北海市工业园西排污口及邻近海域水环境分析

本文根据2008年4、6、8、10月北海市工业园西排污口及邻近海域水环境质量的监测资料,采用单因子评价法对该排污口及邻近海域水环境质量进行了综合评价与分析,结果表明：排污口水质中COD在4、6、8、10月4个航次的监测中都超标,BOD5和磷酸盐在其中3个航次均超标;排污口邻近海域主要污染因子是石油类、磷酸盐、无机氮,相应监测项目污染指数大体符合排污口〉邻近海域〉对照站的特点,显现出邻近海域污染物含量与陆源污染物排放有关。     

秦皇岛近岸海域沉积物重金属含量及污染评价

重金属是近岸海域的主要污染物之一,了解其在沉积物中的含量和污染程度对海洋环境保护研究具有重要意义。文章分析了秦皇岛近岸海域沉积物重金属含量分布特征,并采用修正综合指数法对其污染状况进行分析评价。结果表明:重金属平均含量由高至低的顺序是CuPbAsCdHg,超出环境背景值较高的是Hg和Cu;沉积物重金属污染程度总体处于很低-低等级,石河口、人造河口等近岸海域污染程度略高于其他临近海域。     

冻土天然气水合物开采技术进展及海洋水合物开采技术方案研究

调查发现,陆域永久冻土层及海域都存在着天然气水合物资源。我国2007年和2008年先后在南海海域及祁连山木里地区发现水合物实物样品。中国地质调查局于2010年开始实施冻土水合物试采技术研究及现场开采试验,2017年将在我国南海海域实施海洋水合物试采,相关准备工作正在进行中。本文介绍了陆域水合物试采进展及海洋水合物试采技术方案的构思。     

2002-2012年唐山市海洋环境质量变化及影响因素分析

河北省海洋环境统计公报等资料显示,2002-2012年间唐山近海海域环境质量没有明显改善。分析污染源和海洋动力条件两个影响因素发现,入海污染物超出海洋环境容量是引起海水水质恶化的主要原因;污染的区域分布在京唐港、大清河、曹妃甸-黑沿子-南堡等弱流区。由于沿海工程建设影响了海洋动力条件,曹妃甸工业区和京唐港近岸海域成为污染物富集的新区域。     

中国及相邻区域岩石圈结构及动力学意义

中国大陆及邻近陆域海域是晚古生代以来由多个较小的板块或地块汇聚形成的。中生代亚洲东部岩石圈拉张解体和减薄。古新世印度与欧亚大陆碰撞引起地壳缩短隆升,形成青藏高原和喜马拉雅造山带。根据中国大陆及相邻区域天然地震、人工地震及其他地学资料,采用多学科多手段进行反演。对沉积层、地壳、岩石圈特性及厚度变化进行研究,探讨中国大陆及相邻陆域海域岩石圈结构特征及深部动力学问题。     

锦州市近岸海域水质特征分析及污染防治措施

应用综合污染指数法对锦州市近岸海域8个监测点位以及全海域2004年和2005年水质特征进行了分析,其结果表明全海域污染比较严重,且中度污染范围较广,近90%.除4#监测点属轻度污染,其余均属中度污染,且5#和7#监测点污染程度有加重趋势,应予以重视,最后就锦州市海水污染特征提出了相关防治措施.     

基于条件价值法评估罗源湾海洋生物多样性维持服务价值

海洋生物多样性维持服务指海洋中不仅生活着丰富的生物种群,还为其提供了重要的产卵场、越冬场、索饵场、避难所、栖息地等场所.基于条件价值法,于2009年8月对福建罗源湾周边城镇居民进行问卷调查,掌握当地居民对保护罗源湾生物多样性的支付意愿,进而评估罗源湾生物多样性维持服务价值.结果显示,2009年罗源湾4种珍稀生物的支付意愿为618.8元/户.2004-2008年罗源湾生物多样性维持服务价值分别为747.17万元、1 912.52万元、2 565.08万元、3 821.92万元、5 272.00万元.分析表明:家庭年收入、对保护生物的了解程度和环保意识是影响生物多样性维持服务价值的主要因素.对于保护海洋生物多样性来说,经济发展政策和环保政策都是必要的,如何做好这2个政策的平衡是政府应该关注的.     

水污染物总量综合权重系数分配方法研究

区域污染物排放总量分配是水污染总量控制的重要内容,分配合理与否将直接影响总量控制工作成效。以陆域排污-水体水质响应空间单元为基础,构建了综合考虑水环境质量、排污及污染治理水平、区域经济实力等因素的总量分配指标体系,提出一套单元的水污染物总量分配综合权重系数计算方法。并将该方法应用于北京市,结果表明本方法较好地解决了目前分配方法中总量目标与水质改善需求衔接不足、分配指标体系过于单一的问题。     

海州湾近岸海域水质状况调查与风险评价

随着我国沿海经济的快速发展,人类活动强度不断加剧,对海洋生态系统的干扰和破坏不断加剧。为了解海州湾近岸海域水质状况,本文于2016年4月、9月对海州湾近岸海域表层海水的温度、盐度、pH值、悬浮物(SS)、溶解氧(DO)、化学需氧量(CODMn)、亚硝酸盐(NO2--N)、硝酸盐(NO3--N)、铵氮(NH4+-N)、活性磷酸盐(PO34--P)、铜、铅、锌、镉、石油类等指标进行了两次采样调查,应用分光光度法和ICP-MS等技术分析各指标;应用单因子法、富营养化指数法和有机污染指数法对该海域海水的质量状况进行了评价分析,以期为研究区环境预警、环境管理和保护提供依据。结果表明:研究海域表层海水中CODMn在4月均值为1. 34mg/L,9月为1. 22mg/L;石油类4月均值为0. 031mg/L,9月为0. 034mg/L;活性磷酸盐4月均值为0. 013mg/L,9月为0. 012mg/L;溶解无机氮4月均值为0. 34mg/L,9月为0. 16mg/L; CODMn、石油类、活性磷酸盐、溶解无机氮的质量浓度大致呈现出由西南部向东北部海域降低的趋势,且无机氮总体浓度水平较高,为该海域主要的污染物。根据营养化评价模式和有机污染指数计算结果,本研究认为海州湾近岸海域表层水质总体营养水平较高,处于氮限制的潜在性富营养水平,有机污染程度属于Ⅱ级,水质已受到污染。     

基于多方法手段的开山岛海域淮阴-响水口断裂走向研究

淮阴—响水口断裂为江苏地层分区的重要界线,其陆域位置研究历来已久,但海域位置至今尚未明确。本次研究利用多方法手段,首次确定了淮阴-响水口断裂在南黄海海域的具体位置走向,并明确了开山岛地层归属。     

Elemental distribution of coastal sea and stream sediments in the island-arc region of Japan and mass transfer processes from terrestrial to marine environments

A total of 49 elements have been identified in 338 coastal sea sediment samples collected from an area situated off the Ise-Tokai region of Japan for a nationwide marine geochemical mapping project. The spatial distribution patterns of the elemental concentrations in coastal seas along with the existing geochemical maps in terrestrial areas were used to define the natural geochemical background variation, mass transport, and contamination processes. The elemental concentrations of coastal sea sediments are determined primarily by particle size and regional differences. Most elemental concentrations increase with a decrease in particle size. Some elements such as Ca, Mn, and Yb are found to exist in large quantities in coarse particles containing calcareous shells, Fe–Mn oxides, and felsic volcanic sediments. Regional differences reflect the mass transfer process from terrestrial areas to coastal seas and the influence of the local marine geology. An analysis of variance (ANOVA) reveals that for many elements, the particle size effect is predominant over regional difference. The mean chemical compositions of coastal sea sediments are similar to those of stream sediments in adjacent terrestrial areas and in the upper crust of Japan. This observation supports the fact that coastal sea sediments have certainly originated from terrestrial materials. However, the spatial distributions of elemental concentrations are not always continuous between the land and coastal seas. The scale of mass movement observed in marine geochemical maps occurs at a distance of 20 km from the river mouth. A detailed examination of the spatial distribution patterns of K (K₂O) and Cr concentrations suggests that terrestrial materials supplied through rivers are deposited near the shore initially, and then gravity-driven processes shift the sediments deeper into the basin. Contamination with heavy metals such as Zn, Cd and Pb was observed in coastal bays surrounded by urban and industrial areas. It is noteworthy that the areas with the highest concentration of these elements usually do not occur near the shore (not near the contamination source) but at the center of the bay. Unexpected low concentrations of Zn, Cd and Pb near shore may either be due to a decreased anthropogenic load in the most recent sediments or to dilution by unpolluted flood sediments.     

西秦岭中志留统含铀岩组沉积相初析

西奏岭中志留统的层控袖矿床是在沉积作用构成铀源层的基础上,经地下水热液改造富集而成。志留系为被动大陆边缘海的沉积,其南侧为若尔盖古陆。中志留统分为三组,每组的下段均为泻湖相的细碎屑岩,每组的上段均为含炭硅灰泥岩组成的含铀岩组。中志留世时期有大体平行古海岸的水下隆起构成岛链障壁,含铀岩组属于泻湖-礁后潮坪-礁滩相组合。近岸的浅水条件,丰富的陆源细碎屑,局部的还原相带,是形成富铀沉积物的三个基本条件。铀的沉积主要发生在礁滩内缘和礁后潮坪相环境,具中偏低能量、有陆源细碎屑参与、存在生物大量死亡分解而造成的局部还原场,在较缓慢的沉积过程中,海水中的UO_2~(2 )系通过底水与有机质和粘土质等产生充分的渗透扩散和交替吸附而形成。     

浙东沿海地区陆海不同介质采样区地球化学成图方法

针对浙东沿海地区陆海不同介质采样区地球化学图中出现的自然因素,以及非点源污染和点源污染等因素引起的随机变异,提出选择一种适宜的数据处理模型和色区空间分配为内容的陆海不同介质地球化学成图方法,以改善图面效果。     

Ecological and geographical characteristics of the coastal zone of the Black Sea

The coastal zone of the Black Sea is viewed as marine terrestrial geosystem. Its sea and land parts are interconnected by intensive flows of matter, such as water run-off, aerial transfer of water vapour and salts, ingressions of sea water, mining of mineral resources and extraction of biotic resources, transportation of goods, etc. The zone includes the shelf and a belt of land within the boundaries of small coastal river basins. Specific combinations of various branches of the economy are typical for the coastal area in the whole and for its regional sections as well.This article largely treats the terrestrial part of the coastal zone of the Black Sea and provides information on the landscapes, the structure of land use and the ecological situation. The state of the coastal sea water and the entire water reservoir are dealt with in other articles of this issue ofGeoJournal.     

论粤北的“帽子峰页岩”

<正> “帽子峰页岩”(即帽子峰组)是徐瑞麟(1937)根据朱庭祜(1928)提供的曲江城至黄岗岭剖面中出露于帽子峰的岩层而建立的岩石地层单位。由于命名剖面中“帽子峰页岩”的上部出露不全,不少地质工作者又习惯于以年代地层的概念来修改帽子峰组的含     

Effective precipitation in southern Spain ( 266 to 46 ka) based on a speleothem stable carbon isotope record

We present the longest-duration directly dated terrestrial palaeoclimate record from the western Mediterranean region: a flowstone speleothem from Gitana Cave, southeast Spain. The main phase of growth was 274 to 58 ka, dated by multi-collector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (MC-ICPMS) U-series methods. Effective precipitation, which we consider primarily responsible for flowstone calcite δ¹³C variations, measured at 300 μm resolution, was higher during interglacials associated with marine oxygen isotope stages (MIS) 7 and 5, and lower during glacial MIS 6. There is a close correspondence between speleothem δ¹³C and sea surface temperature (SST) estimates from adjacent Atlantic Ocean cores during MIS 6, which implies that oceanic conditions are critical in controlling the western Mediterranean terrestrial moisture balance during glacial periods. Other features of our record, such as the sequence of termination II warming/moistening between approximately 133 and 127 ka, including a “pause” around 130–128 ka, and the lagged termination of MIS 5 warm intervals (5e, 5c and 5a) are similar to other terrestrial records within the Mediterranean basin, indicating climate synchroneity along the northern Mediterranean coast. The Gitana cave region also may have been a refugium for temperate species during short-lived cold/arid periods during MIS 5.     

Ion Microprobe Determination of Hydrogen Concentration and Isotopic ratio in Extraterrestrial Metallic Alloys

The isotopic ratio of hydrogen was measured in an iron meteorite and terrestrial native iron using an IMS 3f ion microprobe. The extraterrestrial D/H ratio (93 ± 9 × 10^?6) was close to the terrestrial value (105 ± 6 × 10^?6), and both samples had low H concentrations (7 ± 4 and 33 ± 11 ng g^?1 for the iron meteorite and the terrestrial sample, respectively). Experiments on artificially D‐enriched samples showed that the measured hydrogen signal is a combination of indigenous H and terrestrial atmospheric contamination. This contamination comes from the isotope exchange reaction between water adsorbed on the sample surface and atmospheric water, and would be continuously added to the indigenous H in the ion crater by the adsorbed water sinking into the crater during sputtering. Experiments showed that this contamination represents up to 20% of the signal but was within the uncertainty of the measured D/H ratio.     

塔西台地寒武纪沉积环境演化与海陆耦合

碳酸盐岩台地作为陆地与深海间的过渡带,其沉积记录了海洋和邻近陆地的演化。结合已有的沉积学工作,对塔里木盆地西部台地寒武系碳酸盐岩进行全岩及酸不溶物地球化学研究。塔西台地寒武纪主要发育局限台地、局限-蒸发台地或蒸发台地相沉积。碳酸盐岩的地球化学特征主要受沉积环境和成岩作用影响,对研究区寒武系白云岩来说,其元素组成极易受沉积微相的控制,氧同位素组成则很可能已被成岩作用改造,仅原生、准同生白云岩的Sr/Ba、Fe/Mn和C同位素可反映沉积相演化对应的古盐度、离岸距离等沉积环境特征的变化,酸不溶物化学蚀变指数（CIA值）则指示邻近陆地的化学风化强度与气候特征。寒武纪时期,塔西台地在相对海平面较高时发育局限台地相沉积,以水体盐度较低、沉积环境离岸较远和生物活动相对较弱为特征,陆地化学风化强度适中,气候温暖湿润;在相对海平面较低时发育蒸发台地相沉积,具有水体盐度较高、沉积环境离岸较近和生物活动相对较强等特点,陆地化学风化强烈,气候炎热极端;在相对海平面适中时发育局限-蒸发台地,沉积环境和邻近陆地的特征介于前述二者之间。沉积相演化对应的较长周期的海陆演化可能主要受全球海平面升降及宏观气候变化控制,具体表现为相对海平面升降所导致的海相沉积环境的变化,以及气候变化引起的陆地化学风化强度的变化。寒武纪塔西台地所处区域的海洋-陆地演化具有高度耦合的特征。     

“陆相层型”建立的认识与思考

从总结陆相侏罗-白垩纪地层界线的研究成果和工作方法,结合国际地层委员会“修订准则”和国际地层指南的规定,论述了建立“陆相层型”的紧迫性、理论和方法。我国陆相地层极为发育,但研究明显滞后于海相地层,主要问题是缺乏划分对比标准。目前以海相地层研究建立的层型尚不能应用于陆相地层,况且一些地质断代还未建立层型。陆相地层研究要先建立自己的标准。与海相地层比较,陆相地层在同位素测年、磁性地层划分和事件地层学研究方面具备建立层型的优势,同样可以找到分布广泛和利于大范围地层对比的化石门类。建立陆相层型的关键是找到沉积连续、化石丰富和暴露完全的剖面。陆相层型可以“单位层型”与“界线层型”建立并举,有条件的地质断代还是要重视建立“界线层型”。生物地层学研究一定要以恢复演化谱系或发生序列为基础,界线化石标志应该选在其“首现”层位。“陆相层型”的建立应强调多学科、多门类、多方法的综合研究。     

Assessment of heavy metal concentrations and associated resistant bacterial communities in bulk and rhizosphere soil of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Avicennia marina</Emphasis> of Pichavaram mangrove,India

Heavy metals are known to pose a potential threat to terrestrial and aquatic flora and fauna. Due to increasing human influence, heavy metal concentrations are rising in many mangrove ecosystems. Therefore, an assessment of heavy metal (Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, Fe, Mn, and Zn) concentrations was conducted within the bulk soil and rhizosphere soil of Avicennia marina at the Pichavaram Mangrove Forest in India. The rhizosphere soil showed higher concentrations of metals than the bulk soil. Compared to the bulk soil, the metals Cd, Fe, Mn, and Zn were 6.0–16.7% higher, whereas Cr, Cu, Ni, and Pb were 1.7–2.8% higher concentration. Among the three selected sampling sites (dense mangrove forest, estuarine region, and sea region), the sea region had the highest concentration of all heavy metals except Zn. The trend of the mean metal concentration was Fe > Mn > Cr > Ni > Cu > Pb > Zn > Cd. Heavy metals concentrations elevated by the 2004 tsunami were persistent even after 4 years, due to sedimentary soil processes, the rhizosphere effect of mangroves, and anthropogenic deposition. Analysis of the heavy metal-resistant bacteria showed highest bacterial count for Cr-resistant bacteria and rhizosphere soil. The maximum level of heavy metal-resistant bacteria was observed at the site with the highest heavy metal contamination. The heavy metal-resistant bacteria can be used as indicator of heavy metal pollution and furthermore in bioremediation.