末次冰期冰盛期中国地区水循环因子变化的模拟研究

ISCCP卫星资料（1983-2006年)的结果显示：青藏高原地区是高云的高值中心;而以四川为中心直到同纬度的中国东南沿海地区是中云的高值区,同时,青藏高原地区是中云的低值中心。利用全球气候模式CCM3嵌套区域模式MM5模拟了现代和LGM时的气候。通过MM5模拟的结果与ISCCP的卫星资料对比表明：模拟结果再现了中国地区高云和中云分布的主要特征。这暗示云分布的气候特征可能主要由相对湿度决定。同时,通过MM5的结果与NCEP资料的对比也说明,模式结果可以较好地模拟水汽和温度的垂直分布。在此基础上,研究了LGM时水循环因子的变化。模式结果显示：LGM时夏季对流层的温度降低,在对流层中上层存在温度降低的中心;而在冬季在南方的对流层中层存在减温中心,在北方的对流层的中上层温度增加。大气中水汽含量与温度变化有很好的正相关,除了冬季北方对流层中上层水汽增加外,水汽含量一般减少,而且在近地层减少的最多,随高度增高水汽变化逐渐变小。但是,水汽的相对变化在对流层上层存在减少的高值中心。相对湿度存在变化,最大的变化超过15%,而且有增加,也有减少。在区域尺度相对湿度不是保守的。相对湿度变化与中云和低云的变化一致。在LGM,中国地区高云量减少,除中国西南地区外,中云和低云量减少,低云量减少的最多。降水的变化与中云和低云的变化相对应,云量增加降水增加,云量减少降水也减少。从相对湿度和有效降水可以看到在西南地区在LGM时变得潮湿,在夏季西北地区也变得潮湿。     

MM5对中全新世时期中国地区气候的模拟研究

MM5模式结果与地质记录的对比表明,这个模式系统可以较好地模拟中全新世时气候的变化,特别是模式模拟的降水变化与地质记录吻合得较好.区域模式的结果比全球模式结果有所改进.模式结果显示:与现代相比,中全新世时,中国地区的气温升高,夏季升温超过冬季.同时,中国的内蒙古东部地区、东北地区和华北地区降水显著增加;而中国的华东、华中、华南和西南地区降水减少.中国东部30°N以北地区夏季风增强;中国东部的冬季风减弱.从一系列敏感试验结果,可以发现:在中全新世时,中国地区的气温、风场和降水的变化主要受大尺度环流背景场变化的影响,其对降水变化的影响超过50%.其次受地表状况和植被变化的影响,植被的变化主要影响中国东部地区,使得在冬季和夏季中国地区均升温;而且,对华北部分地区降水变化的影响最大超过25%.地球轨道的变化使得中全新世时太阳辐射的季节变化较大,造成中全新世时中国地区在冬季降温,在夏季升温;同时,对东北和华北地区的降水有重要影响,其影响与植被变化的影响相当.中全新世时,大气中CO2的体积混合比为280×10-6,CO2的变化使得中伞新世时气温降低,但量级较小.影响中全新世时中国地区气候变化的因子,按影响程度由大到小的排序为:大尺度环流背景场、植被变化、地球轨道参数变化和CO2浓度变化.     

内蒙古地区云量时空分布及变化趋势分析

利用1983年7月至2001年9月ISCCP云气候资料集D2资料集内蒙古区域云资料和内蒙古地区117个地面观测站的多年月平均气温、降水资料,采用趋势分析方法分析了内蒙古地区总云量和高、中、低云量的时空分布和多年变化趋势,以及温度和降水的多年变化趋势。结果表明：内蒙古地区总云量、低云量、中云量呈白西向东逐渐增多,高云量自西南向东北逐渐减少的空间分布特征;19年来东部地区总云量呈增加趋势,中、西部地区总云量呈减少趋势,温度的升高可能是云量变化的原因之一,内蒙古东北部云量和降水量变化趋势一致。     

中国春季降水异常及其与热带太平洋海面温度和欧亚大陆积雪的联系

利用降水观测资料, 研究了1979～2004年中国春季 (3～5月) 标准化累积降水异常的时空特征及其与前冬、 春热带太平洋海面温度和春季欧亚大陆积雪的关系。中国春季标准化累积降水量EOF第一模态最大变率位于中国东部中纬度地区, 主要反映了中国东部中纬度地区春季降水的变化特征。同时, 中国东部春季降水异常具有南、 北反相变化的特征。当长江以南大部分地区的降水偏少时, 长江以北地区的降水偏多。春季降水异常具有显著的年际变化, 但在1980年代末出现年代际转型, 即年际变化的振幅明显增大变强、 周期变长。从华北到长江流域中纬度地区的春季降水异常特征与前冬热带太平洋海面温度有密切的关系。当前冬、 春热带东太平洋海温偏暖, 西太平洋海温偏冷时, 中国东部从华北到长江流域中纬度地区的春季降水偏多, 反之亦然。虽然当春季欧亚大陆楚科奇半岛和青藏高原积雪偏多, 贝加尔湖到中国东北地区的积雪偏少时, 对应着中国东部从华北到长江流域中纬度地区的降水偏多, 但当去掉ENSO信号后, 这种关系并不显著。说明EOF第一模态所反映的中国东部从华北到长江流域中纬度地区春季降水与欧亚大陆积雪的相关关系可能是前冬热带太平洋海面温度异常的一个体现。     

1961～2017年雅鲁藏布江河谷地区夏季气候暖干化趋势

基于1961～2017年青藏高原腹地雅鲁藏布江河谷地区4个站（拉萨、日喀则、泽当和江孜）夏季（6～8月）月平均气温、降水和相对湿度等观测资料,分析了该地区夏季气候年际和年代际演变特征,并探讨了气温、降水和相对湿度在年际和年代际时间尺度上的相互关系以及与总云量和地面水汽压的联系。结果表明:（1）1961～2017年该地区夏季气候出现了暖干化趋势。气温（相对湿度）显著升高（下降）,降水趋势变化不明显;本世纪初气温（相对湿度）均发生了显著的突变。（2）该地区夏季气候因子间在年际和年代际时间尺度上存在密切关系:气温与相对湿度和降水均存在明显的负相关,降水与相对湿度为正相关。（3）该地区夏季气候因子间的年际和年代际变化与同期总云量和地面水汽变化有关。1961～2017年总云量持续减少是气温显著升高的主要原因之一,气温的显著升高和降水变化不明显又造成了相对湿度的显著下降。     

基于CMIP5模式的中国气候变化敏感性预估与分析

以CMIP5提供的26个全球气候系统模式的温度和降水数据为基础,采用区域气候变化指数(Regional Climate Change Index,RCCI)分析中国的不同区域对21世纪气候变化响应的敏感性。结果表明,三种排放情景(RCP 2.6、RCP 4.5、RCP 8.5)下,21世纪全期,气候变化最敏感的区域分布在西藏地区,其次为我国西北地区以及东北地区,气候变化敏感性最低的区域分布在我国内蒙古中东部、华北地区以及长江中下游一带,且高排放情景对应更高的气候变化敏感性。对RCCI指数贡献因子分析结果表明,对中国气候变化敏感性贡献的大小依次为Δσ_TΔσ_pΔRRWAF。冬夏两季温度变化的大值区与RCCI指数的大致区分布一致,RCCI大小的分布很大程度上由温度变化的敏感性决定。而夏季降水变化的大值区主要出现在西藏地区、华南地区和东北地区,冬季降水变化的大值区则主要出现在黄河以南长江以北的中原地区以及东北地区。     

我国降水变化趋势的空间特征

利用1951年至1996年地面气象记录资料, 计算了我国全年和季节降水量长期变化趋势特征指数.结果表明, 我国长江中下游地区年和夏季降水量呈现明显增加趋势;北方的黄河流域降水表现出微弱减少趋势, 山东和辽宁省夏季雨量减少显著;但偏高纬度地区的新疆、东北北部、华北北部和内蒙古降水量或者增加, 或者变化趋势不明显.因此, 1997年黄河史无前例的断流和1998年长江特大洪水的发生, 均有其相应的区域长期降水气候趋势作为背景条件.研究还表明, 我国一些地区降水的季节性也发生了变化, 其中黄河中上游地区和长江中游地区春、秋季雨量占全年比例均有显著减少, 而河北东部、辽宁西部和东北科尔沁沙地春季降水相对增加.     

区域气候对土地类型变化的敏感性分析

评估土地利用和土地覆盖变化（LUCC）对区域气候的影响对理解陆、气相互作用和设计气候适应、解决策略至关重要。文章选取85～135°E,20～50°N为研究区域,通过设置两组实验分别进行三年的气候模拟。实验结果指出：LUCC对我国气候变化有显著影响。其中,冬季青藏高原和东北北部地区积雪增加,使得大气层顶净辐射通量呈现显著的负变化。夏季东部地区是近大气层顶的净辐射通量幅度较大的区域,且正、负变化相邻。我国全年降温区域比增温区域出现得多,并且东部地区的增温在冬季较夏季强。受LUCC影响,东北地区降水显著增加,沿30～35°N从青藏高原到山东半岛及其环渤海东海地区,有一条降水增加的雨带;华南地区降水减少较为显著。降水变化与云的短波辐射强迫变化有较好的对应关系,降水增加的地方云的短波辐射强迫减少,反之亦然。另外,降水和夏季的温度变化也有较好的对应关系。环流场为降水的发生提供有利条件,冬季高度场在我国东北地区和青藏高原为负变高中心,与冬季积雪覆盖区相吻合。夏季高度场在华南地区有正变高,有利于副热带高压的西伸和西南气流向华北输送水汽,最终导致华南地区降水减少。     

春季黑潮区海温异常与我国夏季降水的关系

利用海温资料、NCEP/NCAR 53 a(1951～2003年)再分析资料和全国160个站的月降水资料,采用小波、合成和相关分析等方法,分析了春季黑潮区域海表温度异常与我国夏季(6～8月)降水及其与夏季500 hPa高度场、水汽输送的关系。结果表明:春季黑潮区域海表温度具有明显的年际和年代际变化特征,海温的增加趋势非常显著,存在不同尺度的周期振荡,其中23 a左右的周期最显著。春季黑潮海温偏高时,中高纬地区的槽和脊加深,西北太平洋副热带高压加强、西伸,导致副热带高压西侧的暖湿气流输送到长江中下游及华南地区,从而使长江中下游及华南地区的夏季降水增多;水汽输送合成场表明来自南海、西太平洋的水汽输送较气候平均年偏强,向长江流域以北的水汽输送减少,使长江中下游及华南地区夏季降水增多;相反,海温偏低时,长江中下游及华南地区的夏季降水减少。     

长江流域大气降水中δ^18O变化与水汽来源

根据GNIP所提供的长江流域多年月平均降水中δD、δ^18O料以及NOAA-CIRES提供的NCEP/NCAR再分析资料,研究了长江流域降水稳定同位素与降水量、水汽压、温度和水汽来源之间的关系。结果表明：在平均季节尺度下,长江流域大气降水中δ^18O降水量、水汽压和温度均存在显著的负相关关系,说明该流域降水中δ^18O化存在显著的降水量效应、湿度效应和反温度效应。基于降水中过量氘示踪水汽来源原理,分析了中国长江流域季风区降水中过量氘与阿拉伯海、孟加拉湾和南印度洋3个海区相对湿度的关系,表明中国长江流域的水汽主要来源于上述3个海区,而昆明和成都可能受到其他水汽作用,使其与水汽源区的相对湿度呈正相变化。     

近四十年我国东部盛夏日降水特性变化分析

基于中国地区740台站的日降水资料,细致分析了近40年我国东部盛夏即7、8月份降水长期趋势和年代际变化特征。按小雨、中雨、大雨以及暴雨降水强度分类,探讨了不同强度降水在我国东部降水变化中的贡献。结果表明,中国东部地区盛夏降水变化主要受暴雨强度降水变化的影响,占总降水变化60%以上。近40年来,盛夏长江流域降水量、 降水频率、极端降水频率以及暴雨降水强度均呈增大趋势,在华北地区则呈减小趋势,除降水频率在长江流域的变化趋势绝对值比华北地区小外,另三个指标在长江流域的趋势变化值大约是后者的2倍。降水强度在中国东部表现出一致的增大趋势,但华北地区增大趋势不显著。华北地区降水的减少主要是小雨强度降水频率减小的结果,强降水的频率和强度在该地区也呈微弱的减小趋势,其中小雨强度降水频率减小趋势大值中心值达到-3%/10a,比中雨以上强度降水频率变化趋势值大一个量级;长江流域降水的增多,是各强度降水频率和强度增大共同作用的结果。长江流域和华北地区在区域平均降水频率、降水强度、极端降水频率、最大降水量的时间序列上,彼此均为负相关关系,其中降水频率和极端降水频率序列在两区域的相关系数通过99%的信度检验。Mann-Kendall检验表明,除华北地区降水强度外,其他降水指标均存在显著的年代际跃变。与1970年代末的气候跃变相对应,华北地区降水频率较之长江流域的跃变明显;但长江流域极端降水在1970年代末的跃变较之华北地区更显著,其降水强度、极端降水频率以及最大降水量均于1970年代末期前后发生显著年代际跃变。     

影响中国及关键经济区热带气旋降水的气候趋势及极端性特征

本文利用中国气象局上海台风研究所整编的《热带气旋年鉴》(1951~2010年)最佳路径资料,分析影响我国和关键经济区热带气旋(TC)降水量、降水强度以及不同等级降水TC频数的气候变化趋势,研究结果表明,影响全国的TC总降水量的年际变化幅度大,年际差异显著。长江三角洲、珠江三角洲地区影响TC过程雨量年极值自1970年代开始缓慢上升,表明近年来TC引起的极端性降水存在增加的可能。全国范围内自1970年代开始,过程雨量大于250 mm的TC频数也在增加,但长江三角洲、珠江三角洲地区发生极端性降水的TC频数并没有明显的增长。TC造成的24小时降水极值的气候变化趋势不明显,但是1980年代全国范围内的24小时降水极值存在跃变。长江三角洲、珠江三角洲地区日降水极值超过250 mm的TC频数自1980年代开始有缓慢增加趋势。全国范围、长江三角洲及珠江三角洲内TC小时降雨量年极值呈现振荡的周期变化,而在年代际上没有明显的变化趋势。     

Simulation of extreme precipitation indices in the Yangtze River basin by using statistical downscaling method (SDSM)

In this study, the applicability of the statistical downscaling model (SDSM) in modeling five extreme precipitation indices including R10 (no. of days with precipitation ≥10?mm?day^?1), SDI (simple daily intensity), CDD (maximum number of consecutive dry days), R1d (maximum 1-day precipitation total) and R5d (maximum 5-day precipitation total) in the Yangtze River basin, China was investigated. The investigation mainly includes the calibration and validation of SDSM model on downscaling daily precipitation, the validation of modeling extreme precipitation indices using independent period of the NCEP reanalysis data, and the projection of future regional scenarios of extreme precipitation indices. The results showed that: (1) there existed good relationship between the observed and simulated extreme precipitation indices during validation period of 1991–2000, the amount and the change pattern of extreme precipitation indices could be reasonably simulated by SDSM. (2) Under both scenarios A2 and B2, during the projection period of 2010–2099, the changes of annual mean extreme precipitation indices in the Yangtze River basin would be not obvious in 2020s; while slightly increase in the 2050s; and significant increase in the 2080s as compared to the mean values of the base period. The summer might be the more distinct season with more projected increase of each extreme precipitation indices than in other seasons. And (3) there would be distinctive spatial distribution differences for the change of annual mean extreme precipitation indices in the river basin, but the most of Yangtze River basin would be dominated by the increasing trend.     

西南地区东部大官山山地降水梯度变化特征分析

基于2019年1月~2020年12月西南地区东部大官山降水观测数据,分析了降水随海拔高度的变化特征。结果表明：2019~2020年,大官山降水量总体随海拔升高而增大,多年平均梯度变化率为1.32%/100 m,最大降水高度在海拔1900 m左右。各季降水梯度变化率中,夏、秋季高,冬、春季低,夏季为3.31 mm/100 m,秋季为1.39 mm/100 m,冬季为0.50 mm/100 m,春季为0.67 mm/100 m。各月降水梯度变化率中,7月最高,达5.06 mm/100 m,1月和11月最低,分别为0.23 mm/100 m和0.29 mm/100 m。降水日数和小雨日数随高度的线性变化趋势较明显,平均上升率分别为2.86 d/100 m和2.56 d/100 m。大雨日数在海拔1900 m左右最大,暴雨日数在海拔2500 m左右最大。降水日变化表现出多峰值特征,降水量和降水强度均在06~09时达到最大,降水频率也随海拔高度升高而增大,其中,高海拔降水频率在15时左右达到最大。降水随海拔高度的变化与天气过程密切相关,持续阴雨天气过程降水量的梯度变化较为平缓,暴雨天气过程降水量随海拔的升高而升高,局地阵雨中单次过程降水量与海拔高度相关性不明显。     

Coupling climate change with hydrological dynamic in Qinling Mountains, China

This study intends to disclose orographic effects on climate and climatic impacts on hydrological regimes in Qinling Mountains under global change background. We integrate a meteorological model (MM5 model, PSU/NCAR, 2005) and a hydrological model (SWAT model, 2005) to couple hydrological dynamic with climate change in Qinling Mountains. Models are calibrated and validated based on the simulation of different combined schemes. Following findings were achieved. Firstly, Qinling Mountains dominantly influence climate, and hydrological process in Weihe River and upper Hanjiang River. Results show that Qinling Mountains lead to a strong north–south gradient precipitation distribution over Qinling Mountains due to orographic effects, and it reduces precipitation from 10–25 mm (December) to 55–80 mm (August) in Weihe River basin, and adds 25–50 mm (December) or 65–112 mm (August) in upper Hanjiang River basin; evapotranspiration (ET) decrease of 21% in Weihe River (August) and increase 10.5% in upper Hanjiang River (July). The Qinling Mountains reduce water yields of 23.5% in Weihe River, and decrease of 11.3% in upper Hanjiang River. Secondly, climate change is responsible for the changes of coupling effects of rainfall, land use and cover, river flow and water resources. It shows that average temperature significantly increased, and precipitation substantially reduced which leads to hydrological process changed greatly from 1950 to 2005: temperature increased and precipitation decreased, climate became drier in the past two decades (1980–2005), high levels of precipitation exists in mid-1950, mid-1970, while other studied periods are in low level states. The inter-annual variation in water yield correlates with surface runoff with an R ² value of 0.63 (Weihe River) and 0.87 (upper Hanjiang River). It shows that variation of annual precipitation was smaller than that of seasonal precipitation.     

Direct Climatic Effect of Aerosols and Interdecadal Variations over East Asia Investigated by a Regional Coupled Climate-chemistry/aerosol Model

The direct climatic effect of aerosols for the 1980-2000 period over East Asia was numerically investigated by a regional scale coupled climate-chemistry/aerosol model,which includes major anthropogenic aerosols(sulfate,black carbon,and organic carbon) and natural aerosols(soil dust and sea salt) .Anthropogenic emissions used in model simulation are from a global emission inventory prepared for the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Fifth Assessment Report(IPCC AR5) ,whereas natural aerosols are calculated online in the model.The simulated 20-year average direct solar radiative effect due to aerosols at the surface was estimated to be in a range of-9--33 W m-2 over most areas of China,with maxima over the Gobi desert of West China,and-12 W m-2 to-24 W m-2 over the Sichuan Basin,the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River and the Yangtze River.Aerosols caused surface cooling in most areas of East Asia,with maxima of-0.8-C to-1.6-C over the deserts of West China,the Sichuan Basin,portions of central China,and the middle reaches of the Yangtze River. Aerosols induced a precipitation decrease over almost the entire East China,with maxima of-90 mm/year to-150 mm/year over the Sichuan Basin,the middle reaches of the Yangtze River and the lower reaches of the Yellow River.Interdecadal variation of the climate response to the aerosol direct radiative effect is evident,indicating larger decrease in surface air temperature and stronger perturbation to precipitation in the 1990s than that in the 1980s,which could be due to the interdecadal variation of anthropogenic emissions.     

Modeling of the Second Indirect Effect of Anthropogenic Aerosols in East Asia

This study investigated the second indirect climatic effect of anthropogenic aerosols,including sulfate,organic carbon(OC) ,and black carbon(BC) ,over East Asia.The seasonal variation of the climatic response to the second indirect effect was also characterized.The simulation period for this study was 2006.Due to a decrease in autoconversion rate from cloud water to rain as a result of aerosols,the cloud liquid water path(LWP) ,and radiative flux(RF) at the top of the atmosphere(TOA) changed dramatically,increasing by 14.3 g m-2 and decreasing by-4.1 W m-2 in terms of domain and annual average.Both LWP and RF changed most in autumn. There were strong decreases in ground temperature in Southwest China,the middle reaches of the Yangtze River in spring and autumn,while maximum cooling of up to-1.5 K occurred in the Chongqing district.The regional and annual mean change in ground temperature reached-0.2 K over eastern China.In all seasons except summer,precipitation generally decreased in most areas north of the Yangtze River,whereas precipitation changed little in South China.Precipitation changed most in summer,with alternating bands of increasing(～40 mm) and decreasing(～40 mm) precipitation appearing in eastern China.Precipitation decreased by 1.5-40 mm over large areas of Northeast China and the Huabei Plain.The domain and annual mean change in precipitation was approximately-0.3 mm over eastern China.The maximum reduction in precipitation occurred in summer,with mean absolute and relative changes of-1.2 mm and-3.8%over eastern China.This study revealed considerable climate responses to the second indirect effect of aerosols over specific regions of China.     

Trends in graded precipitation in China from 1961 to 2000

Daily precipitation rates observed at 576 stations in China from 1961 to 2000 were classified into six grades of intensity, including trace （no amount）, slight （≤ 1 mm d^-1）, small, large, heavy, and very heavy. The last four grades together constitute the so called effective precipitation （〉 1 mm d^-1）. The spatial distribution and temporal trend of the graded precipitation days are examined. A decreasing trend in trace precipitation days is observed for the whole of China, except at several sites in the south of the middle section of the Yangtze River, while a decreasing trend in slight precipitation days only appears in eastern China. The decreasing trend and interannual variability of trace precipitation days is consistent with the warming trend and corresponding temperature variability in China for the same period, indicating a possible role played by increased surface air temperature in cloud formation processes. For the effective precipitation days, a decreasing trend is observed along the Yellow River valley and for the middle reaches of the Yangtze River and Southwest China, while an increasing trend is found for Xinjiang, the eastern Tibetan Plateau, Northeast China and Southeast China. The decreasing trend of effective precipitation days for the middle- lower Yellow River valley and the increasing trend for the lower Yangtze River valley are most likely linked to anomalous monsoon circulation in East China. The most important contributor to the trend in effective precipitation depends upon the region concerned.     

Temporal and Spatial Characteristics of Extreme Hourly Precipitation over Eastern China in the Warm Season

Based on hourly precipitation data in eastern China in the warm season during 1961-2000,spatial distributions of frequency for 20 mm h 1 and 50 mm h 1 precipitation were analyzed,and the criteria of short-duration rainfall events and severe rainfall events are discussed.Furthermore,the percentile method was used to define local hourly extreme precipitation;based on this,diurnal variations and trends in extreme precipitation were further studied.The results of this study show that,over Yunnan,South China,North China,and Northeast China,the most frequent extreme precipitation events occur most frequently in late afternoon and/or early evening.In the Guizhou Plateau and the Sichuan Basin,the maximum frequency of extreme precipitation events occurs in the late night and/or early morning.And in the western Sichuan Plateau,the maximum frequency occurs in the middle of the night.The frequency of extreme precipitation (based on hourly rainfall measurements) has increased in most parts of eastern China,especially in Northeast China and the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River,but precipitation has decreased significantly in North China in the past 50 years.In addition,stations in the Guizhou Plateau and the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River exhibit significant increasing trends in hourly precipitation extremes during the nighttime more than during the daytime.     

西藏雅江中西段流域夏季降水量变化特征

利用西藏雅鲁藏布江流域6个代表站降水资料,研究了雅江流域近53年的夏季降水量变化特征。主要结论包括:1963~2014年雅江流域6个站各站年平均降水量在286.2~447.9mm,夏季(6~8月)平均降水量在221.4~355.4mm,占年降水量的71%~85.5%。年最大降水量出现在拉萨,其次是日喀则和泽当,位于雅江偏西段的定日和江孜降水量最少;夏季降水量空间分布特征与年降水量的分布特征基本一致。雅江流域年降水量存在显著的年际和年代际变化特征,降水总量呈增多趋势。夏季降水量对年总降水量的贡献最大,占年降水总量的77%。夏季(6~8月)降水量变化与年降水量的变化趋势一致,即总体呈增多趋势。拉萨、定日、日喀则、浪卡子夏季降水量的变化趋势与雅江流域整体趋势特征一致,其中拉萨最明显,而泽当和江孜降水量呈减少趋势。雅江流域夏季降水量在1998年出现了明显突变,21世纪以来的十几年内存在短时间的突变现象。雅江流域夏季降水量主要存在2~4a和7~8a的变化周期。