滇西南云岭锡矿三叠纪花岗岩年代学、地球化学与云母矿物学特征:对锡成矿的指示意义

云岭锡矿位于保山地块东缘的云岭花岗岩体内,含矿岩石主要为黑云母二长花岗岩,局部显示片麻状构造。本文锆石U-Pb定年结果表明云岭花岗岩侵位于222.8±1.3Ma,其Si O₂为64.83%～66.05%,K₂O为3.30%～3.72%,Na₂O为1.91%～2.19%,铝饱和指数(A/CNK)为1.26～1.30,显示过铝质高钾钙碱性花岗岩特征。花岗岩中岩浆锆石和继承锆石ε_Hf(t)值分别在-10.6～-13.9和-1.16～-23.8之间,对应t_DM2(Ma)分别在1926～2138Ma和1951～3387Ma之间,表明岩浆主要来源于古老的地壳物质重熔。云岭花岗岩中Sn含量在4.3×10^-6～14.2×10^-6之间,花岗岩中岩浆黑云母Sn含量在5.8×10^-6～9.6×10^-6之间,蚀变花岗岩中的热液黑云母Sn含量为75.8×10^-6～244.0×10^-6<...     

华北克拉通北缘凉城基性岩墙成因及古地理的重建意义

为揭示华北克拉通北缘凉城基性岩墙的形成时代、岩石成因、构造背景及对罗迪尼亚超大陆重建的意义,本研究借助激光烧蚀多接收器等离子质谱(LA-MC-ICP-MS)锆石U-Pb定年、Hf同位素及全岩地球化学研究手段,对凉城桃花沟岩墙开展了系统研究。研究结果显示,凉城桃花沟岩墙为新元古代早期(903±15 Ma)基性岩浆活动的产物,归属拉斑岩石系列,具有较高的TFeO(12.78%～16.30%)及TiO₂(2.59%～3.31%)含量、较低的MgO(2.87%～3.83%)、Cr(32.7×10^-6～42.0×10^-6)、Ni(11.6×10^-6～14.5×10^-6)含量及Mg^#值(29～38),富集轻稀土元素(LREE)、Rb、Pb、Zr及Hf元素,亏损Ba、Sr、Nb、Ta、Ti及Eu(Eu/Eu^*=0.74～0.83)元素。锆石原位ε_Hf(t)范围为2.4～13.4,单阶段Hf模式年龄(t_DM1     

滇中中—上二叠统峨眉山组关键金属勘查新线索及地质意义

通过1∶5万区域地质调查及典型剖面研究,在滇中禄劝地区二叠系峨眉山组顶部识别出一套厚约20～50 m不等的Nb、Co、Ga、Zr及REE超常富集层。富集层主要岩性为灰紫色泥岩、凝灰质泥岩、凝灰岩,局部夹杏仁状玄武岩。通过对禄劝万鲁布、撒角海一带的富集层刻槽分析显示,Nb₂O₅含量在82.4×10^-6～120.1×10^-6,平均值为100.3×10^-6,大于风化壳型矿床一般工业指标80×10^-6;Ga含量28.8×10^-6～35.6×10^-6,平均值为32.1×10^-6,高于现行的Ga矿资源工业指标要求30×10^-6;REE含量在360×10^-6～510×10^-6,平均值为440.6×10^-6,接近风化壳型矿床一般工业指标500×10^-6;并呈现出泥岩→凝灰质泥岩→凝灰岩关键金属含量依...     

堇青石低热膨胀机理研究

本文根据垄青石晶体结构特点和有关热力学资料,建立了堇青石热膨胀系数的理论计算模式:半定量计算方法,α=α_MgO × 1/3 × 2/3;定量计算方法,α=ΔS/ΔT/2/(a × b).分别计算了堇青石、印度石的线热膨胀系数,半定量计算结果:α=3.31 × 10^-6℃^-1(堇青石、印度石);定量计算结果,a=1.54 × 10-6℃^-1(堇青石),α=0.85 × 10-6℃^-1(印度石),与实验测定结果(堇青石:α=2.3 × 10-6℃^-1,印度石:α=1.0 × 10^-6℃^-1)吻合。     

川西龙门山南段新元古代火山作用时代与动力学背景：来自锆石地球化学和U-Pb年代学的约束

龙门山南段发育一套新元古代火山—沉积地层,其成岩时代及动力学背景一直缺少系统研究,制约了对扬子西缘前寒武纪构造演化的深入理解。本次研究对其下段英安岩和上段流纹岩开展了岩石学、锆石U-Pb年代学和锆石微量元素地球化学研究。结果表明,英安岩和流纹岩的锆石均具有较高的Th, U含量和较大的Th/U比值（0.52～0.90和0.76～1.28）,其结晶年龄分别为837±5 Ma和805±4 Ma,表明龙门山南段长英质火山岩形成于新元古代早期。英安岩的锆石具有较低的稀土(ΣREE=160×10^-6～389×10^-6、ΣLREE=8.3×10^-6～18.6×10^-6)和Ti含量(2.17×10^-6～4.66×10^-6)以及较高的Eu/Eu^*比值（0.43～0.76）、较低的U/Yb（0.66～1.27）,而流纹岩的锆石具有较高稀土(ΣREE=482×10^-6～1 345×10^-6、ΣLREE=13.7×...     

松辽盆地北部上二叠统林西组地球化学特征及地质意义

为探讨松辽盆地北部林西组地球化学特征、沉积环境及构造背景,对该区黑富地1井所钻遇的上二叠统林西组暗色泥质板岩进行主量元素、微量元素和稀土元素测试分析,结果表明：样品主量元素平均质量分数SiO₂为65.05%、Al₂O₃为17.23%、CaO为2.58%、Na₂O为2.84%、K₂O为3.29%,K₂O/Na₂O值为0.20~3.48,A1₂O₃/（CaO+Na₂O）值为0.41~8.01;稀土元素w（∑REE）值介于80.68×10^-6~215.59×10^-6之间,平均值为173.41×10^-6,δEu值介于0.61~0.88之间,平均值为0.70,表现为Eu的负异常,δCe值介于0.91×10^-6~1.01×10^-6之间,为微弱的Ce负异常,LREE富集,HREE亏损;微量元素以亏损Nb、Ta、Sr,相对富集Rb、Ba、La、Ce、Pb、Nd、Sm为特征。样品元素分析和物源w（TiO₂）-w（Ni）、La/Th-w（Hf）等判别图解表明,林西组沉积物源具有多样性,主要来源于上地壳长英质物源,还有少量来自中、基性岩火成岩物源区。样品微量元素标准化蛛网图,稀土元素球粒陨石标准化配分模式图,K₂O/Na₂O-w（SiO₂）、Th-Co-Zr/10、F₂-F₁构造背景判别图及地球化学参数对比结果表明,松辽盆地北部林西组物源构造背景主要为活动大陆边缘和大陆岛弧,可能形成于靠近大陆岛弧的活动大陆边缘构造背景。林西组应形成于海陆过渡相到陆相环境,水体由半咸水逐渐转变为淡水。     

内蒙古林东地区晚二叠世高镁安山岩的成因及产出背景

兴蒙造山带中部二叠纪火山岩分布广泛,主要岩性为玄武岩、玄武安山岩、英安岩、流纹岩及火山碎屑岩等,记录了兴蒙造山带晚古生代的构造演化。本文在内蒙古东部林东一带识别出一组新的高镁安山岩,对其开展了地球化学和锆石U-Pb年龄研究,以探讨其岩石成因和地质意义。该高镁安山岩呈灰黑色—灰色,斑状结构,气孔-杏仁构造,斑晶矿物组合主要为斜长石(15%-20%),斜方辉石(5%-10%),单斜辉石(5%)和角闪石(5%),基质中有较多磁铁矿和钛铁矿等,指示富水、氧化的岩浆特点。锆石U-Pb年龄为253±1-255±1 Ma(2σ),ε_Hf(t)=+7.8-+14.3,全岩SiO₂含量52.3%-56.5%,具高的MgO (7.2%-12.7%),Cr (264×10^-6-382×10^-6),Ni (168×10^-6-407×10^-6),Ba (318×10^-6-1130×10^-6)和Sr (288×10^-6-906×10^-6)含量,Mg^#为60.0-77.2,(⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr)_i=0.70348-0.70454,ε_Nd(t)=+3.79-+7.57,与赞岐型(sanukite)高镁安山岩地球化学特征相似,揭示其岩浆起源于俯冲交代的地幔;同时,全岩所具有的高La/Sm比值(1.68-8.67),指示可能有沉积组分的贡献。我们解释这些高镁安山岩的形成与俯冲的沉积物析出富水流体交代岩石圈地幔的部分熔融有关。此外,与高镁安山岩伴生的玄武岩具有典型的岛弧火山岩特征。因此,我们认为林东高镁安山岩及其伴生的玄武岩形成于岛弧环境,并与古亚洲洋向北俯冲有关,为古亚洲洋最终闭合提供了年代学和岩石学约束。     

变质改造型关键金属矿——富集Li-Rb-Cs-Tl-Ga的云母片岩

关键金属矿产是国际上最近提出的资源概念,对战略性新兴产业的发展至关重要,但认知程度较低。洛扎岩浆-变质杂岩体位于喜马拉雅带东部,侵位于藏南拆离系内。在岩体东北侧,云母片岩被含电气石淡色花岗岩捕虏。云母片岩主要由金云母、绿泥石和少量黑云母组成。从全岩地球化学成分来看,云母片岩具有含量较高的Al₂O₃(13.38%～14.32%)、K₂O(6.09%～9.66%)、FeO^*(27.11%～30.09%)、MgO(15.25%～17.21%)、TiO₂(0.09%～0.26%),富集关键金属Li(650×10^-6～1 031×10^-6)、Rb(1 649×10^-6～2 773×10^-6)、Cs(98×10^-6～229×10^-6)、Tl(5.7×10^-6～12.1×10^-6)、Ga(121×10^-6     

西昆仑山库地变质橄榄岩的显微构造特征

西昆仑山库地变质橄榄岩块是肢解了的震旦纪一早古生代蛇绿岩碎片。变质橄榄岩以残斑结构为主,呈现粗粗结构向残班结构的过渡和残斑结构向板状等粒结构的过渡。此岩石有明显的变形结构,橄榄石变形时的滑移系为{0kl}[100].橄揽石发育有代表高温(800℃以上)的位错构造,也有代表低温的位错构造。表明此变质橄榄岩经受了上地幔环境下发生的高温塑性流变和侵位过程中及侵位后所经受的低温高应变速率条件下的变形。上地幔环境下变形时的差异应力约为80MPa,应变速率约为1.96×10^-12s^-1-7.03×10^-10s^-1.此变质橄榄岩代表由大陆裂谷发展起来的洋盆下的地幔,产出的构造环境为洋脊-裂谷带。     

郯庐断裂安徽段桴槎山韧性剪切带的形成时限初探

测算全新世之前地质事件过程时间(需要精度万年级),没有现行可以采用的定年方法(误差精度百万年级),因此有必要探索构造地质自组织的时限定年方法(万年级)。本文以滨西太平洋构造系郯庐断裂带为实例,通过石英位错密度法测得差异应力σ分别为:糜棱岩化岩石为141.17MPa,糜棱岩为191.88MPa,超糜棱岩为223.31MPa;相应的应变速率分别为3.760×10^-13s^-1、7.705×10^-13s^-1和1.087×10^-12s^-1;体积因子f_v相应依次为0.7923、0.6340和0.5886;所得构造形成时限t依次为2.08×10⁴a、1.83×10⁴a和1.44×10⁴a。为检查精度,对同一剪切带不同应变强度样品进行系统内的比较分析,剪切带边缘样品的t值明显大于剪切带中心部位,在目前尚无地球化学方法可供借用检验的条件下,本文首次提出的自检验方法是一种提高精度的有效尝试。文中有关时限定年的系统讨论,是对以往时限定年的校正和总结,这有助于构造地质学定量化的发展,也是对构造年代学的一项补充。     

高温高压下煤超微构造的变形特征

本文通过不同温、压实验条件下,不同煤级煤的应力-应变曲线及超微变形构造特征分析,深入探讨了不同煤化程度煤的变形行为及其影响因素。阐明了高温高压和差异应力作用是促使煤结构由无序向有序方向转化,使大分子结构有序畴和定向性增大的重要因素。论述了温度和压力在不同的煤级和不同的实验条件下,具有不同的作用。在中煤级阶段,虽然围压的增大可在一定程度上提高煤的强度,但温度的影响更为重要。较高煤级在小应变阶段,温度起主导作用;而到了大变形阶段,围压的作用又逐渐上升到主导地位。在整个变形过程中,定向压力都是不容忽视的重要因素。     

Vitrinite anisotropy under differential stress and high confining pressure and temperature: preliminary observations

The orientation of the optical indicating surface of vitrinite in reflected light has been determined following deformation at 350 and 500°C, confining pressures of 500 and 800 MPa and a strain rate of 10⁻⁵ s⁻¹. High temperature and large strain have facilitated reorientation of the indicating surface, increase in anisotropy (bireflectance) and an increase in maximum vitrinite reflectance. In a specimen deformed at 500°C and 23% axial strain the maximum vitrinite reflectance has been reoriented more than 70° from close to parallel to σ₁ in the undeformed state to perpendicular to σ₁ following deformation. Orientation of the optical indicating surface of some of the deformed specimens suggests the orientation of the maximum reflectance is a composite product of the original orientation of the indicating surface and an orientation produced during deformation.     

Developments in high-resolution solid-state13C NMR spectroscopy of coals

The recent development of “second generation” NMR experiments on coals is discussed in this paper. Such experiments have three aims: (1) To determine the extent to which quantitative aromaticity measurements can be made on coals by cross polarization-magic angle spinning (CP/MAS); (2) To obtain more detailed information on coal structure and reactivity than that given by the simple aromaticity measurements possible at the time; (3) To follow reaction pathways when coal is chemically modified. In this plenary lecture the relevant literature is reviewed, and new experimental work in all three areas outlined above is reported. Experimental evidence is presented which shows that aromaticity measurements on a bituminous coal by cross polarization (CP) or single pulse techniques give identical results. Relaxation data for naphthalene polymers suggest that these structures in coal are seen in CP experiments. Dipolar dephasing experiments suggest that the average size of the coal vitrinite molecule does not increase with increase in coal rank due to aromatic substitution reactions. Various relaxation experiments demonstrate how different carbon types can be distinguished in both¹³C-labelled and unlabelled coals.     

C NMR, micro-FTIR and fluorescence spectra, and pyrolysis-gas chromatograms of coalified foliage of late Carboniferous medullosan seed ferns, Nova Scotia, Canada: Implications for coalification and chemotaxonomy

The cuticles and cuticle-free compressions of three Carboniferous medullosan seed-fern leaf species (Macroneuropteris scheuchzeri, Neuropteris ovata var. simonii and Alethopteris lesquereuxii) were analyzed by elemental, ¹³C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), micro-FTIR (Fourier transform infrared) and coal petrographic techniques. The 13C NMR spectra of the cuticle-free compressions and the associated whole coal (high volatile A/B bituminous coal rank) are generally similar and consist of a large aromatic carbon peak, a smaller aliphatic carbon peak and a shoulder on the aromatic peak, representing phenolic carbons. In contrast, the ¹³C NMR spectra of the cuticles from the same leaves have a predominant peak for aliphatic carbons and a much smaller aromatic carbon peak. This difference in aromaticity between the cuticles and the cuticle-free compressions is also reflected in the higher atomic H/C ratios of the cuticles. Micro-FTIR spectra of the cuticles show oxygenated functional groups (carboxyl and ketone) similar to those in modern cuticles but their most characteristic feature is very strong bands in the aliphatic stretching region. The cuticle-free compressions (mainly vitrinite), in turn, show the absence or significant reduction in oxygenated functional groups, reduction in aliphatic stretching bands and, usually, increased absorbance of aromatic out-of-plane deformation in the 700–900 cm⁻¹ region. Fluorescence spectra for the cuticles from all three species show a great similarity with a λ_max at 580–590 nm, probably reflecting a similardegree of coalification, which is consistent with the similar vitrinite reflectance (R_r) and H/C and O/C ratios of the cuticlefree compressions.These results indicate that leaf cuticle-free compressions, which were initially cellulose rich ( 90% cellulose and hemicellulose, < 10% lignin), can alter, during peatification and coalification, to a macromolecular structure similar to that of coalified wood (initially 50% cellulose and hemicellulose, 30%–50% lignin). Thus, a lignin-enriched structure is not a prerequisite for the formation of the macromolecular structure of vitrinite. In addition, the micro-FTIR spectra reveal the complexity of the molecular structure in coalified seed-fern leaves. The micro-FFIR data reveal some significant differences among the cuticles that may be of chemotaxonomic value. Clearly, a combination of macro- and micro-techniques offers a better basis for the interpretation of the molecular structure of pre-macerals and their alteration during peatification and coalification. Also, the data presented in this paper provide important new information that extends the data from morphological and cuticular taxonomic studies of some seed ferns. The data are encouraging preliminary advances in the chemotaxonomy of medullosan seed fern species.Pyrolysis-gas chromatography (PY-GC) data for the cuticles of three seed-fern leaves indicate distinct chemical signatures for the two neuropterid leaves as compared to the Alethopteris leaf. This perhaps indicates a chemotaxomic factor, or it could be related to the greater thickness of the cuticle of Alethopteris. Mass spectrometric data are needed to identify individual components in the PY-GC chromatograms.     

The lateral and vertical reflectance and petrological variation of a heat-affected bituminous coal seam from southeastern British Columbia, Canada

Thermally altered pods of coal of very high rank have been observed in a high-volatile-bituminous coal seam in the eastern side of Eagle Mountain, Elk Valley Coalfield, British Columbia. Rank changes have been measured over a strike distance of 7.5 m from 1.24% to 7.1% R_{o max}, corresponding to a rank gradient of 0.78% R_om⁻¹.Petrologically, unaltered to extremely altered vitrinite showing nongranular (basic) anisotropy, mosaic-textured liptinite and pyrolytic carbon are the most abundant components. The limited presence of mosaic on vitrinite is an indication that the coal seam may have been weathered prior to being heat-affected.Evidence points to localized temperatures as high as 1,000°C, which could have been caused by a lightning strike. The eastern side of Eagle Mountain has experienced higher temperatures than the western side, and it appears that the heat ‘front’ and zone of alteration have an irregular pattern, pointing to saturation of parts of the coal seam by water.Four types of pyrolytic carbon having distinct morphology, anisotrophy and optical path with increasing temperature were observed. Reflectance of pyrolytic carbon falls within the zone of heat-affected coals, whereas the optical path of heat-affected Seam 15 samples is different from that of fresh coal with increasing rank.Finally, the reflectance of vitrinite in heat-affected coal is higher than the reflectance of vitrinite in carbonaceous shale in the Seam 15 section.     

Changes in hydrocarbon maturity indices with coal rank and type,Buller Coalfield,New Zealand

The Buller Coalfield (South Island, New Zealand) is an inverted late Paleogene Basin that contains middle Eocene bituminous coals which exhibit considerable variation in both coal rank (across-basin), and coal type (in-seam). Twenty-two fractionated bitumen extracts of Brunner Coal Measures coal samples from 12 drillholes were analyzed by GC and GC–MS to characterize the effect of coal rank and type on conventional hydrocarbon maturity indices at the beginning and end of the oil window (0.56–1.26% Ro_max).The Carbon Preference Index, pristane/phytane and isoprenoid/n-alkane ratios evolve throughout the high volatile bituminous B rank stage, while other biomarker ratios [18α(H)-22,29,30-trisnorneohopane/17α(H)-22,29,30-trisnorhopane (Ts/Tm), 18α(H),21β(H)-30-norneohopane (C₂₉ Ts)/17α(H),21β(H)-30-norhopane and C₃₀ diahopane/hopane] do not show appreciable change in value until medium volatile bituminous rank. Various aromatic based ratios appear to be more effective in delineating rank throughout the entire oil window; in particular the Methylphenanthrene Index and vitrinite reflectance are positively correlated over the entire bituminous rank range. However, subtle changes in depositional conditions (variable coal type) complicate these rank estimates. Within a given coal seam, variation in CPI, isoprenoid/n-alkane and hopane/sterane ratios appear to be related to the hydrogen content of the coal, while the homohopane index and the oleanane/hopane ratio covary with sulfur content. As with depressed vitrinite reflectance values, MPI is similarly lowered in the perhydrous samples. The mechanisms that control these hydrocarbon parameters during deposition and diagenesis are complex and convoluted, however, changes in bacterial activity and community (with marine incursion) appear to play an important role. Due to these anomalies, none of the hydrocarbon maturity indices calculated can be singularly used to constrain coal rank.     

Chemical and nanometer-scale structure of kerogen and its change during thermal maturation investigated by advanced solid-state C NMR spectroscopy

We have used advanced and quantitative solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) techniques to investigate structural changes in a series of type II kerogen samples from the New Albany Shale across a range of maturity (vitrinite reflectance R₀ from 0.29% to 1.27%). Specific functional groups such as CH₃, CH₂, alkyl CH, aromatic CH, aromatic C-O, and other nonprotonated aromatics, as well as “oil prone” and “gas prone” carbons, have been quantified by ¹³C NMR; atomic H/C and O/C ratios calculated from the NMR data agree with elemental analysis. Relationships between NMR structural parameters and vitrinite reflectance, a proxy for thermal maturity, were evaluated. The aromatic cluster size is probed in terms of the fraction of aromatic carbons that are protonated (∼30%) and the average distance of aromatic C from the nearest protons in long-range H-C dephasing, both of which do not increase much with maturation, in spite of a great increase in aromaticity. The aromatic clusters in the most mature sample consist of ∼30 carbons, and of ∼20 carbons in the least mature samples. Proof of many links between alkyl chains and aromatic rings is provided by short-range and long-range ¹H-¹³C correlation NMR. The alkyl segments provide most H in the samples; even at a carbon aromaticity of 83%, the fraction of aromatic H is only 38%. While aromaticity increases with thermal maturity, most other NMR structural parameters, including the aromatic C-O fractions, decrease. Aromaticity is confirmed as an excellent NMR structural parameter for assessing thermal maturity. In this series of samples, thermal maturation mostly increases aromaticity by reducing the length of the alkyl chains attached to the aromatic cores, not by pronounced growth of the size of the fused aromatic ring clusters.     

东秦岭松树沟超镁铁岩侵位机制及其构造演化

 东秦岭松树沟蛇绿岩主要由镁铁质-超镁铁质岩石组成。镁铁质岩类的Sm-Nd全岩等时年龄为1030±46(2δ)Ma,ε_Nd(t)=+5.7±0.2,代表了蛇绿岩的形成时代。超镁铁质岩石由不同成因的橄榄质糜棱岩和中粗粒橄榄岩组成,橄榄质糜棱岩是地幔橄榄岩经历复杂变形并多次部分熔融的残余体,具LREE亏损特征,其中发育橄榄石高温位错构造和高温组构以及低温位错构造和低温组构。中粗粒橄榄岩具LREE略富集的分布特征,是地幔橄榄岩残余体再次部分熔融熔体分离结晶的产物。野外地质、地球化学、构造变形特征均表明超镁铁岩块是因洋壳俯冲而底辟侵位于上覆玄武岩中的地幔橄榄岩残余体。综合分析认为,松树沟蛇绿岩经历了古陆块裂解或洋脊扩张(1271-1440Ma)-洋壳形成(1030-1271Ma)-洋壳俯冲消减-橄榄岩块底辟侵位(983Ma)-蛇绿岩构造侵位及其后构造变形叠加改造的复杂演化过程。     

Evolution of optical properties of vitrinite, sporinite and semifusinite in response to heating under inert conditions

The objective of the study was to characterize changes of reflectance, reflectance anisotropy and reflectance indicating surface (RIS) shape of vitrinite, sporinite and semifusinite subjected to thermal treatment under inert conditions. Examination was performed on vitrinite, liptinite and inertinite concentrates prepared from channel samples of steam coal (R_r = 0.70%) and coking coal (R_r = 1.25%), collected from seam 405 of the Upper Silesian Coal Basin. The concentrates were heated at temperatures of 400–1200 °C for 1 h time in an argon atmosphere.All components examined in this study: vitrinite, sporinite and semifusinite as well as matrix of vitrinite and liptinite cokes, despite of rank of their parent coal, show, in general, the most important changes of reflectance value and optical anisotropy when heated at 500 °C, 800 °C (with the exception of bireflectance value of sporinite) and 1200 °C.After heating the steam coal at 1200 °C, the vitrinite and the semifusinite reveal similar reflectances, whereas the latter a slightly stronger anisotropy. Sporinite and matrix of liptinite coke have lower reflectances but anisotropy (R_bi and R_am values) similar to those observed for vitrinite and semifusinite. However, at 1000 °C sporinite and matrix of liptinite coke have the highest reflectivity of the studied components. The RIS at 1200 °C is the same for all components.The optical properties of the three macerals in the coking coal become similar after heating at 1000 °C. Coke obtained at 1200 °C did not contain distinguishable vitrinite grains. At 1200 °C semifusinite and vitrinite coke matrix have highest R_r values among the examined components. Maximum reflectance (R_max) reach similar values for vitrinite and sporinite, slightly lower for semifusinite. Matrix of liptinite coke and matrix of vitrinite coke have considerably stronger anisotropy (R_bi and R_am values) than other components. RIS at 1200 °C is also similar for all components.     

峰峰矿区通二井田煤镜质组有限应变特征及其应用

利用MPV—COMPACT型显微光度计对峰峰矿区通二井田煤镜质组反射率进行较系统的测试,发现井田内煤 3个光轴体主轴互相垂直,最大反射率轴倾角多数集中在 68°～69°之间,倾伏向有 3个方向,即近 280°、近 90°和近 180°。测区内煤的镜质组反射率椭球体的变形特征属于拉长型应变和压扁型应变。该井田煤镜质组反射率椭球体有限应变特征分析结果表明在煤系地层中,煤的最大镜质组反射率的方位除与区域构造应力场的作用有关外,还与其所处的局部构造位置有关。在断层附近,反射率Ro_max和Ro_min的差值随着距断层的距离增加而减小,且在断层面的两盘发生突变。这一特征有助于煤矿井下构造的预测。