each model included a high wind speed forecast over most areas by MM5 while the COAMPS and WRF yielded weak surface winds over the western Plains and stronger surface winds over the eastern Plains. Root-mean-squared errors revealed that the forecast of surface temperature, sea level pressure, and surface wind speed were degraded with the increase of forecast time. For rainfall evaluation, it was found that the MM5 underpredicted seasonal precipitation while the COAMPS and WRF overpredicted. The bias scores revealed that the MM5 yielded an underprediction of the coverage of precipitation areas, especially for heavier rainfall events. The MM5 presented the lower threat score at lighter rainfall events compared to the COAMPS and WRF. For moderate and heavier thresholds, all models lacked forecast accuracy. The WRF accuracy in predicting precipitation was heavily dependent upon the performance of the selected cumulus parameterization scheme. Use of the Grell?CDevenyi and Bette?CMiller?CJanjic schemes helps suppress precipitation overprediction. 相似文献
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该文介绍了基于基本的支持向量机非线性回归方法,该方法具有解决非线性问题的能力,在数值预报解释应用技术中,对某些预报量与预报因子之间相关性不显著的要素,如风、比湿等,采用支持向量机非线性回归技术较多元回归的MOS方法更具优势;利用北京市气象局中尺度业务模式 (MM5V3) 的12:00(世界时) 起始数值预报产品和观测资料,制作北京15个奥运场馆站点6~48 h逐3 h的气象要素释用产品。对比MM5V3模式,从均方根误差的平均减小率来看,2 m温度减小12.1%,10 m风u分量减小43.3%,10 m风v分量减小53.4%,2 m比湿减小38.2%。与同期的MOS方法预报结果相比,整体预报效果SVM略优于MOS。由此可见,支持向量机非线性回归方法解决与预报因子之间非线性相关的气象要素较好,具有较高的预报优势。 相似文献
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The present study is conducted to verify the short-range forecasts from mesoscale model version5 (MM5)/weather research and forecasting (WRF) model over the Indian region and to examine the impact of assimilation of quick scatterometer (QSCAT) near surface winds, spectral sensor microwave imager (SSM/I) wind speed and total precipitable water (TPW) on the forecasts by these models using their three-dimensional variational (3D-Var) data assimilation scheme for a 1-month period during July 2006. The control (without satellite data assimilation) as well as 3D-Var sensitivity experiments (with assimilating satellite data) using MM5/WRF were made for 48 h starting daily at 0000 UTC July 2006. The control run is analyzed for the intercomparison of MM5/WRF short-range forecasts and is also used as a baseline for assessing the MM5/WRF 3D-Var satellite data sensitivity experiments. As compared to the observation, the MM5 (WRF) control simulations strengthened (weakened) the cross equatorial flow over southern Arabian sea near peninsular India. The forecasts from MM5 and WRF showed a warm and moist bias at lower and upper levels with a cold bias at the middle level, which shows that the convective schemes of these models may be too active during the simulation. The forecast errors in predicted wind, temperature and humidity at different levels are lesser in WRF as compared to MM5, except the temperature prediction at lower level. The rainfall pattern and prediction skill from day 1 and day 2 forecasts by WRF is superior to MM5. The spatial distribution of forecast impact for wind, temperature, and humidity from 1-month assimilation experiments during July 2006 demonstrated that on average, for 24 and 48-h forecasts, the satellite data improved the MM5/WRF initial condition, so that model errors in predicted meteorological fields got reduced. Among the experiments, MM5/WRF wind speed prediction is most benefited from QSCAT surface wind and SSM/I TPW assimilation while temperature and humidity prediction is mostly improved due to latter. The largest improvement in MM5/WRF rainfall prediction is due to the assimilation of SSM/I TPW. The assimilation of SSM/I wind speed alone in MM5/WRF degraded the humidity and rainfall prediction. In summary the assimilation of satellite data showed similar impact on MM5/WRF prediction; largest improvement due to SSM/I TPW and degradation due to SSM/I wind speed. 相似文献
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利用NCEP 1x1再分析资料诊断2001年8月3~4日发生在浙南闽北的东风波及其诱生中尺度低涡的暴雨过程。根据螺旋度(Helicity)分析了过程中的暴雨演变以及雁荡山脉[1]诱生中尺度低涡发生发展的原因。同时,利用中尺度有限区域模式MM5V2对该东风波诱生中尺度低涡进行模拟。结果表明:螺旋度大值中心和锋区的强度和位置的演变较好反映了暴雨落区和中尺度低涡的诱生、移动。螺旋度的时空演变对暴雨发生有很好的预示意义,高、低层螺旋度的低层正值辐合与高层负值辐散的配置是引起降水的重要机制;螺旋度计算较中尺度模式诱生低涡的初生位置、路径预报准确率高,两者集成可以提高诱生低涡的预报准确率。 相似文献
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根据辽宁省沿海自动站资料,采用卡尔曼滤波方法对沈阳区域气象中心MM5中尺度数值预报产品进行解释应用,制作环渤海及邻近海域海面最大风矢量预报的技术方法,对2009年8-12月预报结果进行检验。结果表明:海上最大风矢量预报结果中风速的预报要明显好于风向的预报,其中风向预报最好的海区为黄海北部,准确率为57.3 %;风速预报最好的海区为渤海中部,准确率为64.6 %;风速误差以正误差为主,说明风速的预报值与实况值相比偏大。该方法对于环渤海及邻近海域海上风的预报效果较好,能够比较真实地反映海上风演变过程,具有预报参考价值。 相似文献
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YANG Jingmei 《大气和海洋科学快报》2009,2(1):51-56
Based on the Stratospheric Aerosol and Gas Experiment (SAGE) II and the Halogen Occultation Ex-periment (HALOE) ozone profiles and the Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer (TOMS) total ozone data sets,the characteristics and variations of the vertical distribution of stratospheric ozone covering the latitude bands of 50oN±5oN,40oN±5oN,30oN±5oN,and 20oN±5oN and the longitude range of 75-135oE are investigated.The results indicate that the ozone distribution pattern over China not only has general behaviors,but also has particular char-acteristics.In view of the situation that ozone distribu-tions have substantial deviation from zonal symmetry in northern China,the differences of the vertical ozone dis-tribution between the east and the west part of northern China are studied.The results indicate that during winter,spring,and autumn,in the latitude bands of 50oN±5oN,40oN±5oN,ozone concentrations in the eastern part (105 -135oE) are obviously higher than those of the west (75-105oE) at the altitudes of ozone density maximum and below;during summer,in the latitude band of 50oN±5oN,the east-west ozone profile difference is small,but in the latitude band of 40oN±5oN,the east-west total ozone difference becomes as large as 14.0 DU,and the east-west ozone profile difference mainly exists in the lowermost stratosphere and troposphere. 相似文献