关于(X_1,…,X_n)的可行图是最小可行图的条件

本文首先证明了关于(X_1,X_2,X_3,X_4)的可行图G=G_1∪G_2∪G_3∪G_4是最小可行图的充分必要条件;然后给出了关于(X_1,…,X_n)的可行图G=∪_(i=1)~n G_i是最小可行图的充分必要条件,它推广了[1]的一个结果。     

隧道洞门圈中心测量的几种方法比较

本文就洞门圈中心坐标确定的几种测量方法进行了阐述,并利用这几种方法对青草沙原水工程岛域段隧道某一洞门圈实测数据进行了对比分析,最后得出了这几种方法的优劣及适用性。     

“水滴形”立交环圈匝道的测设

水滴形环圈匝道是目前立交道路左转弯匝道设计时采用的最新线形，西方详细介绍了其测设方法。     

MapBasic开发地籍宗地图编辑工具条

本文主要阐述了利用MapBasic编程语言开发“常州1:500地籍宗地图编辑工具条”的思想及应用(含程序主模块)。     

GIS技术在数字化地质填图中的实施方法

针对区域地质调查特点,介绍了数字化地质填图过程中基于地理信息系统(G IS)技术的地质图数字化的流程及进行该项工作所需要的软件。阐述了建立在G IS技术基础上的数字化地质填图的工作流程及实施过程中的关键技术。     

苏州城市标准地名图的编绘

标准地名图是专题地图中的一种。随着地名工作深入发展,地名图的特点和作用已被地名部门所认识。苏州市地名委员会继1982年编绘地名图之后,又于1988年4月组织编绘了全开《苏州城市标准地名图》。现将该图(以下称1:9000标准地名图)有关情况介绍如下: 一、编绘1:9000标准地名图的意义以收载市人民政府批准、公布的现势性标准地名的地图称为标准地名图。这种地图是在1980     

制作1:5万TM影像图的关键技术

为了适应面广量大且需求仍在不断增长的1:5万专题调查制图的需要,我们采用数字插值放大、优化波段组合的光机复合处理技术,探索了1:5万高质量TM影像图的制作技术。本文介绍了制作1:5万高质量TM影像图的基本工艺方案及技术关键:(1)对TM图像磁带数据进行实数倍(2.28倍)双向线性插值放大,(2)在C-4500扫描仪上用50μm光点扫描获得比例尺为1:25万的潜影图像,(3)把潜影图像经显影、定影处理,再光学放大5倍,获得1:5万TM影像图。从我们结合有关任务先后在河北省南皮县、黑龙江省穆稜县和山东省莱洲湾等地区进行的试验研究看,均取得了良好效果。     

黄山风景区大比例尺航测数字成图与数据建库技术方案

在地貌奇特的黄山风景区,采用全数字摄影测量技术测绘1:1000、1:2000比例尺数字线划图(DLG)、数字正射影像图(DOM)和数字高程模型(DEM),必须要根据测区的特点制定出切实可行的技术方案,才能确保成果可靠、质量符合《规范》的要求。     

数字城市“十分钟健身圈”示范应用系统研究与开发

数字城市建设既是加快城市现代化的内在要求,也是增强城市综合竞争力的有力工具。天地图各项工作的推进,加快了数字城市的发展,随着全民健身越来越受重视,体育健身信息与基础地理信息相结合的体育信息系统应运而生,本文基于"天地图.江苏"公共服务平台,完成了数字城市"十分钟健身圈"示范应用系统的架构以及系统主要功能的设计,采用B/S与C/S相结合的方式,实现了集电子地图和体育专题数据为一体的"十分钟健身圈"应用示范系统。     

基于ArcMap的图幅接合表快速生成方法研究

以1︰10 000梯形图幅接合表和1︰2 000矩形图幅接合表为例,介绍了一种基于Arc Map 10.1中Create Fishnet(渔网)工具的图幅接合表快速生成及相应图幅号生成、标注的方法,该方法能大幅提高图幅接合表生成的效率和正确性。     

THE VARIATION OF THE ATMOSPHERIC COEFFICIENT OF REFRACTION WITH THE NATURE OF THE SOURCE OF LIGHT

Abstract

In working out vertical heights on the Akuse-Kete Krachi chain of triangulation in the Gold Coast a fairly considerable difference was found between values of the coefficient of refraction obtained from observations taken during the day and those taken at night, the mean values being 0.069 for daylight observations to heliographs and 0.087 for night observations to lamps. This difference no doubt is due mainly to the condition of the atmosphere during the day differing from its condition during the night rather than to any effect due to different sources of light. A new chain has recently been observed in Western Ashanti, and the index of refraction for the daylight observations again gave a lower value than that obtained from the night observations, the figures being 0.073 and 0.099 respectively. For the night work three different sources of light were used, hurricane lamps for short lines, Tilley vapour-pressure lamps for lines of intermediate length, and McCaw acetylene signalling lamps by Watts for long lines. It occurred, therefore, to the writer to examine the results to see if the mean values of the index of refraction showed any variations for the different light sources, since it seemed reasonable to suppose that the constitution of the light emitted from each source would be different and hence that the coefficient of refraction might vary.     

THE THEORY OF THE ANALYTICAL SOLUTION OF THE STEREOGRAM

The theory of the solution of the stereogram is developed from the condition that the vector triangle, formed by the base-line and the two rays from the perspective centre to a common model point, shall be in equilibrium. Using this approach the unique definition of a point in the model follows naturally from the solution of the relative orientation problem.     

THE CALCULATION OF THE HEIGHT OF KILIMANJARO

Abstract

The observations to height Kilimanjaro were made from two ground stations, Domberg (5,081·6 ft.) and Lelatema (5,323.1 ft.) and from a point called Kibo near Kaiser Wilhelm Spitze which is regarded as the highest point on the crater rim. It was originally intended to include a third ground station, Kifaru, but it was discovered that the ice cap obstructed observations between this point and the top.     

基于高分三号数据的干涉测量研究

合成孔径雷达技术与传统测量技术相比,实现全天时、全天候对地观测,并监测地面的形变信息。2012年前,INSAR研究和应用团队仍然停留在依赖于国外数据的窘迫现状。随着资源三号、环境一号卫星的发射,作为光学卫星为我国测绘事业提供不少便利,但是国内并没有一颗真正意义的SAR卫星。2016年,高分三号作为首颗SAR卫星解决国内SAR卫星数据短缺的问题,研究高分三号卫星的InSAR能力,同时将高分三号卫星应用范围得以拓展。本文对高分三号河南省登封市周围地区进行实验分析,并与InSAR技术成熟的哨兵一号卫星数据进行对比分析,得出结论:①合成孔径雷达采集时间间隔29 d或者29 d的倍数并且雷达入射角相同的高分三号数据可以用于InSAR试验,通过合成孔径雷达干涉测量技术对地表进行形变监测,验证高分三号的干涉测量能力;②通过高分三号数据进行山区形变监测,利用哨兵一号数据对测区进行对比分析,验证高分三号提取地表形变信息的能力。     

THE NAMING OF THE STARS

Abstract

We have seen that a few constellation-names used by us to-day make their appearance as far back as the Homeric poems, while the star-names Sirius and Arcturus are found in the works of Hesiod. We saw no reason to suppose that these early poets knew no names for other groups. They mentioned only those conspicuous heavenly objects that might occur in any general literature, as for example in the Old Testament books of Job and Amos. There are sporadic references to constellations in the extant works of the great Greek tragedians of the fifth century B.C., but these give us few additions to the Homeric list'. It is not till we come to the special literature of the subject that constellation-names appear in any quantity. The first specialist whose name stands out is the mathematician Eudoxus of Cnidus, a disciple of Plato, who lived in the first half of the fourth century B.C. He wrote a prose work entitled the “Phaenomena”, which, though unfortunately lost, was rendered into verse by the poet Aratus about 275 B.C.     

THE NAMING OF THE STARS

Abstract

The order of the constellations in the following catalogue is that of the list in Ptolemy's “Almagest, except that the modern groups in the northern hemisphere are inserted after Ptolemy's northern and before his zodiacal constellations, while the modern groups in the southern hemisphere follow the last of his list. The constellation-name in italic capitals is the Latin form in general use. It is followed by the English translation where necessary and by the French and German versions. The Greek and Arabic names, with their authorities, are then given and translated where they differ in meaning from the Latin.     

地壳形变干扰因素有效性的判别

建立地壳形变模型时需要考虑外界因素的影响，为此必须判断外界干扰因素显著性，常用的经典方差分析判别法要求干扰因素之间是相互独立的，而实际上干扰因素之间经常产苤满足这一条件，本文提出基于加权最小二乘准则下的方差分析理论，它容许干扰因素之间互相相关，从理论上较好地解决这一问题，文中导出和论证了相应的公式，并以实例讨论了它的应用。     

APPLICATION OF THE HARTLEY TRANSFORM IN THE COMPUTATION OF THE GEOID IN CHINA

This paper presents a method for the computation of the Stokes for-mula using the Fast Hartley Transform（FHT）techniques.The algorithm is mostsuitable for the computation of real sequence transform,while the Fast FourierTransform（FFT）techniques are more suitable for the computaton of complex se-quence transform.A method of spherical coordinate transformation is presented inthis paper.By this method the errors,which are due to the approximate term inthe convolution of Stokes formula,can be effectively eliminated.Some numericaltests are given.By a comparison with both FFT techniques and numerical integra-tion method,the results show that the resulting values of geoidal undulations byFHT techniques are almost the same as by FFT techniques,and the computation-al speed of FHT techniques is about two times faster than that of FFT techniques.     

ON THE ESSENCE OF THE LANGUAGE OF THE MAP

The author continues development of his concept of cartography as the “language of the map,” an earlier paper of this subject appearing in translation in M.S.R.S., 1985, No. 1. Although the term language has been widely used to describe cartographic communication, current theory fails to incorporate aspects of the language which provide for a comprehensive understanding of its structure and function. In particular, the language of the map and its symbolic elements cannot be explained reflexively by methods and rules of symbol and map design, since these elements were developed not before but after the existence of the language. The language of the map thus is proposed as the mechanism which provides for replicability or duplication in the way a system of mapmaking-map use functions (under diverse conditions, purposes, historical periods, and levels of training of users) through its different methods, models, and norms. Translated from: Geografiya i prirodnyye resursy, 1985, No. 3, pp. 142-151.