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上海定点形变异常特征及机理分析

2009年11月上海松江地震序列距佘山形变观测点约18 km,距查山形变台约32 km。地震前这两个定点的形变观测均出现不同程度的异常。结合形变资料和震源机制解分析结果发现,此次异常的应力方向与该区域的背景应力场方向基本一致,因此认为,观测到的形变异常很可能反映的是区域构造应力场的变化情况。     

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A STUDY ON RELATION BETWEEN CONTINUOUS RAPID DEFORMATION AND EARTHQUAKES

Continuous Rapid Deformation (CRD) may be an important precursor before some strong earthquakes with magnitude greater than MsS. 0. This paper shows some characteristics of CRD, and proposes a method for identifying precursory CRD that is closely related to the process of earthquake preparation. From the deformation data in Yunnan-Sichan provinces, we obtained the tilt and strain thresholds of 4.5ms/d and 5 × 10-7/d, respectively. Compared the tilt CRD in this region before 9 earthquakes (short-term fore-shocks and after-shocks not included) with magnitude greater than 5.8 in the period from January of 1990 to May of 2001, we found that 8 earthquakes occurred within 5 months after the CRD with a duration of more than 20 days and a tilt velocity of more than 4. 5ms/d without false prediction, but with one failure in earthquake prediction. For the strain CRD, 5 earthquakes occurred after the CRD; there was no false prediction, but 4 earthquakes unpredicted. We have tried to increase the thresholds, but found either the failure ratio or the rate of false prediction increased, while the success rate not obvious increased.     

云县台倾斜观测资料地震前兆分析与研究

收集整理云县台水管倾斜观测资料,滤除固体潮固定频率成分,剔除降雨干扰,构建月降水量和月倾斜增量的线性方程,并求取实际测值与理论值的残差。结果表明,倾斜观测两分量异常变化的开始或结束时间对台站周边500 km范围内地震发生时间有一定的指示意义,当残差值大于1倍均方差时,异常开始后1～6个月内,周边200 km范围内会有5级以上地震发生,500 km范围内有6级以上地震发生。预报效能检验结果显示,该方法对云南地区MS≥5.0地震具有较好的映震效果,可为该地区中短临地震趋势分析提供依据。     

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粤闽交界地区地震形变前兆研究

采用形变速率、静压订正及固体潮调和分析等方法从多种形变资料中提取粤闽交界地区地震形变的中期前兆信息，并据此研究了形变异常的特征。最后，从形变机理、异常信息合成及信息可信度评估等方面讨论了该区地震形变前兆的可信度。认为该区震前形变速率及地壳物性等反常变化可视作地震形变的中期前兆，震兆异常具有准同步群体性、发展阶段性和空间分布密集性等异常时空分布特征，震兆可信度达０．５以上     

滇西北下关跨断层场地形变异常调查与机理分析

对滇西北下关跨断层场地形变异常进行实地调研和考察,分析原始观测曲线,计算断层水平扭错、水平张压和垂直升降相对变化的累积量,讨论形变异常机理。结果表明： 1）下关场地观测点位稳定,观测环境较好,无人为破坏或干扰现象,场地观测数据连续可靠;2）下关场地跨断层观测反映的断层背景活动方式为右旋活动,近期有所增强;3）下关场地断层形变中的压性异常波动与周边中强震、远场大地震有一定的对应关系;4）跨断层基线得到的水平张压累积量显示,地表断层存在持续的拉张活动,水准得到的垂直升降累积量显示,断层存在持续压性(逆断)活动,二者可以在统一的机理下得到解释,这对解释跨断层场地观测中存在的大量矛盾现象具有重要的参考价值。     

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