基于全球超导重力仪观测研究海潮和固体潮模型的适定性

利用国际地球动力学合作观测网络中20个台站22个高精度重力潮汐观测系列综合研究了目前使用的海潮和固体潮模型的适定性. 对原始观测数据实施仔细的预处理, 利用国际标准算法计算了潮汐重力参数. 基于负荷理论和不同全球海潮模型获得了8个主波的重力负荷矢量, 用二维平面插值技术获得了14个小波的负荷改正值. 顾及不同潮波振幅特征, 提出了计算台站平均观测残差和剩余残差矢量的“非等权均值法”, 分析了海潮负荷改正的有效性和振幅因子与理论模型间的差异, 同时还讨论了仪器标定问题. 获得了经海潮负荷改正后全球各台站平均潮汐重力参数, 结果说明观测与理论模型间的差异小于0.3%, 最大仪器标定误差不超过0.5%. 另外文章还用地表重力实测数据证实了Mathews理论中相对于周日O₁波而言, K₁波相位滞后略呈正值的结论.     

黄石台ORBES-81型伸缩仪观测结果的调和分析及海潮改正

本文对黄石台ORBES-81型石英伸缩仪的应变固体潮观测资料作了分析计算,其调和分析结果为:对O_1波,振幅因子0.4219,相位滞后6°36＇;对M_2波,振幅因子0.4256,相位滞后-4°42＇.同时,讨论了海潮引起的负荷潮汐应变的改正问题.模拟计算发现负荷潮汐应变与体潮应变大致为同一量级,文中列出了海潮改正后的结果,并作了讨论.最后,对黄石台伸缩仪的架设方位作了评价.     

黄石台ORBES-81型伸缩仪观测结果的调和分析及海潮改正

本文对黄石台ORBES-81型石英伸缩仪的应变固体潮观测资料作了分析计算,其调和分析结果为:对O₁波,振幅因子0.4219,相位滞后6°36＇;对M₂波,振幅因子0.4256,相位滞后-4°42＇.同时,讨论了海潮引起的负荷潮汐应变的改正问题.模拟计算发现负荷潮汐应变与体潮应变大致为同一量级,文中列出了海潮改正后的结果,并作了讨论.最后,对黄石台伸缩仪的架设方位作了评价.     

南北地震带上倾斜潮汐因子的空间分布特征研究

从理论上讲,纬度对潮汐因子造成影响的改正值极小,一般不予考虑.通过对位于中国南北地震带上18个地倾斜观测台站的地倾斜潮汐观测资料进行调和分析,研究倾斜固体潮潮汐振幅较大的两个潮波O1波和M2波NS、EW分量的空间分布特征,结果发现γO1、γM2的空间分布与该带特殊的地质构造背景之间有一定的相互关系.并对可能存在的其他原因如海潮负荷效应、仪器本身的频率响应差异以及局部负荷效应影响等,进行了初步探讨.     

应变固体潮理论值计算及其调和分析

本文给出了计算应变固体潮理论值的“封闭公式”和调和分析公式。采用了A.T.Doodson引潮位展开,推导了应变固体潮的大地系数和相位改正（长周期波、全日波、半日波和1/3日波）,可供调和分析之用。并通过Venedikov调和分析计算,对理论值公式进行了验证。文中还列出了三个台站的首批应变固体潮观测资料的维氏调和分析结果。     

武汉台重力潮汐长期观测结果

采用武汉台超导重力仪(SG C032)14年多的长期连续观测资料,研究了固体地球对二阶和三阶引潮力的响应特征,精密测定了重力潮汐参数,系统研究了最新的固体潮模型和海潮模型在中国大陆的有效性.采用最新的8个全球海潮模型计算了海潮负荷效应,从武汉台SG C032的观测中成功分离出63个2阶潮汐波群和15个3阶潮汐波群信号,3阶潮波涵盖了周日、半日和1/3日三个频段.重力潮汐观测的精度非常高,标准偏差达到1.116 nm·s^-2,系统反映了非流体静力平衡、非弹性地球对2阶和3阶引潮力的响应特征.结果表明,现有的武汉国际重力潮汐基准在半日频段非常精确,但在周日频段存在比较明显的偏差,需要进一步精化.对于中国大陆的大地测量观测,固体潮可以采用Dehant等考虑地球内部介质非弹性和非流体静力平衡建立的固体潮理论模型或Xu 等基于全球SG观测建立的重力潮汐全球实验模型作为参考和改正模型,海潮负荷效应应该采用Nao99作为改正模型.     

中国大陆M2波理论应变潮汐模型

本文主要研究和讨论了我国大陆固体潮和海潮负荷效应的M₂波理论应变潮汐模型。推导了球扇波应变张量大地系数和计算公式,着重研究和计算了M₂波海潮应变负荷效应,讨论了计算方法,计算中采用了到目前为止最新的Schwiderski（M₂）全球海潮图和沈育疆近中国海潮汐图;给出了40个点的负荷效应结果,并绘制了中国大陆固体应变潮、海潮应变负荷效应同相位,相差π/2相位以及总效应的应变花。为理论研究,观测资料的分析和改正提供了理论参考模型。     

中国固体潮观测研究

本文讨论了在中国北京、武汉、上海、昆明、兰州、乌鲁木齐、广州、沈阳和青岛等九处的固体潮观测结果,并且与具有海洋和液核的地球模型进行了比较。文中特别讨论了仪器标定问题。结果表明了模拟固体潮效应的精度达到了0.6μgal。     

厦门重力固体潮海潮负荷改正研究

厦门台重力固体潮观测长期受海潮负荷影响.应用重力固体潮观测资料进行地震预报和地球物理研究时,需要对其海潮负荷的影响和改正进行研究.本文应用TSOFT软件对厦门台弹簧重力仪五年的连续观测数据进行预处理,并采用Venedikov调和分析方法获得重力固体潮潮汐参数.基于DTU10、EOT11a、HAMTIDE11a、GOT4.7、FES2004、NAO99b、TPXO7.2和TPXO7.2atlas八个较新的全球海潮模型,结合osu.chinasea.2010和NAO.99Jb两个区域海潮模型,研究了厦门台的重力海潮负荷特征并对其进行海潮负荷改正.数值结果表明,经过区域海潮模型修正后的厦门台海潮负荷为7.3μgal.八个全球海潮模型对主要潮波的负荷改正有效性的差异不大.应用NAO.99Jb区域海潮模型修正的M2波剩余残差值比osu.chinasea.2010小.观测残差负荷改正有效性大致在40%~70%.统计对比O1、K1、M2波的残差平方和结果表明,对厦门台进行海潮负荷改正时,应用经NAO.99Jb区域海潮模型改正的NAO.99b全球海潮模型残差结果最小,经NAO.99Jb区域海潮模型改正的DTU10全球海潮模型次之.这可能与NAO.99Jb模型考虑日本沿岸验潮站资料有关.考虑高精度近海海潮模型的构建和验潮站资料的弥补以及数据预处理方法的改进,可以进一步提高厦门台的海潮负荷的改正效果.     

K1sub>分波海潮应变负荷潮在中国大陆的分布h

根据 Schwiderski 海潮图,利用笔者提出的计算应变负荷潮的积分 Green 函数方法,计算了全球海潮 K1分波在中国大陆产生的应变负荷潮,并在此基础上绘制了负荷潮诸分量在中国大陆的分布图.在中国大陆东部地区,K1分波应变负荷潮主要受太平洋海潮的控制.在广东、广西南部沿海地区,它们明显受南海海潮的影响;在西部地区,除太平洋海潮外,负荷潮还显著受印度洋海潮的影响.在东部沿海地区,K1分波应变负荷潮的振幅可达固体潮振幅的15%-50%,在西部内陆地区亦可达百分之几.因而,在解释 K1分波应变固体潮在中国大陆的观测结果时,必须考虑负荷潮的影响.      

Study on tidal gravity observations obtained at stations Zhongshan and Changcheng, Antarctic

IntroductionThe purpose of the studies on the tidal gravity observations on the Earth(s surface is to investigate the properties of the deformation and the tidal gravity variations of the Earth under the action of the luni-solar tidal force. These variations relate to the internal structure, shape and the medium(s rheology properties of the Earth (Wahr, 1981; Dehant, 1987). The theoretical studies and observations indicated that the amplitudes and the tidal parameters, including the amplitud…     

武汉超导重力仪观测最新结果和海潮模型研究

利用武汉台站GWR_C032超导重力仪观测资料,在对原始数据进行有效预处理的基础上作调和分析,获得反映地球内部介质特征的重力潮汐参数.基于卫星测高技术和有限元方法同时考虑验潮站数据作约束条件获得的多个全球海潮模型,利用负荷理论和数值褶积积分技术计算了重力负荷,对周日和半日频段内的重力潮汐参数实施负荷改正,提出了“负荷改正有效性”概念,研究了全球海潮模型适应性.数值结果说明,海潮改正的有效性高达91%（O1,NAO99）和92%（M2,ORI96）.基于11个海潮模型对主波（O1,K1,M2和S2）的负荷改正说明平均有效性为（86%,70%,73%和84%）,振幅因子与理论模型间的差异分别从（212%,155%,116%和080%）降到（031%,039%,034%和008%）,同时还说明利用NAO99和ORI96全球海潮模型能获得比其他模型更佳的负荷改正效果.文章还利用国际地球动力学计划网络其他7个台站的超导重力仪观测研究了全球海潮模型的适定性问题,结果说明不同模型中不同潮波具有明显的区域特点,早期构制的SCW80全球海潮模型仍可作为大地测量研究中的重要参考模型.     

Determination of the long period tidal waves in the GGP superconducting gravity data

Several results about the long period (LP) tidal waves are obtained by the analysis of series of superconducting gravity data, provided by the Global Geodynamics Project (GGP). The most important result is the determination of a single group called LPMF, composed by all LP tides but representing accurately the parameters of the M_f wave. As the LP tidal generating potential is vanishing at latitudes ±35°15′52″ we cannot determine accurate tidal amplitude factors for the stations located between ±40° and ±30°. However, it is still possible to obtain tidal residual vectors and compare them with oceanic tidal loading computations. For 15 stations the NAO99 oceanic model is giving a coherent picture. For nine stations with M_f amplitude larger than 3 μgal (1 μgal = 10 nm s⁻²) a global analysis is obtained by introducing the loading effect of the ocean directly in the observation equations. The mean amplitude factor obtained for LPMF is larger than expected from the models and there is a significant phase lag, showing the imperfection of the tidal oceanic models for M_f. Other new result is the first separate estimation of the parameters of the LP tides, generated by the tidal potential of third degree, dominated by a Lunar declinational monthly wave, called here 3M_md. Due to their small amplitudes (under 1 μgal) these waves are practically hidden by the noise. Nevertheless, the quality of the data and the flexibility of the VAV analysis method [Venedikov, A.P., Arnoso, J., Vieira, R., 2001. Program VAV/2000 for tidal analysis of unequally spaced data with irregular drift and colored noise. J. Geodetic Soc. Jpn. 47 (1), 281–286; Venedikov, A.P., Arnoso, J., Vieira, R., 2003. VAV: a program for tidal data processing. Comput. Geosci. 29, 487–502.] allow getting significant results, in agreement with the theory of the Earth deformation by the tidal potential of third degree.     

Temporal variations in free core nutation period

Based on the nearly diurnal resonance in the tidal gravity observations,the temporal variations in period of the Earth's free core nutation (FCN) are investigated by using the tidal gravity observations of 18-year duration recorded continu-ously with a superconducting gravimeter (SG) at Brussels. The effects of the global oceanic tide loading and local barometric pressure on the SG observations have been removed by using eleven high-precision global digital models of oceanic tides and barometric pressure me...     

香港地区重力固体潮和海潮负荷特征研究

介绍了在香港地区重力固体潮合作观测成果, 获得了该地区完整的重力固体潮实测模型. 利用全球和近海海潮模型以及岛屿验潮站数据较系统地研究了海潮负荷特征, 反演了全球海潮模型的适定性. 数值结果说明周日频段内的海潮模型要比半日频段内的模型更加稳定, 实施验潮站潮位高变化改正对精密确定重力固体潮相位滞后起重要作用. 文章还研究了重力观测残差和台站背景噪声水平. 本项研究填补了中国地壳运动观测网络在该地区重力固体潮观测空白, 为地表和空间大地测量提供有效参考和服务.     

Analysis and comparison of the tidal gravity observations obtained with LCR-ET20 spring gravimeter

Introduction The tidal variation signals of the solid Earth recorded with the modern measuring techniques can be used to provide effectively the means to cognize the Earths motion, deformation and structure character, especially to monitor the material motion in the Earths interior. In the recent 20 years, the distribution character of the global gravity field has made great progress since the continuous and deep theoretical studies in geophysics and geodesy domains. The successful manufactur…     

LCR-ET20弹簧型潮汐重力仪观测结果的分析和比较

基于武汉国际重力潮汐基准站LCR-ET20弹簧重力仪潮汐观测资料，利用国际标准的数据预处理和分析方法，采用与GWR型超导重力仪同址观测对比方法，较系统研究了ET20仪器特征以及大气和海洋重力信号．数值结果表明，尽管ET20的观测精度要比超导型重力仪的精度低一个量级，弹簧蠕变性导致的仪器漂移十分大，但该仪器仍获得了与超导重力仪相当的潮汐参数，能有效用于重力场的时间变化观测．      

Synthetic tidal parameters for gravity over China and its neighbor area

The synthetic tidal parameters with high spatial resolution for gravity over China and its neighbor area are con- structed with Earth’s tidal model and ocean tide loading calculated using TPXO7 global ocean tide model as well as tidal data over China seas. The comparison between synthetic parameters and ones observed by spring gravime- ters at some seismic network stations and Hong Kong station and one observed by super-conducting gravimeter at Wuhan station shows that the average differences in amplitude factors and phases are smaller than 0.005 and 0.5° respectively; and that the discrepancies between observational and synthetic parameters are dependent on gravim- etric technique in that the synthetic parameters are in well agreement with the superconducting gravimetric obser- vations. This also indicates that the synthetic result is a good estimation for tidal gravity, and the numerical results in the present paper not only can provide ground and space gravimetry such as absolute gravimetry with correction model of tidal gravity, but also provide effective tidal parameters over areas where no observation is carried out.     

Oceanic Loading and Local Distortions at the Baksan,Russia, and Gran Sasso,Italy, Strain Stations

Reliable use of strain data in geophysical studies requires their preliminary correction for ocean loading and various local distortions. These effects, in turn, can be estimated from the tidal records which are contributed by solid and oceanic loading. In this work, we estimate the oceanic tidal loading at two European strain stations (Baksan, Russia, and Gran Sasso, Italy) by analyzing the results obtained with the different Earth and ocean models. The influence of local distortions on the strain measurements at the two stations is estimated.     

Oceanic tidal loads near the european coast calculated from Green’s functions

The load Love numbers, Green’s functions, and oceanic tidal loading effect over the territory of Europe are calculated for the PREM and IASP91 models of the Earth and CSR3 ocean-tide model. Computations were carried out for the reference periods of 1 s, 12 h, and 24 h. It is established that the corrections to gravity acceleration for the M2 wave significantly differ in different models.