电感耦合等离子体—发射光谱法测定大气颗粒物中的铜,铅,锌

将样品滤膜一起用ＨＦ、ＨＮＯ３及ＨＣｌＯ４消化，制成１０％的ＨＮＯ３溶液，用ＩＣＰ－ＡＥＳ测定Ｃｕ，Ｐｂ，Ｚｎ。检出限分别为１．４、８．１、０．７，ＲＳＤ％分别为３．７、７．３、１．８，已用于测定青岛市区的大气颗粒物样品。     

不同植物凋落物对土壤有机碳淋失的影响及岩溶效应

以低含量有机碳的岩溶土壤（ＳＯＣ, ０．８９％）为媒介,每１５０ｇ上添加松针、梧桐叶粉各 ７．５ｇ,１５ｇ,４个试验土柱号分别为ＳＣＣ３,ＳＣＣ５;ＳＢＣ３,ＳＢＣ５,接种岩溶土壤微生物群落后,于 恒温室内进行培养淋溶实验。结果表明,土壤淋溶液的电导值受土壤有机质含量多少及性质 的影响。土壤水溶性有机碳（ＤＯＣ）淋失总量ＳＣＣ３为５４０．７ｍｇ,ＳＣＣ５为１５２２．９ｍｇ;ＳＢＣ３为 ３８３．２ｍｇ,ＳＢＣ５为５６３．５ｍｇ。同时,土壤环境中Ｃａ^２＋的释放总量ＳＣＣ３为１４５．７ｍｇ,ＳＣＣ５为 ２８８．７ｍｇ; ＳＢＣ３为１７０．０ｍｇ,ＳＢＣ５为１６７．９ｍｇ。两者呈正相关,相关系数ｒ^２＝０．８５。下伏碳酸 盐岩的溶蚀量排序为ＳＣＣ５＞ＳＢＣ３＞ＳＣＣ３＞ＳＢＣ５,表明两种不同植物凋落物经微生物分 解,产生不同质和量的ＤＯＣ,并导致土壤环境中 Ｃａ^２＋释放的差异和不同的岩溶效应。从而初步揭示不同有机碳分解导致ＤＯＣ淋失的差异性,以及ＤＯＣ对岩溶动力系统的驱动。这与Ａ．Ｈｅｙｅｓ和Ｔ．Ｒ．Ｍｏｏｒｅ的研究结果一致。     

含铁闪锌矿热容的实验测定与分析

利用美国ＤｕＰｏｎｔ公司的９９００型差示扫描量热仪对３个含铁闪锌矿样品的热容进行了实验测定,并讨论了定压摩尔热容实验值与实验温度的关系。实验结果表明,在实验条件下,含铁闪锌矿的定压摩尔热容与纯闪锌矿的定压摩尔热容存在显著差异,Ｆｅ置换Ｚｎ是造成这种差异的主要原因。     

有机螯合沉淀剂富集－感耦等离子体质谱法测定地球化学样品中痕量元素

报道了用吡咯烷二硫代氨基甲酸铵（ＡＰＤＣ）有机螯合沉淀剂沉淀富集后，等离子体质谱法测定地球化学样品中２６个痕量元素的方法。研究了ＡＰＤＣ定量沉淀待测金属离子的条件，分别在ｐＨ２和ｐＨ７时使２６个元素富集，回收率在９４％～１０５％；样品测定下限为０．０１～０．４μｇ／ｇ；方法的ＲＳＤ（ｎ＝１０）为３％～１３％。经几种地球化学标准物质验证，结果与推荐值相符。     

有机螯合沉淀剂富集—感耦等离子体质谱法测定地球化学样品中痕量元素

报道了用吡咯烷二硫化氨基甲酸铵（ＡＰＤＣ）有机螯合沉淀剂沉淀富集后，等离子体质谱法测定化学样品中２６个痕量元素的方法，研究了ＡＰＤＣ定量沉淀待测金属离子的条件，分别在ＰＨ２和ＰＨ７时使２６个元素富集，回收率在９４％～１０５％。样品测定了下限为０．０１～０．４μｇ／ｇ；方法的ＲＳＤ（ｎ＝１０）为３％～１３％。经几种地球化学标准物质验证，结果与推荐值相符。     

微型核反应堆中子活化分析测定地质样品中的卤素元素

研究了微堆中子活化分析测定地质样品中卤素元素的测量条件和测量中的影响因素，对超热中子活化分析测定Ｉ和Ｂｒ进行了实验研究，Ｆ，Ｃｌ，Ｂｒ，Ｉ的检出限分别为１０＾－３、７４×１０＾－６，１．７×１０＾－６，７．８×１０＾－６。ＲＳＤ〈１５％。     

激光采样电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法在地质样品测定中的应用

使用ＣＯ２激光器与ＩＣＰ－ＡＥＳ联接，实现了地质样品的固体采样分析，加入一定量的聚三氟氯乙烯，可基本消除样品组成及元素赋存状态的影响，改善了分析结果的准确度。测定了地质样品中的Ｂａ，Ｃｅ，Ｃｕ，Ｃｒ，Ｌａ，Ｍｎ，Ｎｂ，Ｓｃ，Ｓｒ，Ｔｉ，Ｙ，Ｙｂ和Ｚｒ等１４种元素，检出限０．１×１０＾－６至１０×１０＾－６，ＲＳＤ一般在３％－７％，最大为１０％，。     

香港气溶胶烃类物质组成,分布及来源初探

总悬浮颗粒和１０μｍ以下人体可吸入颗粒物，即ＲＳＰ样品采自香港市区和郊区，样品采用超声抽提和硅胶层析柱分离，使用气相色谱，气相色谱－质谱（ＧＣ，ＧＣ－ＭＳＤ）分析饱和烃和芳烃馏分。研究表明，ＴＳＰ样品中含有化石燃料燃烧和生物来源的脂肪烃，包括正构烷烃，甾烷和藿烷类等有机物。芳香烃主要由２－７环的多环芳烃组成，其中１０种属美国优先控制污染物，ＲＳＰ样品中主要含生物来源的正构烷烃，含少量代表化石燃烧产     

甲基异丁基甲酮萃取－石墨炉平台原子吸收法测定地质样品中痕量硒和碲

样品经ＨＮＯ＿３－ＨＦ－ＨＣｌＯ＿４分解，在５．４ｍｏｌ／Ｌ的ＨＣｌ介质中，以抗坏血酸为还原剂用甲基异丁基甲酮同时萃取样品中的Ｓｅ、Ｔｅ。以Ｐｄ和Ｎｉ作混合基体改进剂，使用自制的涂锆石墨平台直接测定有机相中的Ｓｅ、Ｔｅ。方法的检出限分别为０．２１×１０￣（－９）ｇＳｅ，０．１３×１０￣（－９）ｇＴｅ；测定０．０６ｇＳｅ、０．０３ｇＴｅ的ＲＳＤ（ｎ＝１１）分别为７．０％和８．９％。     

X射线能谱法测定土壤中7种主次量元素

采用粉末样品压片制样,土壤标准物质以及人工合成标样为标准,用Ｘ 射线荧光能谱仪对土壤试样中的Ｓｉ、Ｋ、Ｃａ 、Ｔｉ、Ｍｎ 、Ｆｅ 和Ｓｒ ７ 种主、次量元素进行测定。讨论了基体效应及校正等问题。方法经土壤标样分析验证,其结果与标准值符合较好,方法的精密度（ ＲＳＤ,ｎ ＝ ５） ＜ ３ ％ 。     

从榴辉岩与围岩的关系论苏鲁榴辉岩的形成与折返

位于华北和扬子两板块碰撞带中的苏鲁榴辉岩形成的温压条件不但是超高压，而且是高温。榴辉岩的PTt轨迹表明其为陆-陆磁撞俯冲带的产物。榴辉岩的区域性围岩花岗质片麻岩为新元古代同碰撞期花岗岩，榴辉岩及其他直接围岩皆呈包体存在于其中，并见新元古代花岗岩呈脉状侵入榴辉岩包体中。区域性围岩新元古代花岗岩的锆石中发现有柯石英、绿辉石等包裹体，表明新元古代花岗岩的组成物质也经受过超高压变质作用，且榴辉岩与围岩新元古代花岗岩的锆石U-Pb体系同位素年龄基本相同。但新元古代花岗岩所记录的变质作用和变形作用期次（或阶段）却少于榴辉岩。椐上述可得如下推断：超高压榴辉岩与新元古代花岗岩岩浆是同时在碰撞带底部（俯冲板块前部）形成的；榴辉岩的第一折返阶段是由新元古代花岗岩岩浆携带上升的，其第二折返阶段是和新元古代花岗岩一起由逆冲及区域性隆起而上升，遭受剥蚀。     

某高速公路下伏煤矿采空区稳定性分析

在论述某高速公路下伏砦脖煤矿采空区地质、采矿和工程地质特征的基础上, 进行了稳定性数值模拟分析, 定性与定量地分析与评价了该煤矿采空区的地表变形特征及稳定性。研究结果表明: 该煤矿采空区的变形尚未完成, 对拟建的高速公路将产生很大的危害, 必须采取相应的工程治理措施。      

摩擦桩基桩土间极限摩阻力取值问题探讨

通过对广珠东线高速公路横沥大桥的试桩及土体的工程地质条件分析,总结出影响摩擦桩基桩土间极限摩阻力取值的一般问题以及解决问题的方法和措施。     

The Importance of the Precipitation and the Susceptibility of the Slopes for the Triggering of Landslides Along the Roads

In order to characterise the influence of the heavyrains on the observed landslides during the 1996–1997hydrological cycle, rainfall records for the last 100years are analysed from 104 stations in easternAndalusia. Regarding the amounts of rain recordedbetween October 1996 and March 1997 in the 104stations studied, 31 presented new all-time records;15 presented values that were 80–100% of thepre-1995 record; 49 stations, 80–50%; and 9stations, < 50%. A map has been devised of thesusceptibility of the materials through which thesouth-eastern Andalusian road network crosses,together with an inventory of the damage caused byinstability phenomena on banks and cuttings of theroad network during the winter of 1996–1997. Therelationships between the rainfall during the studyperiod, the damage caused to the road network and thesusceptibility of the materials affected are analysed.The results indicate that there is a clearcorrespondence between the rainfall recorded and thesusceptibility of the materials with the inventorieddamage. It is concluded that the widespread seriousdamage caused in early 1997 to the roads andsurrounding areas in the Alpujarra region and thecoast of the Province of Granada was mainly caused bythe extraordinarily heavy rains. However, considerablyless damage was observed where the susceptibility ofthe terrain is low, thus highlighting the extremeusefulness of terrain-susceptibility maps for riskprevention and territorial planning.     

混凝剂处理钻井废泥浆液的研究

通过烧杯搅拌实验对混凝剂处理钻井废泥浆液进行研究,从混凝剂适应p H值范围、混凝效果、沉降速度三方面研究比较,找出一种较为理想的混凝剂,并分析了影响混凝剂性能的主要因素,确定了混凝剂的最佳投放剂量。      

黄河源区水环境变化及黄河出现冬季断流的原因

自1954年有水文观测资料以来，黄河曾在青海省玛多县黄河沿水文站发生过3次断流。本文在分析黄河源区水环境特征及其影响因素的基础上指出，鄂陵湖、扎陵湖的环湖融区调节能力低，当遇到连续干旱、冬季其调节水量不足以维系黄河径流时便会发生断流，这是断流的主因。湖水位降低、开采沙金、过度放牧等自然和人为因素也会对黄河发生断流产生影响。鄂陵湖口附近黄河上修建的水电站开始蓄水，提高了两湖及环湖融区的调节能力，今后黄河冬季出现断流的可能性将大为降低。     

Unity of the national and the international in the socio-cultural development of the peoples of the USSR

International unity is becoming ever stronger in this country owing to an increasing similarity in the development of the cultural environment. This comprises the provision of all the country's republics with a sufficient number of schools, theatres, and other institutions and cultural information media in accordance with the needs of the population. An important part is played by the rise in ‘the general educational level, as well as the level of professional qualifications and skills. Among all the Soviet nations and nationalities, this rise being more rapid among formerly backward peoples. Prominent among the factors of internationalization is the progressive development of the nationalities’ cultural resources, while professional culture is being increasingly brought within the reach of the masses.The implementation of the nationalities policy promotes the all-round development of all Soviet nations and nationalities, their drawing together, the upsurge of the individual capabilities of every Soviet citizen.     

Artemia in the Salt Lakes of Russia:the Productivity of Populations,the Reserves of the Cysts and the Fisheries

正Artemia cysts are an extremely important component of aquaculture diets.It is well established that the cultivation of fish and shellfish derive substantial health and growth advantages when Artemia are included in the diets of the     

天山南坡科其喀尔冰川表碛区小气候特征研究

利用天山南坡科其喀尔冰川3号观测站2009年全年的气象观测资料,分析研究了科其喀尔冰川表碛区的小气候特征. 结果表明：总辐射和净辐射夏秋季较高、冬春季较低;反射辐射和地表反照率反之. 与其他地区不同,该区主要受积雪物理性质和下垫面状况的影响,冬春季地表反照率日变化表现为由大到小的变化过程,夏秋季表现为倒U型. 温度年变化表现为夏秋季高、冬春季低,最高月均值出现在8月,为9.4℃,最低月均值出现在1月,为-9.6℃. 受山谷风和冰川风的影响,全年的风向以西北风和西北偏西风为主,风向的日变化以11：00为界发生转向. 受降水和冰川消融等的影响,比湿夏秋季月均值较大,冬春季月均值较小.     

The evolution of the magmatism in the external zones of the Betic Cordilleras during the mesozoic

Abstract

The Mesozoic igneous rocks from the External Zones of the Betic Cordilleras extend for some 300 km along the Subbetic Zone. They are poorly differentiated basic rocks which, altogether, correspond to a transitional series containing tholeiitic and sodium-alkaline terms. They crop out as small ophite stocks and dykes intruded into middle- and upper-Triassic rocks, or as submarine flows and sills interlayered with Jurassic materials.

Geological and radiometric evidence points to an upper-Triassic-Liassic age for the ophite-generating magmatism, while the fissure volcanism began locally in the early-Liassic and extended throughout the Dogger. It reached its climax in the Tithonian and ceased abruptly in the lowermost Cretaceous.

The magmas that generated the two groups of rocks originated within the mantle. During the ascent through a continental crust they were contaminated by deep-crust granitoid rocks and by the assimilation of pelites from the basement. The chemical composition and fractional-crystallization differentiation trends of the ophites belong to the tholeiitic series, while those of the middle-uppermost Jurassic magmas to the sodic-alkaline series. This magmatic evolution may be attributed to a geodynamic change from distensive in the Triassic to transtensive from the middle-Jurassic onwards.