Extreme crustal metamorphism during Columbia supercontinent assembly: Evidence from North China Craton

A vast supracrustal belt of khondalites (granulite facies metapelites) occur along the northern margin of the North China Craton. We report here for the first time spinel + quartz equilibrium assemblage from these rocks in two textural settings: (1) high ZnO (up to 14.47 wt.%) spinel with quartz as inclusions within garnet porphyroblasts defining pressure above 12 kbar and temperature of 900 °C; and (2) low ZnO (down to 1.2 wt.%) spinel in association with quartz in the matrix assemblage formed during peak ultrahigh-temperature conditions (ca. 975 °C and 9 kbar). We present a unique case of decompression where the metamorphic conditions of the rocks traversed mostly through the spinel + quartz (extended) stability field. Monazite grains in textural association with both types of spinel + quartz textures were analysed for age determination, and the data define two age peaks at 1927 ± 11 Ma and 1819 ± 11 Ma. Since the peak thermal regime of the khondalites was close to or exceeded the theoretical closure temperature of Pb in monazite, we infer the 1819 ± 11 Ma age as the timing of ultrahigh-temperature event in this craton. Our data lend support to the idea of ca. 1.9–1.8 Ga E–W collisional orogen at the northern margin of the North China Craton. We correlate the extreme crustal metamorphism with tectonics associated with the assembly of the North China Craton within the Columbia supercontinent.     

Petrogenesis of the Palaeoproterozoic Xishankou pluton,northern Tarim block,northwest China: implications for assembly of the supercontinent Columbia

The Tarim block, one of the largest cratons in China, records an important part of the Proterozoic crustal evolution of the Earth. Many previous studies have focused on the Neoproterozoic magmatism and tectonic evolution of this block in relation to the break-up of Rodinia, although relatively little is known about its earlier tectono-magmatic history. In this article, we present detailed petrographic, geochronologic, whole-rock geochemical, and in situ zircon Hf isotope data for the pre-Neoproterozoic Xishankou granitoid pluton (XBP), one of several blue quartz-bearing granitoid intrusions well exposed in the Quruqtagh area, and discuss these intrusions in terms of their tectonic environment. Zircon LA-ICP-MS dating indicates that gneissic quartz diorite and granodiorite of the XBP crystallized at 1934 ± 13 and 1944 ± 19 Ma, respectively. Both underwent metamorphism essentially coeval with emplacement, a time that is compatible with the globally distributed 2.1–1.8 Ga crustal amalgamation during formation of the supercontinent Columbia. Petrographic and geochemical evidence suggest that the XBP is a continental-arc-type granite and may have been generated by the partial melting of Archaean thickened lower crust; this would suggest that the northern Tarim block was a continental-type arc at ca. 1940 Ma. Our new data, together with previous regional geological studies, indicate that a series of Palaeoproterozoic (ca. 2.0–1.8 Ga) tectono-magmatic events occurred in the northern Tarim attending the assembly of Columbia.     

塔里木克拉通东北缘Columbia超大陆裂解事件：库鲁克塔格地区辉绿岩床的地球化学、锆石U-Pb年代学和Hf-O同位素证据

研究塔里木克拉通东北缘库鲁克塔格地区发育的中元古代早期基性岩浆活动,对深入了解Columbia超大陆裂解过程具有重要意义。本文报道了库鲁克塔格地区侵入于兴地塔格群的阿斯廷布拉克辉绿岩床SHRIMP锆石U-Pb年龄,结合岩石学、地球化学和Nd-Hf-O同位素资料,对该基性岩的形成时代、岩浆起源和源区类型以及岩浆作用的动力学背景进行讨论。研究表明：辉绿岩锆石具有高Th/U比值(>1),CL图像带状分区,显示基性岩浆锆石特点,207Pb/206Pb 加权平均年龄(1 551±8) Ma代表辉绿岩的形成时代,锆石δ18O值为5.52‰~6.53‰(正态分布的峰值为5.8‰),略高于地幔锆石的变化范围。辉绿岩高FeOT(11.4%~13.4%),低MgO(5.46%~7.11%)和TiO2(1.51%~2.45%),具有拉斑质属性,轻、重稀土元素分馏明显((La/Yb)N=4.6~5.4),具弱的Eu正异常(δEu=1.05~1.27),富集大离子亲石元素(LILE),亏损Nb、Ta等高场强元素(HFSE),微量元素组成与大陆溢流玄武岩(CFB)类似,全岩Nd(εNd(t)=-3.8~-1.8)和锆石Hf(εHf(t)=-3.7~1.9)同位素均显示岩浆来自富集地幔。阿斯廷布拉克辉绿岩是被交代的大陆岩石圈地幔部分熔融的产物,形成于板内的拉张环境,与该时期全球构造演化体制相吻合,属于中元古代早期Columbia超大陆裂解事件。     

The Paleoproterozoic North Hebei Orogen: North China craton's collisional suture with the Columbia supercontinent

Understanding the geologic history and position of the North China craton in the Paleoproterozoic Columbia supercontinent has proven elusive. Paleoproterozoic orogenic episodes (2.00–1.85 Ga) are temporally associated with ultimate stabilization of the North China craton (NCC), followed by the development of extensive craton-wide rift systems at 1.85–1.80 Ga. The age difference between the sedimentary cover and the metamorphic basement is up to 500–700 Ma, suggesting that uplift and doming of cratonic basement occurred in the latest Paleoproterozoic. Mafic dike swarms (1.80–1.77 Ga) and anorogenic magmatism (1.80–1.70 Ga) record the extensional breakup and dispersal of the North China craton during this stage. The late Paleoproterozoic tectonic framework and geological events documented provide important constraints for reconstruction of the NCC within the Late Paleoproterozoic supercontinent of Columbia.An east-west striking thousand kilometer long belt of khondalites (granulite facies metapelites) stretches along the northern margin of the North China craton, on the cratonward side of the Northern Hebei orogenic belt. This granulite belt includes Mg–Al (sapphirine bearing) granulites that reached ultrahigh-temperature “peak” metamorphic conditions of  1000 °C at 10 kbars at 1927 ± 11 Ma. Following peak ultrahigh-temperature conditions, the rocks underwent initial isobaric cooling and subsequent isothermal decompression, and these trajectories are interpreted to be part of an overall anti-clockwise P-T evolution indicating that the northern margin of the craton experienced continental collision at 1.93–1.92 Ga. The position of the khondalite belt south of the Northern Hebei orogenic belt makes it analogous to Tibet, a continental collision-related plateau characterized by double crustal thicknesses and granulite facies metamorphism at depth. We suggest that the tectonic evolution of the NCC during this period was closely related to the assembly and break-up of the Columbia supercontinent, and that the NCC was adjacent to the Baltic and Amazonian cratons in the period 2.00–1.70 Ga. Craton-wide extension occurred within 100–150 Ma of collision along the northern margin of the craton at 1.93–1.92 Ga. It is concluded that mantle upwellings are chiefly responsible for the breakup of the NCC from the Paleoproterozoic supercontinent.     

Paleoproterozoic volcanic rocks in the southern margin of the North China Craton,central China:Implications for the Columbia supercontinent

The volcanic rocks of the Xiong'er Group are situated in the southern margin of the North China Craton(NCC).Research on the Xiong er Group is important to understand the tectonic evolution of the NCC and the Columbia supercontinent during the Paleoproterozoic.In this study,to constrain the age of the Xiong'er volcanic rocks and identify its tectonic environment,we report zircon LA-ICP-MS data with Hf isotope,whole-rock major and trace element compositions and Sr-Nd-Pb-Hf isotopes of the volcanic rocks of the Xiong'er Group.The Xiong'er volcanic rocks mainly consist of basaltic andesite,andesite.dacite and rhyolite,with minor basalt.Our new sets of data combined with those from previous studies indicate that Xiong'er volcanism should have lasted from 1827 Ma to 1746 Ma as the major phase of the volcanism.These volcanics have extremely low MgO.Cr and Ni contents,are enriched in LREEs and LILEs but depleted in HFSEs(Nb,Ta,and Ti),similar to arc-related volcanic rocks.They are characterized by negative zircon ε_(Hf)_(t) values of-17.4 to 8.8,whole-rock initial ~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr values of 0.7023 to 0.7177 andε_(Nd)(t) values of-10.9 to 6.4.and Pb isotopes(~(206)Pb/~(204)Pb =14.366-16.431,~(207)Pb/~(204)Pb =15.106-15.371,~(208)Pb/~(204)Pb= 32.455-37.422).The available elemental and Sr-Nd-Pb-Hf isotope data suggest that the Xiong'er volcanic rocks were sourced from a mantle contaminated by continental crust.The volcanic rocks of the Xiong'er Group might have been generated by high-degree partial melting of a lithospheric mantle that was originally modified by oceanic subduction in the Archean.Thus,we suggest that the subduction-modified lithospheric mantle occurred in an extensional setting during the breakup of the Columbia supercontinent in the Late Paleoproterozoic,rather than in an arc setting.     

Early Paleoproterozoic magmatism in the Quanji Massif, northeastern margin of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and its tectonic significance: LA-ICPMS U-Pb zircon geochronology and geochemistry

The Quanji Massif is located on the north side of the Qaidam Block and is interpreted as an ancient cratonic remnant that was detached from the Tarim Craton. There are regionally exposed granitic gneisses in the basement of the Quanji Massif whose protoliths were granitic intrusive rocks. Previous studies obtained intrusion ages for some of these granitic gneiss protoliths. The intrusion ages span a wide range from ~ 2.2 Ga to ~ 2.47 Ga. This study has determined the U-Pb zircon age of four granitic gneiss samples from the eastern, central and western parts of the Quanji Massif. CL images and trace elements show that the zircons from these four granitic gneisses have typical magmatic origins, and experienced different degrees of Pb loss due to strong metamorphism and deformation. LA-ICPMS zircon dating yields an upper intercept age of 2381 ± 41 (2σ) Ma from monzo-granitic gneiss in the Hudesheng area and 2392 ± 25 (2σ) Ma from granodioritic gneiss in the Mohe area, eastern Quanji Massif, and 2367 ± 12 (2σ) Ma from monzo-granitic gneiss in the Delingha area, central Quanji Massif, and 2372 ± 22 (2σ) Ma from monzo-granitic gneiss in the Quanjishan area, western Quanji Massif. These results reveal that the intrusive age of the protoliths of the widespread granitic gneisses in the Quanji Massif basement was restricted between 2.37 and 2.39 Ga, indicating regional granitic magmatism in the early Paleoproterozoic, perhaps related to the fragmentation stage of the Kenorland supercontinent. Geochemical results from the granodioritic gneiss from the Mohe area indicate that the protolith of this gneiss is characterized by adakitic rocks derived from partial melting of garnet-amphibolite beneath a thickened lower crust in a rifting regime after continent-continent collision and crustal thickening, genetically similar to the TTG gneisses in the North China Craton. This suggests that the Quanji Massif had a tectonic history similar to the Archean Central Orogenic Belt of North China Craton during the early Paleoproterozoic. We tentatively suggest that the Quanji Massif and the parental Tarim Craton and the North China Craton experienced rifting in the early Paleoproterozoic, after amalgamation at the end of the Archean. The Tarim Craton and North China Craton might have had close interaction from the late Neoarchean to the early Paleoproterozoic.     

华北中元古界古地磁测试新结果与Columbia超级大陆研究

华北地块中元古代杨庄组的古地磁研究提供了一个同时通过褶皱检验和倒转检验的古地磁极,极位置为经度190.4°、纬度2.4°。通过与Laurentia、Baltica和Siberia可靠的古地磁数据对比,支持了古—中元古代可能存在Columbia超级大陆的假说。华北地块与Laurentia、Baltica和Siberia视极移曲线的对比表明华北地块与Baltica在古—中元古代可能长期相连。     

扬子北缘晚古元古代A型花岗质岩:Columbia超大陆裂解的证据

为约束扬子陆块晚古元古代构造演化历史,以华山观岩体的钾长花岗岩和二长花岗岩为研究对象,开展地球化学、年代学、全岩Nd同位素及锆石Hf同位素分析。锆石U-Pb定年结果显示钾长花岗岩和二长花岗岩的结晶年龄分别为1860±12 Ma(MSWD=0.69)和1832±14 Ma(MSWD=0.48)。两类岩石都显示铝质A型花岗岩的地球化学特征,一致的ε_(Hf)(t)值(-10.9～-13.8)及其二阶段模式年龄(2962～3183 Ma),揭示其由同一套太古宙的地壳部分熔融形成。综合已有ε_(Hf)(t)值资料,表明扬子陆块广泛存在两套太古宙长英质地壳(3.0～3.5 Ga; 3.5～3.9 Ga),为华山观两类花岗岩的岩浆形成提供了物源。华山观岩体两类花岗岩的锆石饱和温度揭示源岩位于较深的地壳,且二长花岗岩的形成有更多热源的参与。结合扬子陆块同期(～1.85Ga)A型花岗岩的地球化学数据,认为华山观钾长花岗岩具有后碰撞A_2型花岗岩的特征,形成于后碰撞伸展环境,而华山观二长花岗岩具有A_1型花岗岩的地球化学特征,暗示造山后伸展到陆内裂谷过渡的构造背景,可能与Columbia超大陆裂解有关。     

全吉地块花岗片麻岩中镁铁质岩包体的矿物演化和锆石定年与古元古代区域变质作用

全吉地块中段古元古代早期的德令哈二长花岗片麻岩中发育一个来自围岩的变质镁铁质岩包体。该包体的岩性从核部到边缘依次为角闪斜长辉石岩、斜长角闪岩和石榴石角闪片岩。角闪斜长辉石岩的显微结构指示三个世代的矿物演化,世代Ⅰ为单斜辉石+棕绿色普通角闪石+斜长石+石英+钛铁矿,世代Ⅱ为蓝绿色普通角闪石+斜长石+石榴子石,世代Ⅲ为阳起石+钠长石+黝帘石。世代Ⅰ指示其峰期变质达高角闪岩相条件。角闪斜长辉石岩的锆石全部为浑圆状多晶面晶体,其CL图像具高温变质结晶特征。LA ICPMS技术测定获得上交点U Pb年龄为（1 913±38） Ma（MSWD=015）,指示峰期变质发生在古元古代末。研究表明,全吉地块中区域性分布的古元古代早期的二长花岗片麻岩与达肯大坂岩群在响应全球Columbia超大陆汇聚事件中一起发生了区域变质作用。     

扬子陆块西缘四川黎溪地区约1.5 Ga变辉长岩与Columbia超大陆裂解

扬子陆块西缘黎溪—菜子园—通安地区前寒武纪地质体分布广泛,是探讨扬子陆块前寒武纪地质演化的重要载体。对会理黎溪地区变辉长岩开展岩石学、全岩地球化学及锆石U-Pb定年研究。结果显示,黎溪变辉长岩形成于1508±21 Ma;在岩石地球化学组成上,它们属于亚碱性拉斑岩石系列,总体上略微富集轻稀土元素,高场强元素Nb、Ta、Zr、Hf等无明显亏损,大离子亲石元素Ba、Sr等不同程度富集。通过岩石成因分析认为,岩浆在上升过程中经历了一定程度的分离结晶作用,但并未受到明显的地壳混染,母岩浆可能来自软流圈地幔。地球化学和区域地质特征综合分析表明,黎溪变辉长岩与富集洋中脊型玄武岩的地球化学特征相似,可能形成于洋中脊及附近的海山环境,是Columbia超大陆裂解在扬子陆块的响应。     

塔里木克拉通古元古代晚期A型花岗岩成因及对哥伦比亚超大陆演化的指示意义

塔里木克拉通保存有古元古代晚期与哥伦比亚超大陆演化相关的岩浆和构造记录。本文综述了塔里木克拉通周缘的古元古代晚期A型花岗岩,识别出两期(1.95Ga和1.85~1.73Ga)具不同地球化学特征的A型花岗岩。两期花岗岩均来源于具英云闪长岩和花岗闪长岩成分特征的地壳的部分熔融。~1.95Ga花岗岩具有相对较高的SiO₂和Sr含量、Y/Nb和Ce/Nb比值、较低的ε_Hf(t)值(-13~-5.2),为A2型花岗岩,形成于活动大陆边缘或弧后伸展等构造环境;而1.85~1.73Ga花岗岩具有相对较低的SiO₂和Sr含量、Y/Nb和Ce/Nb比值、和较高的ε_Hf(t)(-5.9~+8.7)和ε_Nd(t)(-6.2~-2.5)值,为A2向A1过渡类型,形成于碰撞后伸展或者陆内伸展背景。笔者综述还发现塔里木克拉通内部元古代晚期岩浆和变质也可以明显的分为两期,岩浆岩峰值分别为1.93Ga和1.85Ga,变质年龄峰值为1.96Ga和1.84Ga,说明塔里木克拉通内部存在两期不同的古元古代晚期构造-岩浆事件。这两期构造-岩浆事件对应于俯冲型造山和碰撞造山后伸展环境,可能分别记录了哥伦比亚超大陆聚合和裂解过程,也就是说哥伦比亚超大陆可能在1.85Ga左右已经开始部分裂解。

     

塔里木盆地东南缘阿克塔什塔格地区古元古代精细年代格架的确定及其地质意义

塔里木盆地东南缘的阿克塔什塔格地区,基底变质杂岩中含有较多的古元古代变质侵入体及敦煌岩群孔兹岩系.变质侵入体规模一般较小,它们以岩体特征明显、与米兰岩群的侵入接触界线清晰、钠质混合岩化不发育、角闪岩相变质等特征区别新太古代TTG岩系.其中,以岩体形式较大规模出露的有闪长质片麻岩、片麻状石英闪长岩、角闪石英正长岩、碳酸岩...     

Constraints on the Palaeoproterozoic tectono-metamorphic evolution of the Lewisian Gneiss Complex,NW Scotland: Implications for Nuna assembly

Despite extensive investigation, the tectono-thermal evolution of the Archean crust in the Lewisian Gneiss Complex in NW Scotland (LGC) is debated. Most U–Pb zircon geochronological and metamorphic studies have focused on rocks from the central region of the mainland LGC, where granulite facies assemblages associated with the oldest (Badcallian) tectono-metamorphic event at c. 2.75 Ga are overprinted by younger amphibolite facies assemblages related to the Inverian (c. 2.5 Ga) and subsequent Laxfordian (c. 1.9–1.65 Ga) tectono-thermal events. In the southern and northern regions of the mainland LGC, deformation and metamorphism associated with the Laxfordian event are pervasive, although the timing and conditions are poorly constrained. Here, we present new field, petrographic and structural data, U–Pb zircon and titanite geochronology and phase equilibrium modelling of amphibolite samples from the northern and southern regions. Our field observations show that in both regions, pre-Laxfordian structures are significantly reworked by steep NW-striking fabrics that are themselves pervasively overprinted by co-axial deformation and amphibolite facies metamorphism related to the Laxfordian event. In situ U–Pb titanite geochronology yields Laxfordian ages of 1853 ± 20 Ma in the southern region (P = 6–8 kbar and T = 640–690°C) and 1750 ± 20 Ma and 1776 ± 10 Ma in the northern region (P = 6–7.5 kbar and T = 740–760°C). While U–Pb dating of zircon rims from felsic gneisses in the central region shows a dominant Inverian metamorphic overprint at c. 2500 Ma, zircon rims in felsic gneisses from the northern and southern regions commonly yield Laxfordian dates as young as c. 1800 Ma. Combined, the results support the idea that, during the Palaeoproterozoic, the central region of the LGC acted as low-strain domain, in which intense deformation and metamorphism were restricted to crustal-scale shear zones. By contrast, in the southern and northern regions, early (c. 1.85 Ga) and late (c. 1.75 Ga) Laxfordian deformation and fluid-mediated metamorphism were much more pervasive and at higher P–T conditions than previously proposed. The diachronous Laxfordian evolution of the southern and northern regions indicate that they reflect early and late snapshots of collisional to transpressional tectonics in the mainland LGC. The long-lasting Laxfordian evolution documents the collision of the Rae and North Atlantic cratons during the Palaeoproterozoic amalgamation of the supercontinent Nuna, with implications for the palaeogeographic configuration of NW Scotland during Palaeoproterozoic Nuna.     

哥伦比亚超大陆在扬子陆块西缘的探秘

在扬子陆块西缘的拉拉、小关河-东川、大红山等地区出露了3套古元古代Statherian期(1.6~1.8Ga)的浅变质岩系,被分别命名为河口群、通安组-汤丹群-东川群、大红山群。从2.0Ga至1.4Ga期间,其地质历史演化经历:(1)约2.2~1.8Ga的造山运动;(2)约1.7~1.5Ga发生的非造山裂解事件群;(3)约1.7~1.5Ga侵入到古元古代地层的基性岩墙群、层状侵入体事件;(4)因民、落雪地区,约1.5~1.2Ga发生的陆架裂陷事件;(5)上扬子古陆块西缘,约1.0Ga发生的碰撞造山事件。本文重点阐述了扬子陆块西缘1.8~1.6Ga时期大规模裂解事件群的性质、特点和同位素年龄数据,认为上扬子陆块裂解事件群的性质、特点和时代等特征与华北、北美、西伯利亚和西北欧有很大的相似性,并提出了古元古代扬子陆块与其它陆块曾经联合的证据。     

内蒙古固阳地区白云常合山A型花岗岩:年代学、地球化学、Hf同位素研究及其对Columbia超大陆裂解的响应

在对固阳白云常合山花岗岩详细的野外地质调查基础上,对其岩相学、地球化学、锆石U-Pb年代学及Lu-Hf同位素特征进行了综合研究。白云常合山花岗岩的地球化学特征显示其具有高SiO2（70.68%~77.21%）、富碱（7.88%~9.21%）、高Fe2O3T/MgO（12.60~90.38）和10000×Ga/Al（3.63~6.17）值,低Al2O3（11.70%~13.23%）、MgO（0.06%~0.24%）、CaO（0.23%~1.20%）的特征;微量元素富集Rb、Th、K等,亏损Ba、Sr、Eu、Ti、P;稀土元素总量较高,轻稀土富集,重稀土亏损,呈现典型的右倾"海鸥型"分布模式,具有明显的Eu负异常。通过锆石饱和温度的计算,得到白云常合山花岗岩的结晶温度为824~957℃,平均值为903℃,表明其形成于高温环境。这些特征与A型花岗岩相一致。锆石LA-ICP-MS年龄测试结果显示,白云常合山花岗岩形成于~1720Ma;锆石εHf（t）=-1.84~+6.08,以正值为主,单阶段模式年龄和二阶段模式年龄分别为1.9~2.2Ga和2.5~3.2Ga,岩浆源区主要是新太古代新生地壳,在上升过程中可能受到古老地壳物质的混染。构造环境判别图解显示其为A1型花岗岩,且有板内岩浆的特点,因此白云常合山花岗岩应该是大陆裂谷岩浆活动的产物。结合区域上与裂解事件有关地质体的同位素年代学资料,认为白云常合山花岗岩应该是固阳地区年龄可靠的最早响应哥伦比亚超大陆裂解的岩体。     

从华北燕辽岩床群到哥伦比亚超大陆巨型裂谷系——燕辽大火成岩省近20年研究回顾与展望

近20年的研究工作表明,华北克拉通北部燕辽地区侵入到中元古代沉积地层中的大规模辉绿岩床群构成了一个1. 32 Ga的基性大火成岩省。该大火成岩省与华北克拉通西北缘白云鄂博矿区富稀土 铌火成碳酸岩相伴生。大火成岩省、沉积地层对比和古地磁资料研究结果表明,燕辽大火成岩省与北澳大利亚克拉通代理姆 加里温库大火成岩省是被大陆裂解分割开来的同一个基性大火成岩省的组成部分,显示1. 8~1. 3 Ga期间华北克拉通北 北东缘与北澳大利亚克拉通北缘在哥伦比亚（奴那）超大陆中长期相邻（连）。全球1. 4~1. 3 Ga大火成岩省及基性岩浆活动的时空分布及其岩石学、地球化学及同位素组成对比研究显示,这些全球广泛分布的大火成岩省或基性岩浆活动主要形成于裂谷环境。结合1. 4 Ga左右哥伦比亚超大陆古地理重建结果,发现在哥伦比亚超大陆中存在沿劳伦（北美+格陵兰）克拉通西缘、西伯利亚克拉通西缘及北缘、波罗地克拉通东南缘、西非克拉通西缘及北缘、亚马逊克拉通西南缘、刚果/圣弗朗西斯科克拉通南缘及东缘、卡拉哈里克拉通东缘、华北克拉通北缘及北澳大利亚克拉通北缘分布,长度>15000 km的巨型裂谷系。该巨型裂谷系由一个主裂谷带和三个分支裂谷组成,其中主裂谷带和位于华北与北澳大利亚克拉通之间的分支裂谷发展成了大洋,并导致了大陆分离;而位于西伯利亚东缘、格陵兰北缘和波罗地东缘的1. 38 Ga分支裂谷,以及位于北美北缘和西伯利亚西南缘的1. 35~1. 32 Ga分支裂谷则为夭折裂谷,未导致大陆裂离。这一巨型裂谷系是哥伦比亚超大陆裂解的重要标志,并可能是其最终裂解的最主要原因。另外,研究结果也显示,虽然全球两个最大规模的火成碳酸岩型稀土矿床,即华北克拉通西北缘的白云鄂博超大型稀土矿床和北美克拉通西缘的Mountain Pass超大型稀土矿床在哥伦比亚超大陆中并不相邻（相连）,但却可以通过1. 4~1. 3 Ga巨型裂谷系相联系起来,显示这一巨型裂谷系控制了白云鄂博和Mountain Pass大型稀土矿床的形成,并具有较好的稀土及金属成矿潜力。未来需要进一步加强燕辽辉绿岩床群侵位机制与岩浆补给系统,岩床侵位过程中温室气体排放量定量估算及其环境效应,哥伦比亚超大陆中1. 4~1. 3 Ga巨型裂谷系的形成机制、深部动力学背景、环境效应及资源能源潜力等方面的研究。     

An early Paleoproterozoic high-K intrusive complex in southwestern Tarim Block, NW China: Age, geochemistry, and tectonic implications

Systematic geochronologic, geochemical, and Nd isotopic analyses were carried out for an early Paleoproterozoic high-K intrusive complex exposed in southwestern Tarim, NW China. The results provide a better understanding of the Paleoproterozoic tectonic evolution of the Tarim Block. Zircon U–Pb age dating indicates two Paleoproterozoic magmatic episodes occurring at ca. 2.41 Ga and ca. 2.34 Ga respectively, which were followed by a ca. 1.9 Ga metamorphic event. The 2.41 Ga granodiorite–adamellite suite shares characteristics of late to post-orogenic metaluminous A-type granites in its high alkalinity (Na₂O + K₂O = 7.6–9.3%), total REE (410–788 ppm), Zr (370–660 ppm), and Y (21.7–58.4 ppm) contents. εNd(t) values for the suite range from − 3.22 to − 4.71 and accordingly the Nd modal ages (T_2DM) vary between 3.05 Ga and 3.17 Ga. Based on geochemical data, the 2.34 Ga suite can be subdivided into two sub-suites, namely A-type and S-type. However, both types have comparable Nd isotope compositions (εNd(t) ≈ − 0.41 to − 2.08) and similar narrow T_2DM ranges (2.76–2.91 Ga).Geochemical and Nd isotopic data for the high-K intrusive complex, in conjunction with the regional geological setting, suggest that both the 2.41 Ga suite and the 2.34 Ga A-type sub-suite might have been produced by partial melting of the Archean mafic crust in a continental rift environment. The S-type sub-suite is thought to have formed by partial melting of felsic pelites and/or metagreywackes recycled from Archean crust (TTG?). Gabbro enclaves with positive εNd(t) value (2.15) have been found to be intermingling within the 2.34 Ga suite; ca. 2.34–2.36 Ga gabbroic dykes and adamellites have previously been documented in eastern Tarim. These observations indicate that the high-K intrusions may reflect the emergence of depleted mantle upwelling beneath the Tarim Block at that time. We suggest a three-stages model for the Precambrian crustal evolution in the Tarim Block: (1) the formation of proto-crust (TTG) by ca. 2.5 Ga, (2) episodes of felsic magmatism possibly occurring in continental rift environments at ca. 2.41 Ga and ca. 2.34–2.36 Ga, and (3) ca. 1.9 Ga metamorphism that may represent the solidification of the Precambrian basement of the Tarim Block.     

红安造山带南缘古元古代杂岩体的发现对扬子板块古元古代造山事件的约束

识别并研究扬子板块古元古代的岩浆-变质-沉积事件,是探讨扬子板块古元古代构造演化的基础,也是重建该陆块在Columbia超大陆中位置的前提.新发现的金盆杂岩体为进一步揭示扬子板块古元古代岩浆事件和造山过程提供了新的制约信息.锆石U-Pb定年结果表明,金盆片麻状二长花岗岩、奥长花岗岩和基性岩脉的形成年龄分别为～ 2478...     

海南三亚中元古代变质砾岩的发现及其对Columbia超大陆裂解的指示

海南岛中元古代沉积记录对于探讨华南陆块早期大陆演化过程起关键作用。对海南三亚三郎岭地区奥陶系干沟村组砂岩-板岩组合中的变砾岩形成时代进行了重新厘定。碎屑锆石U-Pb同位素年龄分析结果表明,65颗锆石207Pb/206U年龄范围为2691~1350 Ma,且分成2691~2444 Ma、1838~1632 Ma、1540~1350 Ma三组,形成约1699 Ma、约1440 Ma 2个主要峰值和约2461 Ma的1个次要峰值。基于最年轻锆石年龄为1350 Ma,且没有出现海南岛常见的1250~1100 Ma和1000~900 Ma年龄记录,将该套变质砾岩沉积时代限定在1350~1250 Ma,而并非前人划属的奥陶纪,这是海南岛首次发现中元古代的砾岩建造。该套变砾岩砾石成分成熟度高、结构成熟度中等,表现为裂谷盆地高密度的碎屑流沉积特征,是研究区Columbia超大陆裂解晚期的沉积响应。变质砾岩与劳伦大陆西部的Belt-Purcell超群下部沉积地层具有相似的碎屑锆石年龄组成和年龄谱特征,暗示中元古代哥伦比亚超大陆中,海南岛与劳伦西部靠近。     

赞比亚东北部陇都地区首次发现中元古代辉长岩:哥伦比亚超大陆裂解在班韦乌卢地块的响应

赞比亚东北部陇都地区位于班韦乌卢地块中东部,区内首次发现中元古代基性岩浆侵入事件,对于了解班韦乌卢地块中元古代构造演化历史及哥伦比亚超大陆的重建具有重要意义.针对研究区的辉长岩进行了系统的岩相学、LA-MC-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年代学、岩石地球化学和锆石Hf同位素研究.结果表明,辉长岩锆石中17粒具有他形板柱状,内...