腕骨脱位或骨折并脱位的影像分析

目的:分析腕骨脱位及骨折并脱位的影像,探讨外力在腕关节传播的过程。方法:对129例腕骨脱位患者行X线和多层螺旋CT检查,分析腕骨脱位或骨折并脱位的类型。结果:月骨脱位32例,腕中关节脱位2例,月骨周围型脱位95例。95例中经舟状骨月骨周围脱位50例,经桡骨茎突月骨周围脱位23例,经头状骨月骨周围脱位4例,经三角骨月骨周围脱位7例,经尺骨茎突月骨周围性脱11例。在合并其他腕骨骨折的病例中。经桡骨茎突及经舟骨骨折病例X线检查均得到确诊,其余56例中,X线漏诊6例则是通过多层螺旋CT薄层扫描及重建才做出正确诊断,单纯月骨周围型脱位较少见(仅3例),有5例X线检查为单纯月骨周围脱位的病例在CT扫描发现合并腕骨撕脱性小骨折。结论:X线检查对腕关节节损伤的程度有可能低估,多层螺旋CT薄层扫描及重建可作出准确、直观诊断。分析外力损伤腕关节的过程对腕骨脱位或骨折并脱位的影像诊断有重要价值。      

新型冠状病毒肺炎的X线及CT表现

目的:总结新型冠状病毒肺炎(2019-nCoV)的X线、CT表现,为临床提供影像学诊断依据。材料与方法:收集2020年1月21日至2月25日我院发热门诊的1028例患者,均进行X线检查,其中18例核酸检测确诊为2019-nCoV,6例同日行CT检查,9例于1周内进行影像学复查。结果:18例确诊的2019-nCoV患者,4例X线表现为肺纹理增重,14例X线表现为肺内单发或多发病灶。好发部位为肺下叶,单侧肺下叶病灶9例,双肺下叶病灶3例,双下肺合并双肺上叶病灶2例。6例同日进行CT检查,1例CT正常,3例发现X线胸片未显示的小片状磨玻璃影,2例CT显示的病灶较X线片多,CT表现以双肺胸膜下分布为主,可伴空气支气管征且小叶间隔增厚。6例患者1周内复查X线片,3例复查CT,其中1例CT显示磨玻璃影吸收,8例显示病变进展,范围较前增大和病灶增多,以双下肺外带为著。结论:新冠肺炎胸部X线及CT表现具有一定的特征性,结合临床病史和实验室检查可作出明确诊断。      

纵隔肿瘤的X线与CT的对照研究

目的：通过X线CT表现及手术病理对照分析了65例纵隔肿瘤的X线及CT表现，探讨纵隔肿瘤的X线征象及CT诊断的意义。材料与方法：65例纵隔肿瘤全部行X线及CT检查，共中56例行CT增强扫描，对照分析了肿瘤的X线及CT表现特点，总结了X线及CT表现的规律。结果：位于前纵隔肿瘤者49例，位于中纵隔者9例，位于后纵隔者7例，形态呈椭圆形者35例，呈圆形者21例，呈不规则者9例。边缘部分呈“弧形”并钙化者5例，气管受压者13例，肿瘤全部显示者62例，部分显示者3例，边界清晰者61例，密度均匀者29例，CT值29－36Hu，呈低密度者27例，CT值8－20Hu，呈混杂密度者10例，CT值20－127Hu，结论：目前对纵隔肿瘤的诊断，应以X线与CT检查相结合，有互补性，有助于诊断减少误诊，并方便快捷应为首选。     

非典型部位骨巨细胞瘤的影像学分析

目的:探讨X线平片、CT及MRI对非典型部位骨巨细胞瘤的诊断价值。方法:回顾性分析19例经手术病理证实的非典型部位的骨巨细胞瘤的X线平片、CT及MRI表现。其中,19例行X线平片检查,19例行CT检查,16例行MRI检查。结果:骶椎9例,坐骨4例,跖骨2例,掌骨、腕骨、肩胛骨,腰椎各1例。X线平片及CT表现:膨胀性、溶骨性骨质破坏区,无硬化边;MRI表现:病灶在T1WI常呈等-低信号,T2WI呈不均匀高信号。结论:运用多种影像检查方法,可提高对非典型部位骨巨细胞瘤的认识,做出准确的诊断。     

原发于骨上皮样血管内皮瘤的影像对比分析

目的:提高对骨上皮样血管内皮瘤(EHE)的认识和影像诊断水平。方法:回顾性分析经手术病理证实的6例骨上皮样血管内皮瘤的X线平片、CT、MR和临床病理,结合文献对比分析各检查方法的影像特征。结果:3个病例表现为多发病灶,分别位于股骨下段、胫腓骨及足部;2个病例病灶位于胫骨下段;1例病灶位于股骨近端。X线平片及CT平扫示多灶性溶骨性骨破坏、硬化边,部分病灶内见“栅栏样”骨嵴,MR上病灶呈稍长T1、长T2信号,增强后呈明显强化。免疫组化提示肿瘤细胞表达血管内皮细胞标记如CD3l、CD34、Vimentin、CK呈阳性。结论:骨上皮样血管内皮瘤有一定的影像学特征,X线平片、CT和MR检查能为临床诊断及鉴别诊断提供有价值的信息。      

CT引导肺部恶性肿瘤RFA近期疗效及并发症

目的:探讨CT引导下肺部恶性肿瘤适形射频消融(RFA)近期疗效及并发症。方法:48例54个经病理证实的肺部恶性肿瘤在CT引导下行RFA,其中11个病灶联合化学消融治疗,通过临床观察和CT扫描监测并发症。术后1个月、3个月增强CT扫描观察近期疗效。结果:54个病灶RFA后即刻复查CT示病灶阴影增大,消融区域密度降低,术后1个月增强CT复查肿瘤去血管化表现,仅病灶边缘强化及肿瘤残留区域强化;54个病灶治疗后3个月复查增强CT,肿瘤完全消失(CR)61%(33/54),Ⅰ期24例,转移灶9个;肿瘤缩小(PR)39%(21/54),Ⅰ期1例、Ⅱ期16例、ⅢA期2例、2个转移病灶;无严重并发症发生。结论:CT引导肺部恶性肿瘤RFA是一种安全有效的微创治疗方法,近期疗效明显。      

骨巨细胞瘤影像学特征及误诊分析

目的:研究骨巨细胞瘤(GCT)的X线平片、CT、MRI影像学表现,分析误诊的原因,提高诊断准确性。方法:搜集30例手术病理证实的GCT病例,回顾性分析其术前X线平片、CT平扫、MRI影像学表现。结果:GCT发生于股骨远端13例,胫骨近端6例,股骨近段4例,肱骨近端3例,桡骨远端2例,腰椎1例,髂骨1例。术前误诊5例,约占16.7%。结论:X线平片、CT和MRI从不同角度反映GCT的病理特征,合理结合三种检查方法,能更全面显示GCT的影像学特征,有利于诊断及鉴别诊断。      

软骨母细胞型骨肉瘤的影像诊断

目的:探究软骨母细胞型骨肉瘤的X线平片、CT及MRI表现和诊断要点.方法:回顾性分析2010年1月至2020年6月我院经病理证实的软骨母细胞型骨肉瘤18例患者的病历资料,分析其X线平片、CT及MRI表现.结果:X线平片和CT显示肿瘤骨(棉絮样瘤骨12例,象牙质样瘤骨3例,针样瘤骨3例)、瘤软骨钙化(沙粒状、斑点状钙化8...     

肺脂肪栓塞综合征的X线及螺旋CT诊断

目的:探讨肺脂肪栓塞综合征的X线及CT特点。方法:回顾性分析8例被诊断为肺脂肪栓塞患者的影像资料,由两位放射科医师对患者的胸部X线片及多层螺旋CT图像进行评价。结果:行X线片扫描5例表现为双肺弥漫性分布的片状密度增高影,2例表现为双肺中下野分布为主的片状阴影,1例仅表现为肺纹理增强。行CT检查5例表现为磨玻璃样改变(3例弥漫性分布、1例呈"地图样"片状分布、1例合并肺小叶间膈增厚呈现网状阴影),3例表现为多发实变影或结节影,2例合并有双侧胸腔积液。结论:X线平片仍是诊断肺脂肪栓塞比较可靠的影像学检查方法,螺旋CT能够提供更多特征性的影像信息。     

三维CT与X线片检查跟骨骨折中的应用价值分析

目的:研究三维CT检查和X线片对跟骨骨折损伤评价的准确度及效用,同时探讨其应用价值。方法:选择2017年1月至2018年1月我院收治的32例跟骨骨折病例。分别使用三维CT和X线片检查,并对跟骨损伤程度及部位进行分析,对结果的准确度进行判断（依据为手术术中所见）,并用McNemar检验比较其结果的准确度。结果:跟骨骨折三维CT重建在诊断准确率方面优于X线片,对骨折部位及特征描述具有更高临床应用价值。结论:应用三维CT重建跟骨骨折检查可以有效提高对骨折损伤评价的准确度和效用性,对于临床诊断及治疗均有明确的意义。      

A Monte Carlo study of rainfall forecasting with a stochastic model

A procedure for short-term rainfall forecasting in real-time is developed and a study of the role of sampling on forecast ability is conducted. Ground level rainfall fields are forecasted using a stochastic space-time rainfall model in state-space form. Updating of the rainfall field in real-time is accomplished using a distributed parameter Kalman filter to optimally combine measurement information and forecast model estimates. The influence of sampling density on forecast accuracy is evaluated using a series of a simulated rainfall events generated with the same stochastic rainfall model. Sampling was conducted at five different network spatial densities. The results quantify the influence of sampling network density on real-time rainfall field forecasting. Statistical analyses of the rainfall field residuals illustrate improvement in one hour lead time forecasts at higher measurement densities.     

Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration Aims And Scope

正This journal is established by the Institute of Engineering Mechanics(IEM),China Earthquake Administration,to promote scientific exchange between Chinese and foreign scientists and engineers so as to improve the theory and practice of earthquake hazards mitigation,preparedness,and recovery.To accomplish this purpose,the journal aims to attract a balanced number of papers between Chinese and     

Foreword

Destructive earthquakes have caused great damage in China and the United States and collapsing buildings havecaused many deaths and injuries. The field of earthquake engineering studies earthquake hazards, the occurrence ofearthquakes of various magnitudes, the nature of the ground shaking during an earthquake, the vibration of structuresduring earthquakes, the strengthening of existing structures and the design of new structures to be earthquake resistant,and finally, how to cope with earthquake damage and restore a city to normal functioning. Such efforts are in progressin both countries, but unfortunately, the language barrier interferes with the free flow of information between China andthe Untied States. It would be mutually beneficial if some means could be developed to promote the exchangeof information across the Pacific Ocean. This new journal has been established for this purpose and its success willbe an important step in promoting earthquake engineering in China and the United States.     

WORLD ASSOCIATION FOR SEDIMENTATION AND EROSION RESEARCH(WASER)

正President:Giampaolo Di Silvio,Italy Vice Presidents:Ulrich C.E.Zanke,Germany Zhao-yin Wang,China The World Association for Sedimentation and Erosion Research(WASER),inaugurated on Oct.19,2004,is an independent non-governmental,non-profit organization.The mission of WASER is to promote international co-operation on the study     

Enhancing remote sensing research on global change to improve our understanding on Earth system processes

正Global Change includes climate change and other environmental changes caused by the joint interaction among various layers of Earth. From the positive side, global change provides new opportunities to human and other living forms on Earth. In the meantime, it creates tremendous challenges and negative impact. At present, the negative impacts have reached all primary processes of the global ecosystem and every aspect of human society, especially causing degradation of the ecosystem. For instance, intensive deforestation causes decline of biodiversity; global warming causes sea level rise and increases     

Solute concentrations in the lower niger river and the source rock contribution

Water quality analyses for the Niger River for the 1980/81 hydrological year are presented. The samples were collected from the main river at Lokoja, and from two main tributaries, the Kaduna and the Benue Rivers. Different water types were distinguished by the concentrations of major ions. The type Ca > Na > Mg > K - HCO₃ > SO₄ > Cl was represented at all stations during at least part of the year. Chloride was found to dominate the sulphate ion in the Kaduna and Niger, while the Benue maintained a higher concentration of sulphate relative to chloride all year round. Distinct patterns of seasonal variation in the ion concentrations were observed, particularly for the samples collected at Lokoja. Low ion concentrations were prominent during periods of high discharge, while low flow periods coincided with high dissolved ion concentrations. The contribution of rainwater to the total dissolved solids in the river waters was assessed indirectly using rainwater chemistry data from the Gulf of Guinea. The estimated rainwater contribution to the Lower Niger amounts to 5.15 mg 1^?1. Geochemical weathering calculations involving reactions of the four major minerals of granitic rocks - anorthite, biotite, albite, and K-feldspar - with carbon dioxide and water, can account for the average water composition of the Lower Niger. The proportion of the ionic components was also related to the occurrence of the respective element in the minerals.