平面剪切型结构考虑土—结构相互作用的地震反应分析

本文根据子结构法思想提出了相互作用体系在频域内的运动方程,同时应用波在连续介质中的传播理论和间接边界元法推导了格林影响函数,从而进一步推导了地基土的动力刚度系数。文中通过计算带埋置的刚性矩形基础的平面剪切型结构的地震动力响应,并与基底固定的计算结果作比较,得到了有意义的结论。     

桩-土-结构相互作用弹塑性地震反应分析

采用动力有限元时程分析方法，以多高层框架结构为对象，研究了水平地震作用下桩-土-结构相互作用时上部结构弹塑性动力特性和规律。结果表明，弹塑性分析和弹性分析引起的结果有较大的差异；考虑弹塑性相互作用后柱的剪力、轴力和弯矩在不同的楼层有放大现象，按折减方法来考虑相互作用并非总是安全的，柱的剪力、轴力、弯矩和等效应力的折减系数沿楼层变化曲线不尽相同，应引起注意。     

高压输电塔-桩-土相互作用分析模型及地震反应:侧向分析

本文提出了侧向地震作用下高压输电塔－导线耦联体系土体－桩－结构相互作用分析的力学模型、推导了运动方程,编制了计算程序,并对某一具体的输电塔进行计算,按考虑与不考虑相互作用的两种情况进行对比分析。     

高层结构-桩-土共同作用的地震反应分析

采用边界元特解样条函数提出了桩－土与上部结构共同作用的动力分析方程，分析了土桩刚度与阻抗的计算方法；指出在共同作用下，结构的动力特性发生了变化，结构自振频率减小，上部结构的位移、加速度分布不同于传统的以第1振型为主的倒三角形分布，而随着地基土软弱程度的加重越来越接近K型分布的特性。     

桩-土-结构动力相互作用的分析模型与方法

针对柱－土－结构动力相互作用问题中桩的分析模型、群桩效率和整个体系的分析方法等问题总结了其发展现状，讨论了今后的发展趋势，并就有待深入研究的问题提出了作者的观点。     

接触对桩-土-结构动力相互作用体系的影响

为了考察桩-土接触效应对结构地震反应的影响,利用有限元软件ABAQUS建立了土-桩-框架二维有限元模型,分别采用损伤塑性模型和动力粘塑性记忆型嵌套面模型模拟混凝土和土体,利用rebar单元模拟混凝土内的钢筋,取得了较好的计算效果.计算分析中采用19条不同频谱的地震波记录,考虑了地震动强度、桩径、摩擦系数等因素,以层间位移角和桩顶最大位移为主要评价指标,揭示相互作用体系的动力响应特性.分析认为,计算结果对桩、土摩擦系数的取值不敏感;不考虑土-桩接触时,近场土体的动力反应与实际情况存在一定的误差,且上部结构和桩基的动力反应会被低估,应该考虑桩-土动力接触效应;地震动强度增加时,随着结构进入塑性状态,低估程度减小;桩径增加时,低估程度没有显著变化,虽然桩基和上部结构的反应都有所减小.     

桥梁-桩-土相互作用三维地震反应分析方法

利用大型有限元通用软件ANSYS/LS-DYNA及其并行运算功能,提出了一种大跨度斜拉桥在地震作用下考虑SSI效应的三维整体时程反应分析方法,比较了考虑桥梁结构线性和非线性两种情形的计算结果,并对其计算效率进行了探讨。     

均匀土-桩基-结构相互作用体系的计算分析

本文以结构－地基动力相互作用振动台模型试验为基础，结合通用有限元软件ANSYS，对均匀土－桩基－结构动力相互作用体系进行了三维有限元分析。计算中土体采用等效线性模型，利用面－面接触单元考虑土体与结构交界面的状态非线性，计算与试验得出的规律基本一致。桩基与土体间发生了脱开再闭合和滑移现象。桩身应变幅值分布呈桩顶大、桩尖小的倒三角分布，角桩的应变幅值较大，边排中桩和中桩的应变幅值较小。桩土接触压力幅值呈桩顶小、桩尖大的三角形分布。在沿振动方向的三排桩中，边排桩的滑移比中排桩的滑移量大。通过计算分析与试验的对照研究，验证了采用的计算模型与分析方法的合理性，为结构－地基相互作用的进一步研究奠定了基础。     

液化场地桩-土-桥梁结构动力相互作用振动台试验研究进展

本文在全面归纳与总结液化场地桩－土－桥梁结构动力相互作用振动台试验及与之相关领域的国内外研究进展基础上，直接针对我国桥梁工程中的主要震害问题，提出在我国开展液化场地桩－土－桥梁结构动力相互作用振动台试验研究的必要性，并阐述作者对液化场地桩－土－张桥梁结构动力相互作用振动台试验中若干问题的认识。     

卵形消化池-桩-土相互作用地震反应分析

本文对卵形消化池-桩-土相互作用进行地震反应分析。从分枝模态——二步分析法的基本概念入手,将卵形消化池简化为振动特性和实际结构相同的简化结构,求得上、下部结构之间的耦合项,将耦合项和地震动一起组成修正地震动,以此作为刚性地基上卵形消化池地震反应分析的地震输入,从而求得考虑相互作用影响的卵形消化池地震反应。计算结果表明,在罕遇地震作用下,虽然部分土体进入塑性,池体仍处于弹性工作阶段,并且考虑相互作用影响后得到的卵形消化池地震反应,无论是池体位移还是池壁内力均要小于不考虑相互作用的。本文为解决复杂的卵形消化池-桩-土相互作用问题提供了一种较为实用的分析方法。     

Generalized method for non-linear seismic response analysis of a three dimensional soil–structure interaction system

Previous achievements using the dynamic non-linear analysis of an interaction system are reviewed briefly, after which a three dimensional (3D) model of the stress redistribution of soil based on the Mohr–Coulomb failure law is presented to evaluate the unbalanced tensor at every iteration in the load transfer method. A 3D, full non-linear analysis was used to examine the validity and accuracy of results obtained by 2D analysis by combining the model of redistributed stresses proposed here with the joint element model. Based on the numerical solution reported here, we concluded that both the 3D and 2D models of stress redistribution work well and reflect the yielding pattern of soil during excitation, but the former is more realistic. The failure area in the structural zone obtained by 3D analysis is slightly larger but similar to that obtained by 2D analysis. The ratio of maximum strain to yield strain and non-linear time ratio, β_s, for the soil elements in the structural zone are also a little larger. In contrast, the maximum separation values for the joint elements are much smaller and the separation pattern for the x-side wall interface is the reverse of that found by 2D analysis. These values, however, affect only responses in the short period range and the regions close to the interface. In general, the tendencies shown by 2D analysis for the effects of non-linear behaviour on structural responses are confirmed for the parameters investigated.     

Non-linear seismic response analysis of soil-structure interaction systems

This paper presents an effective analysis procedure for the dynamic soil-structure interaction problem considering not only the sliding and separation phenomena but also the non-linear behaviour of soil by the finite element method. Soil is assumed to be an elasto-plastic material and the contact surface between the soil and structure is modelled by the joint element. The load transfer method is adopted to carry out dynamic non-linear response analysis. The method is applied to the response analysis of a nuclear reactor building resting on the ground surface. The effects of non-linear behaviour of soil on the safety against sliding of the structure are examined. The numerical computations reveal the following results: that the non-linear behaviour of soil reduces the response of the system and the magnitude of sliding of the structure, and that the safety against sliding obtained by the proposed method is higher than the safety obtained by classical methods. This implies the possibility of a more rational and economical design of large structures; it can be said that the proposed method provides useful information for the stability analysis of important and large structures.     

Numerical analysis on seismic response of Shinkansen bridge-train interaction system under moderate earthquakes

This study is intended to evaluate the influence of dynamic bridge-train interaction (BTI) on the seismic response of the Shinkansen system in Japan under moderate earthquakes. An analytical approach to simulate the seismic response of the BTI system is developed. In this approach, the behavior of the bridge structure is assumed to be within the elastic range under moderate ground motions. A bullet train car model idealized as a sprung-mass system is established. The viaduct is modeled with 3D finite elements. The BTI analysis algorithm is verified by comparing the analytical and experimental results. The seismic analysis is validated through comparison with a general program. Then, the seismic responses of the BTI system are simulated and evaluated. Some useful conclusions are drawn, indicating the importance of a proper consideration of the dynamic BTI in seismic design.     

Inelastic seismic response of torsionally unbalanced systems designed using elastic dynamic analysis

This paper evaluates the inelastic seismic response of torsionally unbalanced structural systems with strength distributed using elastic response spectrum analysis. The structural model is a single mass torsionally unbalanced system with lateral load resisting elements spanning in two principal directions. The element strength is distributed based on elastic response spectrum analysis and three different approaches to incorporate accidental torsion are considered: (a) without incorporating accidental torsion; (b) by applying static floor torques; (c) by shifting the location of the centre of mass. The seismic input is bidirectionally applied at the base of the model. It is shown that the inelastic responses depend strongly on the torsional stiffness of the system. For a torsionally stiff system, the torsional response leads to a decrease in the stiff edge displacement; however, for a torsionally flexible system, it tends to increase the stiff edge displacement. Using response spectrum analysis without including accidental torsion may lead to excessive additional ductility demand on the stiff edge element. With accidental torsion effect incorporated, the response spectrum analysis will give a strength distribution such that there will be no excessive additional ductility demands on the lateral load resisting elements.     

The shape of the seismic response interaction diagram: The effect of combination rules in response spectrum analysis

This paper deals with the construction of seismic response interaction diagrams that show the correlation of multiple responses and are important to determine the critical combination of modal responses. Many design problems, such as column design under combined axial force and bending moments, fall into this category. We address general modal and multicomponent combination rules and study their effect on the shape of the response interaction diagrams, thus extending previous work done for quadratic combination rules. Special attention is given to multilinear combination rules which lead to polyhedral shapes. Having developed efficient methods to deal with polyhedral shapes, we explore the idea of adopting a multilinear modal combination rule to compose with a multicomponent percentage rule.     

复合隔震结构地震反应的简化计算

对单质点复合隔震结构的振动进行了分析，并导出了通过迭代计算复合隔城结构最大地震反应的简化公式，该计算公式可用于砌体隔震结构及类似结构初步设计的估算。     

结构-基础-土-河流相互作用地震反应分析

为了研究不同基础形式下河水对成层软土地基上建筑物地震反应的影响,构建了结构-基础-土-河水体系动力相互作用的非线性完全有限元计算模型,在考虑土体重力的前提下,对筏片基础、桩筏基础、箱形基础、桩箱基础相互作用体系进行了时域数值分析。计算结果表明,建筑物靠近河水时,筏基和箱基体系顶部位移发生了向河水一侧的偏移,而采用桩基和桩箱基础时其偏移度明显减小。同种基础形式下,建筑物距河水越远,其框架剪力峰值越大,而不同基础形式的同种工况,桩箱基础时柱剪力最大,筏片基础时最小。单纯筏基和箱基时,基础周围土体均大量进入塑性,上部结构仍保持弹性;而采用下部有桩基础的筏基或箱基时,地基土体只有很少量进入塑性,上部框架结构进入了塑性。     

地震动反应谱与RC框架结构地震响应相关性分析

弹塑性时程分析一般用来评估和验算结构抗震性能,如何选取合适的输入地震动是其中关键工作之一。为给结构弹塑性时程分析选取地震动提供合理的参考参数,本文讨论了地震动反应谱参数与结构地震响应之间的相关性。首先建立了6层和7层两个钢筋混凝土(RC)框架结构数值模型,分别对两个结构进行了大量地震动作用下的时程反应分析,并考察了地震反应特点;然后将结构地震响应与地震动反应谱参数建立关系并进行了相关性分析。结果表明:对RC框架而言,结构地震响应与弹性谱参数相关性较小,与等强度反应谱相关性随标准屈服强度降低而增大,与等延性反应谱相关性随延性增大而增大,而与地震动输入能量谱在标准屈服强度较小时相关性最大。建议RC框架结构在进行地震反应时程分析时,可以参考地震动的弹塑性输入能量谱、等强度速度谱和等延性加速度或位移谱,以选取引起结构不同地震反应水平的输入地震动。本文结果和结论可供结构弹塑性时程分析选取合适的输入地震动参考。     

Structural seismic response analysis based on multiscale approach of computing fault–structure system

Structural safety for earthquake waves emitted from a nearby fault is a major concern. For a large complex structure, it might be desired to estimate its seismic response by analyzing a fault–structure system: a full three‐dimensional model in which a source fault and a target structure are modeled so that fault processes, wave propagation and amplification processes, and resulting dynamic responses of the structure can be computed numerically. To analyze this fault–structure system, this paper proposes an efficient approach based on multiscale analysis, i.e. waves emitted from the source fault are computed in the entire system in the geological length‐scale; then they are refined in a small part of the system that includes the structure, and the seismic response of the structure is accurately computed in the engineering length‐scale. Using a long highway tunnel as an example, this paper examines the validity of the proposed approach. The usefulness and applicability of the proposed approach to estimate the structural seismic responses are discussed. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.