Geochemistry of the Great Valley Group: an integrated provenance record

Sedimentary geochemistry of fine-grained strata of the Great Valley Group (GVG) in California documents a provenance signal that may better represent unstable, mafic minerals and volcanic clasts within sediment source regions than the provenance signal documented in the petrofacies and detrital zircon analysis of coarser sedimentary fractions. Geochemistry of the GVG provides an overall provenance framework within which to interpret sandstone petrofacies and detrital zircon age signatures. The geochemical signature for all Sacramento Valley samples records an overall continental arc source, with significant variation but no clear spatial or temporal trends, indicating that the geochemical provenance signal remained relatively consistent and homogenized through deposition of Sacramento basin strata. The San Joaquin basin records a distinct geochemical provenance signature that shifted from Early to Late Cretaceous time, with Lower Cretaceous strata recording the most mafic trace element geochemical signature of any GVG samples, and Upper Cretaceous strata recording the most felsic geochemical signature. These provenance results suggest that the early San Joaquin basin received sediment from the southern Sierran foothills terranes and intruding plutons during the Early Cretaceous, with sediment sources shifting east as the southern Sierran batholith was exhumed and more deeply eroded during the Late Cretaceous. The GVG provenance record does not require sediment sources inboard of the arc at any time during GVG deposition, and even earliest Cretaceous drainage systems may not have traversed the arc to link the continental interior with the margin. Because the GVG provenance signature is entirely compatible with sediment sources within the Klamath Mountains, the northern and western Sierran foothills belt, and the main Cretaceous Sierran batholith, the Klamath-Sierran magmatic arc may have formed a high-standing topographic barrier throughout the Cretaceous period.     

鸡西、勃利盆地白垩纪砂岩的物源分析及构造意义

鸡西、勃利盆地白垩纪砂岩骨架矿物成分的模式分析显示：下白垩统城子河组和穆棱组砂岩的源区主要为切割型岛弧,结合古水流方向和砂岩地球化学特征研究,物源区主要为小兴安岭-张广才岭;上白垩统猴石沟组砂岩的源区主要为基底隆升和切割型岛弧。结合古水流方向和砾石的统计结果认为,鸡西、勃利盆地物源区主要为桦南隆起和密山隆起,以及小兴安岭-张广才岭。据白垩纪砂岩物源,晚白垩世砾岩成分,以及区域地质资料分析,下白垩统城子河组和穆棱组时期,鸡西盆地、勃利盆地和黑龙江东部各盆地为统一的原型盆地,早白垩世末期随着桦南隆起和密山隆起的隆升而破坏。并在晚白垩世早期已隆升,并为周缘盆地提供物源,形成现今黑龙江东北部地区的盆岭格局。     

Detrital modes and provenance of the Stilo-Capo d'Orlando Formation (Miocene), southern Italy

The Stilo-Capo d'Orlando Formation (SCO Fm) is a Miocene clastic unit nonconformably covering the basement of the southern portion of the Calabria-Peloritani Arc (CPA), a small-scale terrane which was accreted onto the Apennines-Maghrebides orogenic system during Neogene time. The SCO Fm is composed of conglomerate, sandstone and mudrock deposited in a marine environment through the action of gravity currents. Detrital modes of sandstones and conglomerates of the SCO Fm indicate a local provenance. In fact, petrological parameters can be matched directly with nearby basement lithologies. Two petrofacies with distinctive parameters are present. A northern petrofacies is predominantly composed of plutonic and low-grade metamorphic detritus, and was derived from the Serre massif, which is mostly made of late Hercynian plutons intruded into metasedimentary rocks. A southern petrofacies is mostly composed of metamorphic detritus and was derived from the Aspromonte and the Peloritani Mountains, which are predominantly composed of middle-to high-grade metamorphic rocks. Petrological results place important constraints on the geodynamic evolution of the CPA. According to several authors, the arc is composed of two sectors (microterranes) with different geological histories and partly composed of contrasting rock types, whose timing of juxtaposition is debated (Early Cretaceous against middle-late Miocene; that is, much before or soon after deposition of the SCO Fin). The SCO Fm crops out only in the southern sector of the CPA and does not contain any detritus derived from the northern sector, in spite of a favourable sediment palaeodispersal system. This fact indicates that the amalgamation of the two sectors probably took place after deposition of the SCO Fm.     

拉萨—羌塘地体碰撞时限:来自班公湖—怒江缝合带中段多尼组沉积的约束

早白垩世多尼组沿西藏北部班公湖—怒江缝合带沿线广泛分布,其沉积环境、碎屑组成和沉积物源等记录了班公湖—怒江特提斯洋闭合后拉萨—羌塘地体碰撞的演化历史。班戈地区多尼组以角度不整合于侏罗纪海相复理石之上,主要由砾岩、砂岩、粉砂岩、泥岩及少量安山岩夹层组成。砂岩中普遍发育槽状、板状、楔状交错层理,泥岩中可见泥裂,砾岩多为透镜状并发育叠瓦状构造,指示其形成于河流—三角洲沉积,且总体呈现出向上变粗的沉积组合序列。对多尼组中安山岩夹层样品进行LA?ICP?MS锆石U?Pb定年,获得206U/238Pb加权平均年龄为114 ± 0.4 Ma。对砾岩中砾石成分和砂岩碎屑组成的统计分析结果显示,多尼组沉积组合中的碎屑组成主要来自蛇绿岩、中酸性岩浆岩、沉积岩和少量变质岩。砂岩重砂矿物组合和古水流分析结果表明,多尼组的沉积物源主要来自其南北两侧的拉萨和羌塘地体以及其下伏蛇绿岩。综合区域地质资料,班戈地区早白垩世多尼组是班公湖—怒江特提斯洋闭合过程中拉萨—羌塘地体碰撞背景下沉积作用的产物。     

Cretaceous sedimentary blanketing and tectonic rejuvenation in the Western Klamath moutains: Insights from thermochronology

We present new thermochronometric analyses of 4 samples from the Western Klamath mountains in California and Oregon, together with a re-evaluation of available geological constraint from a thermo-tectonic perspective. Early Cretaceous cooling of basement samples is seen to reflect significant exhumation by normal faulting, linked to the Separation Episode during which the Klamah region was rifted away from the formerly contiguous Sierra Nevada block. Syn-faulting sedimentation and subsequent Early Cretaceous re-heating of samples establishes the former continuity of scattered Hornbrook Formation remnants as a significant sedimentary basin spanning the Klamath region, with local maximum thickness of at least 5 km. This basin experienced significant inversion during early Cordilleran development around 110–120 Ma, with further unrooting and almost complete eversion in the Late Cretaceous, associated with Laramide uplift of the region.     

碎屑矿物年代对佳木斯隆起隆升时间的制约

对佳木斯隆起周缘的勃利盆地和鸡西盆地中的早白垩世穆棱组和滴道组砂岩样品进行了系统的碎屑锆石U-Pb同位素年代学和碎屑白云母40Ar/39Ar同位素年代学研究。结果表明,滴道组和穆棱组沉积时期,没有500Ma或大于500Ma的来自佳木斯地块基底的年龄纪录,暗示佳木斯隆起在早白垩世穆棱组沉积时期尚未隆起。黑龙江东部盆地群为统一的原型盆地,结合对该区白垩纪砂岩的矿物组成和砾石统计的研究成果,认为早白垩世末东山组沉积以后佳木斯隆起开始隆升,猴石沟组沉积时期佳木斯隆起已经隆升到一定高度并为其周缘盆地提供物源,同时随着佳木斯隆起的隆升,原来早白垩世的统一盆地遭到分割破坏,形成诸多相对独立的盆地。     

四川大邑-汶川地区侏罗-第三系砾岩特征及沉积环境

龙门山中南段四川大邑、崇州、都江堰、汶川地区，侏罗系、白垩系、第三系发育良好，划分为侏罗系白田坝组、千佛岩组、沙溪庙组、遂宁组、莲花口组及五龙沟砾岩一组至三组；白垩系天马山组、夹关组和灌口组；下第三系名山组和上第三系（上部包括部分第四系）的大邑砾岩等岩石地层单元。各个地层单元中几乎都有砾岩沉积。概述了该区砾岩的时空分布及特征，按沉积环境将砾岩划分为冲积扇砾岩、河道滞留砾岩及湖滨砾岩等，最后讨论了物源区及其时空演化。     

塔里木盆地西南部下白垩统克孜勒苏群沉积特征与成矿成藏作用*

通过对塔里木盆地西南部(塔西南)江格结尔地区下白垩统克孜勒苏群地层剖面测量,该地区的克孜勒苏群分为5个岩性段,岩性主要为泥质粉砂岩、岩屑砂岩、含砾砂岩、砾岩等,沉积相主要为辫状河三角洲相;其上覆的上白垩统库克拜组为介壳灰岩、膏质泥岩,沉积相为浅海相、滨海潟湖相; 下伏的上侏罗统库孜贡苏组岩性主要为杂砾岩、含砂杂砾岩和石英砂岩等,沉积相为冲积扇相;三者呈整合接触。从该区下白垩统克孜勒苏群的沉积特征来看,早白垩世为陆源碎屑沉积环境,在晚白垩世转入海相沉积环境。对比该区北侧陆内造山带中的拉分断陷盆地(萨热克巴依盆地)中下白垩统克孜勒苏群的地层层序,该区仅沉积了下白垩统克孜勒苏群下部3个岩性段而缺失上部岩性段,表明在早白垩世后期塔里木盆地北侧西南天山发生过一次抬升作用。下白垩统克孜勒苏群是铜铅锌铀矿等金属矿产的赋矿层位,同时也是塔里木盆地石油和天然气的重要储集层位,在铜铅锌等矿石中常可见大量的沥青等有机质,这些有机质主要源于下伏侏罗系的煤系烃源岩,并通过成矿流体参与了金属矿产的成矿作用,因而这种多矿种“同盆共存”的现象,在沉积盆地的研究中作为整体的成矿系统来研究将更有意义。     

A geological transect between the Klamath Mountains and the Pacific Ocean (Southwestern Oregon): A model for paleosubductions

A geological cross-section between Vulcan Peak (Klamath Mountains) and Gold Beach (Pacific Ocean) shows several tectonic sheets thrust to the west. From the coast to the east, in tectonic superposition:

1. (1) The metamorphosed Franciscan Complex includes the Tithonian-Neocomian Otter Point and Dothan Formations, and, above them, a mélange unit and the Colebrooke Schist.

2. (2) Over them all lie the Red Flat, Game Lake and Snow Camp peridotite units, which are cut by granodioritic dykes of the Nevadan Orogeny and covered by Tithonian-Neocomian sediments (Myrtle Group). We have considered these granite-bearing ultramafic units as klippen thrust westward from the Klamath Mountains.

Several stages of deformation are superimposed:

1. (1) Disconformable upon the Otter Point Formation are the unmetamorphosed detrital Cape Sebastian and Hunters Cove Formations. Their Late Cretaceous age gives here an upper limit to the Franciscan metamorphism and tectonics.

2. (2) The first reworked fragments of Colebrooke Schist or ultramafic units are not found in the Campanian Cape Sebastian basal conglomerates (which are affected by some thrusting), but in the Middle Eocene Lookingglass Formation. Thus, major thrusting happened during Late Cretaceous and Early Tertiary times.

A geodynamic model is given: in southwestern Oregon, the Franciscan was probably deposited during Late Jurassic and earliest Cretaceous (Tithonian and Neocomian) times in a marginal basin, between an island arc to the west (Otter Point Formation in part) and the North American continent (Klamath Mountains) to the east. This Franciscan marginal basin was probably closed during the Early Cretaceous (i.e. Franciscan subduction). The present day structures (thrust plates, folds) are probably due mainly to the later collision between the continental margin and the arc and, to a much lesser degree, to early subduction, the marginal basin being consumed by subduction first, and then by collision.     

塔里木盆地西南部下白垩统克孜勒苏群沉积特征与成矿成藏作用*

通过对塔里木盆地西南部(塔西南)江格结尔地区下白垩统克孜勒苏群地层剖面测量,该地区的克孜勒苏群分为5个岩性段,岩性主要为泥质粉砂岩、岩屑砂岩、含砾砂岩、砾岩等,沉积相主要为辫状河三角洲相;其上覆的上白垩统库克拜组为介壳灰岩、膏质泥岩,沉积相为浅海相、滨海潟湖相; 下伏的上侏罗统库孜贡苏组岩性主要为杂砾岩、含砂杂砾岩和石英砂岩等,沉积相为冲积扇相;三者呈整合接触。从该区下白垩统克孜勒苏群的沉积特征来看,早白垩世为陆源碎屑沉积环境,在晚白垩世转入海相沉积环境。对比该区北侧陆内造山带中的拉分断陷盆地(萨热克巴依盆地)中下白垩统克孜勒苏群的地层层序,该区仅沉积了下白垩统克孜勒苏群下部3个岩性段而缺失上部岩性段,表明在早白垩世后期塔里木盆地北侧西南天山发生过一次抬升作用。下白垩统克孜勒苏群是铜铅锌铀矿等金属矿产的赋矿层位,同时也是塔里木盆地石油和天然气的重要储集层位,在铜铅锌等矿石中常可见大量的沥青等有机质,这些有机质主要源于下伏侏罗系的煤系烃源岩,并通过成矿流体参与了金属矿产的成矿作用,因而这种多矿种“同盆共存”的现象,在沉积盆地的研究中作为整体的成矿系统来研究将更有意义。     

Upper cretaceous (Santonian-Campanian) ammonite and inoceramid biostratigraphy of the Chico Formation,California

Outcrops of the Upper Cretaceous (Coniacian-Campanian) Chico Formation, exposed along the east flank of California's northern Great Valley, have yielded a highly diverse, well-preserved molluscan fauna. Previously uncollected deposits, as well as classic localities, have been stratigraphically collected to determine the Santonian-Campanian succession of important ammonites and inoceramid bivalves.Five megafossil zones are readily identifed in outcrops of the Chico Formation. These are, in ascending stratigraphic order, the zones of Hyphantoceras venustum, Baculites capensis, Bostrychoceras elongatum, Inoceramus schmidti and Baculites chicoensis.Two of the zones, Bostrychoceras elongatum and I. schmidti, are missing at the type locality of the Chico Formation because of a stratigraphic disconformity. As a result, previous conceptions about the ranges of some important ammonites and inoceramids in California are in error.Lowest exposures of the H. venustum Zone in the Chico Formation are probably latestConiacian in age. Recent palaeomagnetic sampling of Cretaceous strata of the Great Valley (Ward et al., 1983) has confirmed that the Baculites chicoensis Zone is indicative of the lowest Campanian. The age of the I. schmidti Zone in California is therefore latest Santonian.This molluscan sequence enables precise correlation of Chico strata with other Upper Cretaceous outcrop in the Great Valley; in addition, lowermost deposits of the Upper Cretaceous Nanaimo Group of British Columbia can now be firmly correlated with California strata.     

西秦岭造山带徽成盆地早白垩世地层物源综合分析

徽成盆地是西秦岭造山带内一个具有代表性的盆地,保留较完整的地层记录.早白垩世田家坝组、周家湾组和鸡山组为一套砂砾岩沉积组合序列.本文通过对早白垩世砂岩的古水流恢复、砾石成分与含量、重矿物和地球化学分析,对沉积岩物源区特征和原型盆地进行探讨.古水流恢复和砾石成分统计表明,沉积物主要是近源堆积,主要来自于盆地南缘和北部.重矿物研究结果表明,早白垩世砂岩母岩以岩浆岩为主,并有少量变质岩/沉积岩.地球化学分析表明,早白垩世砂岩为成熟度较低的硬砂岩和长石/岩屑砂屑岩.稀土元素标准化配分曲线呈现轻稀土富集、重稀土平坦和弱Eu负异常特征.砂岩物源区组成判别图研究表明,早白垩世砂岩的物源区主要出露长英质火山岩.砂岩源区构造环境判别图解及特征指数分析表明,早白垩世砂岩源区主要形成于大陆岛弧和活动大陆边缘.结合区域资料和前人研究,表明早白垩世徽成地区发育走滑拉分盆地.     

Sedimentary provenance of the Hengyang and Mayang basins,SE China,and implications for the Mesozoic topographic change in South China Craton: Evidence from detrital zircon geochronology

Detrital zircon U–Pb data from sedimentary rocks in the Hengyang and Mayang basins, SE China reveal a change in basin provenance during or after Early Cretaceous. The results imply a provenance of the sediment from the North China Craton and Dabie Orogen for the Upper Triassic to Middle Jurassic sandstones and from the Indosinian granitic plutons in the South China Craton for the Lower Cretaceous sandstones. The 90–120 Ma age group in the Upper Cretaceous sandstones in the Hengyang Basin is correlated with Cretaceous volcanism along the southeastern margin of South China, suggesting a coastal mountain belt have existed during the Late Cretaceous. The sediment provenance of the basins and topographic evolution revealed by the geochronological data in this study are consistent with a Mesozoic tectonic setting from Early Mesozoic intra-continental compression through late Mesozoic Pacific Plate subduction in SE China.     

准噶尔盆地南缘中-新生界沉积物重矿物分析与盆山格局演化

本文通过分析准噶尔盆地南缘野外剖面、部分钻井岩心和天山内部野外剖面的碎屑重矿物及其组合特征,探讨了准噶尔盆地中-新生代物源体系和盆山格局的演化。准噶尔盆地南缘至少存在3个物源体系,各物源体系的重矿物组合、含量及其反映的物源属性均存在较大差异;其中,南部天山物源还存在东、西两部的差异。不同重矿物组合出现和不稳定重矿物的增加显示中-新生代存在3个构造活动相对活跃期,即晚侏罗世—早白垩世早期、晚白垩世和晚新生代。早-中侏罗世天山内部发育多个分隔的小型盆地,盆地南部边界至少位于后峡附近,不存在地理分隔明显的天山;晚侏罗世—早白垩世早期是天山隆升、盆山格局发生转变的时期,博格达山逐渐构成盆地南缘的又一重要物源;白垩纪—古近纪盆山格局变化不大,新近纪以来的强烈挤压构造背景使得天山山脉快速隆升,盆山格局发生重大改变。准噶尔盆地南缘中-新生代构造相对活跃期和盆山格局演变与欧亚板块南缘发生的构造事件具有良好的对应关系。     

Petrology and provenance of the Toro Negro Formation (Neogene) of the Vinchina broken-foreland basin (Central Andes of Argentina)

Detrital modes of sandstones and conglomerates of the Toro Negro Formation (Late Miocene-early Pliocene) were used to analyze the evolution of the broken-foreland stage of the Vinchina Basin (28°30′–29°00′ S and 68°30′–68°20′ W) of NW Argentina. This basin located in the Western Sierras Pampeanas is bounded to the west by the Precordillera and to the east by the Famatina System. Three sandstone petrofacies: plutonic-metamorphic, volcanic and mixed petrofacies and three conglomerate lithic associations: basement, sedimentary and volcanic lithic associations were recognized, allowing to establish three source areas: Western Sierras Pampeanas (Toro Negro and Umango Ranges), Cordillera Frontal and Precordillera.During the Late Miocene, the Toro Negro Range (to the north) together with the Cordillera Frontal and Precordillera (to the west) were the main sources for depositional sequences I and II (lower member of the Toro Negro Formation). On the contrary, during the latest Miocene-early Pliocene, Depositional Sequence III (upper member) exhibited a progressive increase in the supply from the eastern Precordillera (to the west) with additional material from the Umango Range to the south. Besides, evidence of synchronic volcanism is recorded in the upper part of Depositional Sequence II and the lower part of Depositional Sequence III.The coexistence of the three source areas and the changing distribution patterns due to re-accommodation of sediment dispersal routes demonstrate that the evolution of this type of basin is much more complex than previously envisaged. Therefore, an integrated analysis using different tools (sedimentary facies, paleocurrent measurements, sandstone petrography and conglomerate composition) is needed for a clearer understanding of broken-foreland basins.     

Integrated provenance analysis of a convergent retroarc foreland system: U–Pb ages,heavy minerals,Nd isotopes,and sandstone compositions of the Middle Magdalena Valley basin,northern Andes,Colombia

Sediment provenance analysis remains a powerful method for testing hypotheses on the temporal and spatial evolution of uplifted source regions, but issues such as recycling, nonunique sources, and pre- and post-depositional modifications may complicate interpretation of results from individual provenance techniques. Convergent retroarc systems commonly contain sediment sources that are sufficiently diverse (continental magmatic arc, fold–thrust belt, and stable craton) to enable explicit provenance assessments. In this paper, we combine detrital zircon U–Pb geochronology, heavy mineral identification, Nd isotopic analyses, conventional sandstone petrography, and paleocurrent measurements to reconstruct the clastic provenance history of a long-lived sedimentary basin now exposed in an intermontane zone of the northern Andean hinterland of Colombia. The Middle Magdalena Valley basin, situated between the Central Cordillera and Eastern Cordillera, contains a 5–10 km-thick succession of Upper Cretaceous to Quaternary fill. The integrated techniques show a pronounced change in provenance during the Paleocene transition from the lower to upper Lisama Formation. We interpret this as a shift from an eastern cratonic source to a western Andean source composed of magmatic-arc rocks uplifted during initial shortening of the Central Cordillera. The appearance of detrital chloritoid and a shift to more negative ε_Nd(t=0) values in middle Eocene strata of the middle La Paz Formation are attributed to shortening-related exhumation of a continental basement block (La Cira–Infantas paleohigh), now buried, along the axis of the Magdalena Valley. The diverse provenance proxies also show distinct changes during middle to late Eocene deposition of the Esmeraldas Formation that likely reflect initial rock uplift and exhumation of the fold–thrust belt defining the Eastern Cordillera. Upsection, detrital zircon U–Pb ages and heavy mineral assemblages for Oligocene and younger clastic deposits indicate that the Mesozoic sedimentary cover of the Eastern Cordillera was recycled during continued Cenozoic shortening. Our multidisciplinary provenance study refines the tectonic history of the Colombian Andes and demonstrates that uncertainties related to sediment recycling, nonunique sources, source heterogeneity, and climate in interpreting provenance data can be minimized via an integrated approach.     

Unraveling multiple provenance areas using sandstone petrofacies and geochemistry: An example in the southern flank of the Golfo San Jorge Basin (Patagonia,Argentina)

The aim of this paper is to study the provenance of Late Cretaceous sandstones deposited along the south flank of the Golfo San Jorge Basin. For this purpose, detrital modes of three hundred thirty-seven sandstone samples collected in the Mina del Carmen, Bajo Barreal, and Cañadón Seco Formations were studied in ten oil fields. According to the modal composition of the sandstones, six petrofacies were defined allowing the identification of not only principal, but also secondary provenance areas. The QVM and VQM petrofacies are more than 20% metamorphic, sedimentary, and polycrystalline quartz clasts (Lm + Ls + Qpg > 20%), evidencing a secondary signal of basement supply masked by a predominant volcanic provenance. The petrofacies VP and VF are characterized by Lm + Ls + Qpg <20% and more than 20% total feldspar (Pm + Om >20%.), which indicate a supply of sediment from volcanic terrains and scarce derivation of materials from basement rocks. Based on the plagioclase/k-feldspar ratio, the VF petrofacies is interpreted to be dominated by the supply of sand grains from the Andean volcanic-arc, while VP is supposed have originated through the erosion of intermediate volcanic rock outcroppings in the Macizo del Deseado. Finally, both the VQ and QV petrofacies show Lm + Ls + Qpg <20% and Pm + Om<20%, indicating a provenance of volcanic areas coupled with minor contributions from basement rocks. During the Late Cretaceous, the Golfo San Jorge Basin underwent a sag phase that was characterized by very scarce volcanism and tectonic activity. Although these conditions did not favor defined patterns in the vertical stacking of petrofacies, the sandstones exhibit remarkable changes in their regional distribution, which were determined by the paleogeography of the basin and differences in basement composition within the source areas. Finally, a paleogeographic model for sediment circulation in the basin is proposed. This model recognizes the main fluvial dispersal trends that flowed northwest to southeast and transported large amounts of volcanic clasts (associated with petrofacies VF-VQ). To the extent that rivers flowed eastward, a secondary supply from the Precambrian basement, which were composed of low-to high-grade metamorphic rocks, was also important (petrofacies association VQM and QVM). The southwestern area of the basin is dominated by VP petrofacies that record the supply of plagioclase-rich volcanic clasts. This petrofacies likely corresponds to the erosion of Jurassic volcanic units that crop out in the Macizo del Deseado.     

准噶尔盆地南缘东段侏罗系—白垩系物源及其演化特征

准噶尔盆地南缘东段侏罗系—白垩系储层油气勘探潜力巨大,但关于其物源条件及沉积背景演化方面的认识较为有限,严重制约了后续油气勘探开发进程。为顺利开展后续油气勘探,笔者应用砂岩碎屑成分、砾岩砾石成分、重矿物类型及组合特征、古水流特征、地层岩性比例特征等物源分析方法,并结合区域构造演化背景,对准噶尔盆地南缘东段侏罗系—白垩系沉积物源特征进行厘定,并恢复其演化过程。研究结果表明：早侏罗世,博格达山尚未隆升,准南东段物源体系受控于北部克拉美丽山及南部天山山体,研究区南部原始沉积边界距现今盆地边界最远;自中侏罗世以来,由于受周缘山体隆升及燕山运动影响,博格达山开始隆升并逐渐出露水面,对准南东段物源体系产生一定影响;自晚侏罗世—早白垩世,博格达山的持续隆升作用使其隆起高度和规模不断增大,并最终成为准南东段优势物源区,克拉美丽山隆起幅度也不断增大,而使其供源能力增强。整体上,早侏罗世—中侏罗世,准南东段受南部天山物源体系和北部克拉美丽山物源体系共同影响;而在中侏罗世—早白垩世这一沉积期,南部天山物源体系、北部克拉美丽山物源体系和博格达山物源体系并存,但各物源体系对准南东段侏罗系—白垩系影响程度存在差异。     

论福建坂头组的时代及对比

<正> 坂头组系陈恺(1943)命名,未指定建组剖面,以永安城北坂头村一带的岩性为标准。当时称坂头系,时代为早白垩世。坂头组分布在崇安、永安和泰宁举岚等盆地,宁化、安溪、仙游、古田和霞浦等地亦有零星出露。对坂头组的时代归属存在二种意见:福建省区调队(1976—1985)、原福建石油地质队(1978)、顾知微(1980、1982)、王思恩等(1985)归于