共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
1农业气象灾害预警技术研究 2002年是"十五"国家科技攻关计划项目"农林重大病虫害和农业气象灾害的预警及控制技术研究"之第13课题(编号:2001BA509B13)实质性研究的一年,在收集资料、田间试验和模型研制等方面取得了较好的阶段性进展.年内广泛收集了环流、海温、气候及田间试验等各类资料.开展了干旱对小麦影响盆栽试验和油菜盆栽淹水试验,并在荔枝和香蕉园建立自动气象站,进行小气候观测.初步研制出4种灾害的长期统计预测模型和华南寒害短期数值天气预报模式,建立了基于东北玉米、华北小麦和夏玉米以及江淮小麦、油菜生长过程的动态模拟模式,探讨了实现作物模型区域化的方法,开展了区域气候模式与东北下垫面嵌套,生成作物模式所需预报值的方法试验. 相似文献
2.
由中国气象科学研究院主持,江苏农业科学院、广东气候应用研究所、吉林气象科学研究所、国家气候中心科研人员参加的“十五”国家科技攻关项目“农林重大病虫害和农业气象灾害的预警及控制技术研究”13课题“农业气象灾害预警技术研究”经过近3年的研究取得了大量成果,并于2003年12月顺利通过农业部项目办公室组织的专家验收,得到专家一致好评。 相似文献
3.
王石立 《中国气象科学研究院年报》2005,(1):8-11
1 农业气象灾害预警技术研究
对华北农业干旱、东北作物低温冷害、江淮小麦油菜渍害、华南经济林果寒害和水产寒害等农业气象灾害分别建立了统计预测模型和机理预测模型相结合、长中短不同预报时效相结合的预警预测模型。其中作物生长模型与区域气候模式相结合的新一代农业气象灾害预测技术在实现区域尺度预测应用上取得重要进展;各类预测模型在灾害指标、预测方法上取得新的突破,预报准确率进一步提高。在此基础上,成功研制出包含多种预测方法、不同预报时效、可供准业务运行的农业气象灾害多灾种综合预测预警系统。课题研制的模型进行了业务试验,部分成果如广东经济林果寒害预警已投入业务运行。课题于2005年12月顺利通过项目主持单位农业部组织的专家验收。该课题成果代表了我国目前农业气象灾害预警预测研究的最新进展和水平,对于进一步开展和提高其他地区、其他灾害的预报能力具有一定的推广借鉴作用和应用前景。 相似文献
4.
王春乙 《中国气象科学研究院年报》2001,(1):35-37
该项目经公开招标和专家评审后正式立项,由农业部、国家林业局、中国气象局共同组织,中国农业科学研究院植物保护研究所、四川省农科院植物保护研究所、中国农业大学、中国林业科学研究院森林保护研究所、中国林业大学、中国气象科学研究院、中国农业科学研究院农业气象研究所等单位共同承担,项目编号:2001BA509B。该项目共分15个课题2003年底前完成。我院主持其中两个课题,并参加另外两个课题的研究工作,主要在农业气象灾害预警、影 相似文献
5.
1 农业气象灾害预警技术研究
对华北农业干旱、东北作物低温冷害、江淮小麦油菜渍害、华南经济林果寒害和水产寒害等农业气象灾害分别建立了统计预测模型和机理预测模型相结合、长中短不同预报时效相结合的预警预测模型.其中作物生长模型与区域气候模式相结合的新一代农业气象灾害预测技术在实现区域尺度预测应用上取得重要进展;各类预测模型在灾害指标、预测方法上取得新的突破,预报准确率进一步提高.在此基础上,成功研制出包含多种预测方法、不同预报时效、可供准业务运行的农业气象灾害多灾种综合预测预警系统.课题研制的模型进行了业务试验,部分成果如广东经济林果寒害预警已投入业务运行.课题于2005年12月顺利通过项目主持单位农业部组织的专家验收.该课题成果代表了我国目前农业气象灾害预警预测研究的最新进展和水平,对于进一步开展和提高其他地区、其他灾害的预报能力具有一定的推广借鉴作用和应用前景. 相似文献
6.
广西春夏季旱涝的等级划分及时空分布特征分析 总被引:4,自引:2,他引:2
利用广西80多个站点1961~2006年的逐月降水资料,采用Z指数定义方法,对广西春夏季的旱涝进行等级划分.利用经验正交函数(EOF)分析方法对春夏季旱涝等级的时空分布进行研究,给出了四个旱涝典型场的分布特征.分析结果表明:全区性偏涝或偏旱是春夏季早涝分布的最主要型态;春季和夏季的前4种分布形态都通过了显著性检验,两个季度的第一、第二分布形态都是全区一致型和南北反向型;春季近5年时间系数多为正值,说明近年来全区春季表现为偏旱;1990年以后,夏季第一特征向量时间系数只有3年为正值,其余均为负值,说明近16年广西夏季降水较多,以偏涝为主,年代际变化也较明显. 相似文献
7.
Rain and air of Florence have been collected in a continuous way andanalysed by flow analysis spectrofluorimetric methods for formaldehydeand hydrogen peroxide. Diurnal and seasonal variations were observed;the mean/maximum concentrations of all data (as gm–3) are 3.3/23.4 for HCHO and 0.4/4.93 forH2O2. The effect of external sources and ofphotochemical reactions produces periods of positive and negativecorrelations for these compounds. The mean/maximum rain concentration ofall data are 98/443 g l–1 for HCHO and 84/685 g l–1 for H2O2. Concentrationratios rain/air and discrepancies to Henry's Law equilibrium arediscussed. 相似文献
8.
9.
10.
"经济大国能源与气候论坛"在推动全球主要国家就应对气候变化主要议题达成一致方面取得了进展,已初步显示出其作为联合国气候谈判晴雨表的特征。该论坛的实质是主要发达国家为转移减排责任和压力,降低减排成本,绑架主要发展中国家在全球应对气候变化领域实施的集体强权政治。论坛的核心目标在于推动全球量化减排,目的是借全球量化减排,营造低碳和气候友好技术的广大市场,使得具有技术优势的这些经济大国拥有新的主导全球经济的力量。我国应坚持"共同但有区别的责任"原则,联合与会发展中国家强调气候变化的历史责任,反对为全球温室气体排放设限等不公平提议,团结广大发展中国家,同时抓住论坛力推低碳经济和低碳技术发展的机遇,使我国站在全球新一轮技术革命的前沿。 相似文献
11.
M. J. Salinger J. D. Bell K. Evans A. J. Hobday V. Allain K. Brander P. Dexter D. E. Harrison A. B. Hollowed B. Lee R. Stefanski 《Climatic change》2013,119(1):213-221
Several lines of evidence show that climatic variation and global warming can have a major effect on fisheries production and replenishment. To prevent overfishing and rebuild overfished stocks under changing and uncertain environmental conditions, new research partnerships between fisheries scientists and climate change experts are required. The International Workshop on Climate and Oceanic Fisheries held in Rarotonga, Cook Islands, 3–5 October 2011, brought representatives from these disciplines together to consider the effects of climate variability and change on oceanic fisheries, the tools and strategies required for identifying potential impacts on oceanic fisheries, and the priority adaptations for sustaining future harvests, especially in the Pacific Ocean. Recommendations made by the workshop included (1) development and implementation of sustainable management measures for fisheries; (2) long-term commitment to monitoring necessary to assess stock status and to conduct integrated ecosystem assessments; (3) process oriented research to evaluate the potential of marine species for adaptation to a changing ocean environment; (4) provision of improved national meteorological and hydrological services to fisheries agencies, enterprises and communities; (5) continuing communication of potential impacts and adaptation strategies to stakeholders to reduce the threats to oceanic fisheries and capitalise on opportunities; and (6) continued collaborative efforts between meteorological, oceanographic, biological and fisheries researchers and management agencies to better monitor and understand the impacts of short-term variability and longer-term change on oceanic fisheries. 相似文献
12.
Variability and probability of annual and extreme precipitation over Serbia and Montenegro 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Summary Annual precipitation over Serbia and Montenegro is studied in terms of its variability. The dependence of three selected absolute measures of variability (standard deviation, absolute mean deviation and mean absolute interannual variability) from the mean annual precipitation are examined for the area of interest. Two cases of extreme precipitation in Serbia were analysed using the gamma probability density function and some transformations. 相似文献
13.
望谟县境内属亚热带温湿季风气候,具有明显的春早、夏长、秋晚、冬短的特点。望谟的水稻从播种到成熟需要≥10℃的活动积温在2300℃左右(早稻)或2600℃左右(晚稻)。在望谟县地区内如果日平均温度≥30℃以上高温连续8~10d,就会出现稻瘟病。 相似文献
14.
为了提高雾与能见度的预报水平,对业务上常用的两种能见度诊断方案,即Stoelinga and Warner(SW)方案与Forecast Systems Laboratory(FSL)方案的改进进行预报试验,SW方案基于Gultepe方案考虑了液态水粒子数浓度对能见度的影响,FSL改进方案中利用了递减平均法对公式中用到的温度与露点温度进行订正,并用其重新计算公式中的相对湿度。基于山东省气象科学研究所逐时更新循环(hourly update cycle,HUC)业务模式输出结果,从2015—2016年选取10次雾天气过程,并详细分析了2015年11月13—14日这次雾天气过程的预报结果,比较了改进前后各方案对雾与能见度的预报效果,结果显示:在模式预报的雨水含量占总液态含水量比例较大的预报时效,改进后的SW方案对雾与能见度预报效果优于原始方案,在模式预报液态含水量接近0的预报时效,改进前后的SW方案对雾与能见度的预报效果相当;利用订正的温度与露点温度重新计算相对湿度,其平均绝对误差(mean absolute error,MAE)降低明显的预报时段,改进后的FSL方案对雾与能见度的预报效果大大提升。将两种改进后的方案相融合并进行预报试验,结果显示,综合对能见度与雾的预报效果,Combined Visibility(CVIS)方案要优于其他两种改进方案。 相似文献
15.
如何正确识别烟、霾、轻雾 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
烟、霾、轻雾是悬浮于近地面气层中常见的几种视程障碍现象。这几种天气现象对大气的透明度、稳定度等均有一定的指示意义。观测中如果能准确地辨别它们,对大气的物理研究、天气预报、交通运输及环境保护等均有着十分重要的意义。 相似文献
16.
17.
18.
Spatial and temporal variability of winter and summer precipitation over Serbia and Montenegro 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
I. Tošić 《Theoretical and Applied Climatology》2004,77(1-2):47-56
Summary The main characteristics of the spatial and temporal variability of winter and summer precipitation observed at 30 stations in Serbia and Montenegro were analysed for the period 1951–2000. The rainfall series were examined spatially by means of Empirical Orthogonal Functions (EOF) and temporally by means of the Mann-Kendall test and spectral analysis. The Alexandersson test was used to detect the inhomogeneity of the data set.The EOF analysis gave three winter and summer dominant modes of variations, which explained 89.7% and 70.4% of the variance, respectively. The time series associated with the first pattern showed a decreasing trend in winter precipitation. The spectral analysis showed a 16-year oscillation for the dominant winter pattern, around a 3-year oscillation for the dominant summer pattern, and a quasi-cycle of 2.5 years for the winter third pattern. 相似文献
19.
20.
Vast areas of rangelands across the world are grazed with increasing intensity, but interactions between livestock production, biodiversity and other ecosystem services are poorly studied. This study explicitly determines trade-offs and synergies between ecosystem services and livestock grazing intensity on rangelands. Grazing intensity and its effects on forage utilization by livestock, carbon sequestration, erosion prevention and biodiversity are quantified and mapped, using global datasets and models. Results show that on average 4% of the biomass produced annually is consumed by livestock. On average, erosion prevention is 10% lower in areas with a high grazing intensity compared to areas with a low grazing intensity, whereas carbon emissions are more than four times higher under high grazing intensity compared to low grazing intensity. Rangelands with the highest grazing intensity are located in the Sahel, Pakistan, West India, Middle East, North Africa and parts of Brazil. These high grazing intensities result in carbon emissions, low biodiversity values, low capacity for erosion prevention and unsustainable forage utilization. Although the applied models simplify the processes of ecosystem service supply, our study provides a global overview of the consequences of grazing for biodiversity and ecosystem services. The expected increasing future demand for livestock products likely increase pressures on rangelands. Global-scale models can help to identify targets and target areas for international policies aiming at sustainable future use of these rangelands. 相似文献