北山石炭纪-二叠纪火山岩成因及构造背景

北山古生代火山岩尤其是石炭纪-二叠纪火山岩的形成环境及成因备受学者关注且长期以来存在争议。本文收集了近年来发表的关于北山石炭纪-二叠纪火山岩研究的地球化学数据,岩石地球化学特征显示北山石炭纪玄武岩主要为安山玄武岩,属拉斑系列,二叠纪火山岩主要为安山玄武岩和亚碱性玄武岩,落入拉斑系列及过渡区;石炭纪玄武岩和二叠纪玄武岩均具有LREE富集的球粒陨石标准化稀土元素配分模式,轻重稀土元素分馏程度均较低。在微量元素蛛网图上,石炭纪-二叠纪遭受地壳混染的玄武岩呈现出明显的Nb-Ta亏损和微弱的Ti亏损特征,而未遭受地壳混染作用的绝大多数石炭纪-二叠纪玄武岩主要呈现出与OIB相似的"隆起"状不相容元素标准化配分模式。岩石成因分析认为,石炭纪-二叠纪玄武质岩浆可能主要来源于地幔柱,部分石炭纪-二叠纪玄武岩在形成演化过程中遭受了明显的大陆地壳混染作用,导致其出现十分相似于岛弧或活动大陆边缘的地球化学特征。结合区域构造演化分析及构造环境判别,认为石炭纪-二叠纪玄武岩均形成于大陆板内环境。     

山东省齐河—禹城地区矽卡岩型铁矿成矿预测

山东省德州市齐河—禹城深覆盖区发育有明显的航磁异常和重力异常;近年来地勘单位对该区地球物理异常进行综合研究认为该区具有良好的矽卡岩型铁矿成矿地质条件。通过系统的异常查证工作,在研究区深部揭露了多处矽卡岩型铁矿床,从而找矿工作取得了重大突破,同时科研工作也取得了较大进展。本文旨在通过综合分析区内勘查研究成果进行成矿预测,以期指导区内今后矽卡岩型铁矿勘查工作。勘查工作表明研究区内铁矿体总体表现为“地层、侵入岩和构造”三者联合控矿的特征,即铁矿体赋存于奥陶纪(及石炭纪—二叠纪)地层中、燕山晚期闪长岩体中、奥陶纪(及石炭纪—二叠纪)地层和侵入岩体接触带处附近;通过分析该区赋矿地层、成矿地质体及控矿构造等主要控矿因素,并在对比区内重磁异常和铁矿体相关性的基础上,建立了研究区矽卡岩型铁矿综合找矿预测模型。在对该区地质矿产特征、重力场特征、磁场特征等方面综合分析的基础上进行了成矿预测工作,圈定了李屯、潘店、大张3个Ⅰ级铁矿找矿靶区和薛官屯Ⅲ级铁矿找矿靶区。同时,进一步圈定了李楼西、石庄、郭店村、丁寺东南、大张村、朱庄南共6个最小预测区,本次成矿预测研究工作为今后区内矽卡岩型铁矿找矿工作指明了方向。     

大比例尺重力调查与成矿预测：以江西朱溪钨矿外围为例

江西塔前-赋春成矿带近年发现了世界上最大的钨矿—朱溪钨铜矿。该矿床发育在富含钨铜元素的新元古代泥砂质岩基底之上,产在燕山期花岗岩与石炭纪-二叠纪灰岩接触带,阐明其覆盖区花岗岩与石炭纪-二叠纪灰岩的三维空间分布结构,是寻找该类矿床的关键问题。塔前-赋春成矿带控矿地层、花岗岩仅有微弱磁性,但是密度差异明显,这为本区开展重力工作提供了良好的前提。本文利用最新的1:5万重力调查成果,结合航磁建立了本区构造格架,使用重磁三维反演建模技术建立本区三维地质模型,取得了以下成果：（1）对区内控矿地层进行立体识别划分,推断了塔前-朱溪、双田-大游山和临港-乐河镇石炭-二叠系条带深部延展形态,推断红梅岭-排前村和刘家滩-珍珠山深部存在两条隐伏石炭-二叠系条带;（2）发现本区岩体具有环形重力低夹局部重力高的异常特征,结合磁法区分岩浆岩岩性,圈定了本区隐伏岩体;（3）根据朱溪钨铜多金属矿物化探异常特征,圈定了两类深部成矿有利靶区：一类位于地表出露石炭纪-二叠纪灰岩沿断裂延伸与隐伏岩体接触带;一类位于推断的隐伏石炭纪-二叠纪灰岩与隐伏岩体接触带。（4）塔前-赋春成矿带重力工作较少,通过分析本次重力调查成果,发现在地形复杂、具有明显密度差异的推覆构造发育地区开展1:5万重力调查可取得较好的勘查成果。重力调查工作成本低,工作周期短,在圈定的成矿有利靶区内开展大比例尺综合物化探异常查证和矿产调查工作,能有效提高矿产勘查效率;在地形、构造复杂地区推广应用1：5万重力调查并建立三维地质模型对开展深部找矿预测具有重要意义。     

利用航空物探资料圈定隐伏岩(磁性)体——以巴彦淖尔—包头地区为例

根据新完成的内蒙古巴彦淖尔-包头1∶5万航磁、航放资料,对比已知中基性侵入岩和出露的白云鄂博群磁性层的航磁异常特征,以及出露的二叠纪花岗岩航放特征,结合地质、物性和化探等资料,在中新生代覆盖区共圈定隐伏岩体或隐伏磁性体53片。其中利用航磁资料推断隐伏岩体45片,推断隐伏磁性层位6片,推断隐伏火山岩区1片;利用航放资料推断隐伏岩体1片。丰富了区域地质信息,为在覆盖区寻找隐伏矿、盲矿提供参考。     

江苏南部区域航磁异常特征及其地质意义

以江苏南部1∶50万航磁资料为基础,通过对区内岩矿石磁性特征的归纳与分析,对区内航磁异常形成的地质因素作了讨论,并对区内航磁异常进行了分类、分区及地质解释。通过进一步对区内航磁资料的数据处理,对区内深变质磁性基底面的埋深、形态特征及其地质意义作了讨论,对区内构造岩基带平面分布及垂向分布特征,特别是对长江断裂带也一并作了推断解释。     

青海巴颜喀拉地区高精度航磁异常查证及金矿找矿效果

中国冶金地质总局地球物理勘查院在青海巴颜喀拉地区开展了1∶5万高精度航磁测量,项目组通过总结测区内的岩(矿)石磁性规律,分析磁场特征及研究区域成矿模型,精选了部分航磁异常来开展地面查证,取得了较好的金矿找矿效果。本文研究了在青海巴颜喀拉地区、利用高精度航磁测量成果快速高效找寻金矿及有色金属矿的技术方法,总结出不同区域的磁场背景与岩(矿)石磁性特征,其构造破碎蚀变带引起的磁异常并不相同,可能是负磁异常,也可能是正磁异常,并认为研究一个地区的磁异常特征,首先要研究区内的岩(矿)石磁性参数特征。     

黄山—镜儿泉地区地质矿产略图

为了进一步确定黄山—镜儿泉镍铜成矿带的找矿勘查方向,对该地区航空磁测资料、岩屑或水系沉积物中的Ni元素进行了分析。结果显示:研究区西北部吐哈盆地具有航磁低背景、弱异常且异常分散,化探高背景、弱异常且异常分散的特点;研究区中部康古尔大断裂带具有航磁高背景、强异常且异常呈带状分布,化探呈低背景、强异常且异常呈带状分布的特点;研究区东南部具有航磁低背景、强异常、异常呈带状分布,化探呈低背景、强异常、异常呈带状分布的特点。这可能是由于石炭世晚期—二叠纪早期的地幔柱事件,在研究区中部和东南部沿深大断裂或者在上地壳发生内侵,形成巨大的镁铁-超镁铁质侵入体;或者直接喷溢到地表,形成大规模的溢流玄武岩分布;或者可能2种情况同时发生。到新生代,二叠纪的溢流玄武岩被剥蚀运移到西北部地形较低的吐哈盆地,而只残留其根部,中部和东南部呈带状分布的航磁异常和Ni异常是可能的找矿有利地段。     

新疆梧南地区航磁异常特征分析及找矿标志研究

梧南航磁异常区位于新疆维吾尔自治区鄯善县,该异常区于1978年发现两条近于平行的正磁异常带沿北西西向展布,航磁异常特征非常明显。笔者通过对梧南地区地质构造特征、成矿环境、岩(矿)石物性及航磁特征等进行综合分析、研究,探讨了梧南地区航磁异常引起的原因,进而推断两条沿北西西向展布的航磁异常带上,叠加的几处局部升高强磁异常可能与隐伏的磁性体有关。鉴于此,笔者以异常带上的新C-1978-127航磁异常为例,对航磁异常进行定性分析,并利用2.5D拟合技术进行定量拟合计算,推断航磁局部强磁异常可能与隐伏的磁铁矿有关。依据区内地质-地球物理特征、航磁定性分析及定量计算结果,建立了该区地质-地球物理找矿标识,并进行了找矿远景分析,认为区内新C-1978-127、127-1、127-2、127-3、127-4等5处局部强磁异常找矿潜力较大,应予以重视。     

黑龙江大兴安岭地区航磁异常特征及找矿效果

利用大兴安岭地区1∶5万高精度航磁资料,结合区域地质背景分析了该区航磁异常特征,依据地物化资料、已知矿(床)点的分布及成矿规律筛选出了一批航磁异常。在最新的高精度航磁图上,已知铁矿异常特征明显,经对比研究及综合查证发现了1处磁铁矿点及多处有色金属、贵金属矿点,在此基础上总结了查证经验,指明了今后采用航磁数据在区内的找矿方向。     

黄山—镜儿泉镍铜成矿带地球物理、地球化学特征及找矿意义

为了进一步确定黄山—镜儿泉镍铜成矿带的找矿勘查方向,对该地区航空磁测资料、岩屑或水系沉积物中的Ni元素进行了分析.结果显示:研究区西北部吐哈盆地具有航磁低背景、弱异常且异常分散,化探高背景、弱异常且异常分散的特点;研究区中部康古尔大断裂带具有航磁高背景、强异常且异常呈带状分布,化探呈低背景、强异常且异常呈带状分布的特点;研究区东南部具有航磁低背景、强异常、异常呈带状分布,化探呈低背景、强异常、异常呈带状分布的特点.这可能是由于石炭世晚期—二叠纪早期的地幔柱事件,在研究区中部和东南部沿深大断裂或者在上地壳发生内侵,形成巨大的镁铁-超镁铁质侵入体;或者直接喷溢到地表,形成大规模的溢流玄武岩分布;或者可能2种情况同时发生.到新生代,二叠纪的溢流玄武岩被剥蚀运移到西北部地形较低的吐哈盆地,而只残留其根部,中部和东南部呈带状分布的航磁异常和Ni异常是可能的找矿有利地段.     

Geological interpretation of Bouguer gravity and aeromagnetic data from the Gobi-desert covered area,Eastern Tianshan,China: Implications for porphyry Cu-Mo polymetallic deposits exploration

In this study, Bouguer gravity and aeromagnetic data have been used to better understand the geology and mineral resources near the late Carboniferous-late Permian porphyry Cu-Mo polymetallic mineralization in the Chinese Eastern Tianshan belt, which is extensively covered by Gobi-desert. The reduced-to-pole (RTP) transformation of regional-scale aeromagnetic data shows that the porphyry Cu-Mo deposit is within a cluster of magnetic anomaly highs that overprint on a northeast trending magnetic gradient belt generally along the crustal-scale Kanguertag-Huangshan fault. The 10 km upward continuation transformation of both Bouguer gravity and aeromagnetic data indicates that the known porphyry Cu-Mo polymetallic deposits are located on the flanks of prominent gravity and magnetic anomaly highs. These anomalies are spatially correlated with the late Carboniferous-late Permian igneous rocks and in the Tuwu-Yandong mineralization district are centered over the granodiorite rocks genetically related to porphyry copper systems. In order to minimize interpretational ambiguities, a useful approach that is correlation analysis (CA) based on correlation coefficient (CC) given by gravity and magnetic data was employed to separate positively and negatively correlated anomalies features. The CA procedure is applied to 10 km upward continuation transformation of both Bouguer gravity and RTP transformed aeromagnetic data for mapping correlative magnetization and density contrast anomalies from deep sources, which may be associated with the porphyry Cu-Mo polymetallic mineralization. Five prominent CC positive anomalies have been found in the southern margin of Dananhu-Tousuquan arc. Those anomalies zones could be interpreted to reflect a late Carboniferous-late Permian magmatic belt that is favorable for additional discoveries of late Carboniferous to late Permian porphyry copper systems in north region of Eastern Tianshan.     

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1674987114000292

Aeromagnetic anomaly zonation of the Ordos Basin and adjacent areas was obtained by processing highprecision and large-scale aeromagnetic anomalies with an approach of reduction to the pole upward continuation.Comparative study on aeromagnetic and seismic tomography suggests that aeromagnetic anomalies in this area are influenced by both the magnetic property of the rock and the burial depth of the Precambrian crystalline basement.Basement depth might be the fundamental control factor for aeromagnetic anomalies because the positive and negative anomalies on the reduction to the poleupward-continuation anomaly maps roughly coincide with the uplifts and depressions of the crystalline basement in the basin.The results,together with the latest understanding of basement faults,SHRIMP U-Pb zircon dating of metamorphic rock and granite,drilling data,detrital zircon ages,and gravity data interpretation,suggest that the Ordos block is not an entirety of Archean.     

内蒙古西部苦楚乌拉—英巴地区花岗岩锆石U-Pb定年及地球化学特征

锆石U?Pb定年结果表明,内蒙古西部苦楚乌拉—英巴地区花岗岩包括晚泥盆世二长花岗岩((371±2)Ma)、中二叠世钾长花岗岩((271±1)～(270±1)Ma)和早白垩世二长花岗岩((133±1)Ma).结合前人资料,将研究区晚古生代以来的酸性岩浆活动分为4期:晚泥盆世(～371 Ma)、晚石炭世(313～311 M...     

Application of the non-seismic geophysical method in the deep geological structure study of Benxi-Huanren area

Based upon 1:200,000 regional gravity and aeromagnetic data, gravity and aeromagnetic slice maps were obtained through fast Fourier transformation (FFT) upward continuation. A comparison between gravity and aeromagnetic slice maps at different depths combined with regional geological data and Magneto-Telluric sounding reveals the deep geological structure of Benxi-Huanren area and provides important information for study of the deep geological evolution process of Benxi-Huanren area. Yanshanian granitic pluton is widely distributed in this area and tends to be continuous toward depth. Significant metallogenic areas, such as Dataigou and Nanfen areas, lie above the buried granitic pluton. The Paleoproterozoic strata distribution area and the Archean strata distribution area have similar characteristics in terms of gravity anomaly. The iron-bearing formation in Anshan area is Archean supracrustal rock which was not engulfed by Archean granite. The thickness of Liaoji paleo-rift can be up to 10 km, whose lower part was intruded by Yanshanian granites. The basement of the Liaoji rift was remelted during granite intrusion in Yanshanian period.     

贺兰山深部构造及其对浅部构造的响应过程

根椐实测贺兰山地区二叠系、三叠系和侏罗系含煤地层热解数据及石英脉中包裹体测温发现贺兰山地区热演化程度整体水平较高,相对邻区而言,明显具有异常地热场的特征。在分析航磁ΔT化极图、重力上延5km、10km等值线图后认为该区并不存在磁力高,前人设想贺兰山下2~5km处发育中酸性巨型岩基造成该区地热异常的说法缺乏足够证据。并且在贺兰山地区重力上延3km、5km等值线图上存在明显的重力高,剩余重力异常、莫霍面深度和地温梯度图也显示贺兰山地区为一热异常的幔隆区,它明显有别于其他造山带区。因此,贺兰山地区的高热演化特征应是莫霍面的上隆引起的地温梯度升高所致。最后结合研究区玄武岩地质地球化学特征认为贺兰山及周邻地区莫霍面上隆是造成早中侏罗世以来的热事件的原因。     

东准噶尔卡拉麦里蛇绿岩带南侧侵入体的岩石学、地球化学及年代学特征

东准噶尔卡拉麦里蛇绿岩带南侧分布有大量的石炭纪侵入体,主要出露于五彩城、滴水泉一带及野马站地区。通过对卡拉麦里断裂以南侵入体岩石类型、锆石年代学、地球化学的综合分析,划分出早石炭世后碰撞I型花岗岩类及晚石炭世陆内双峰式侵入岩(碱长花岗岩+角闪辉长岩)。结合断裂以北黄羊山、老鸦泉岩体新近发表的数据及区域内火山岩的研究成果,对卡拉麦里地区石炭纪—二叠纪构造-岩浆演化过程给出了新认识,即卡拉麦里地区从后碰撞到陆内伸展的构造转换时间为早石炭世末期—晚石炭世早期,后碰撞阶段岩浆岩以钙碱性I型花岗岩、玄武安山岩、安山岩为特点,陆内伸展阶段以典型的双峰式岩浆岩(辉长岩+花岗岩、玄武岩+流纹岩)及A型花岗岩为特点,卡拉麦里地区具有正εNd值的花岗岩类来源于亏损地幔形成的年轻地壳的部分熔融。     

Mineralogy and geochemistry of clay fractions from different saprolites,Egypt: implications for the source of sedimentary kaolin deposits

The clay fractions of saprolites from granites, basalt, and schists in Egypt were subjected to mineralogical and geochemical investigations to examine the effect of source rock on the composition of the saprolites and the possibilities of these saprolites as a source of the nearby sedimentary kaolin deposits. The clay fractions of the studied saprolites show mineralogical and geochemical variations. Saprolites from the granites consist of kaolinite, while saprolites from the basalts are composed entirely of smectite. Schists-derived saprolites are composed of kaolinite in some cases and of a mixture of kaolinite, illite, and chlorite in the other. Saprolite from the basalt is characterized by relatively higher contents of TiO₂ and Ni compared to the saprolites from granites. Saprolites from granites have higher contents of Ba, Li, Pb, Sr, Th, Y, and Zr compared to those of the saprolites from the basalts and schists. Saprolites from different schists show variations in the distributions of many constituents, such as TiO₂, Cr, Ni, Ba, Y, and Zr. Although chondrite-normalized rare earth elements (REE) patterns are characterized by relative enrichments in the light rare earth elements (LREE) compared to the heavy rare earth elements (HREE) in all saprolites, granitic saprolites show negative Eu anomalies, while saprolite from basalt has no Eu anomaly. REE patterns of the saprolites from schists exhibit slight positive Ce anomalies and slight to moderate negative Eu anomalies. Weathering of saprolites from the basalt and metasediments is classified as the bisiallitization type, while weathering of saprolite from the granite is allitization type. Saprolites from schists vary from the bisiallitization (Aswan and Abu Natash) and allitization (Khaboba) types. Saprolites from the Khaboba schist can be considered the possible source of the Carboniferous kaolin deposits in the Hasber and Khaboba areas of Sinai, based on the similarity in the mineralogy and geochemistry of major, trace, and REE between the saprolites and the deposits. On the other hand, Carboniferous sedimentary kaolin deposits in the Abu Natash area, as well as the Cretaceous kaolin deposits in all areas of Sinai, might have been derived from the nearby schist saprolites, based on the similarity in the mineralogy and geochemistry between the saprolites and the kaolin deposits. Granites from the Arabian-Nubian Shield (ANS) and East Sahara Craton (ESC) are the possible sources of the pisolitic and plastic kaolin deposits in the Kalabsha area (Aswan), as indicated by the similarity in the mineralogy and geochemistry of the granitic saprolites and the kaolin deposits.     

Early Permian A‐type Granites in the Zhangdaqi Area,Inner Mongolia,China and Their Tectonic Implications

There is a controversy regarding the amalgamation of Xing'an and Songnen Blocks along the Hegenshan-Heihe Suture(HHS) in the eastern Central Asian Orogenic Belt(CAOB). To solve this problem, we performed detailed study on the granites from the Zhangdaqi area, adjacent to the north of the HHS in the northern part of the Great Xing'an Range, NE China. Geochemically, the granites in the study area are metaluminous-weak peraluminous and high-K calc-alkaline series. Trace elements of the granites show that LREEs are relatively enriched, while HREEs are relatively deficient and obvious REE fractionation. The granites are characterized by obvious negative Eu anomalies, meanwhile, they are relatively enriched in Rb, K, Th and depleted in Ba, Nb, Sr, P, Ti. All the geochemical features suggest that the granites in the Zhangdaqi area are aluminum A-type granites. The zircon LA-ICP-MS U-Pb ages of these granites are 294–298 Ma, indicating that they formed in the Early Permian. These granites also have positive ε_(Hf)(t) values(8.4–14.2) and a relatively young two-stage model age between 449 Ma and 977 Ma, implying that the magma was derived from the re-melting of the Early Paleozoic-Neoproterozoic juvenile crust. Combined with geochemical characteristics(Nb/Ta ratios of 9.0–22.2, and Zr/Hf ratios of 52.3–152.0), we believe that the magmatic source area is a mixture of partial melting of the lower crust and depleted mantle. A-type granites and bimodal volcanic rocks along the Hegenshan-Heihe Suture formed during the Late Carboniferous-Early Permian, indicating that the HHS between Xing'an and Songnen Blocks closed in the late EarlyCarboniferous. Subsequently, the Zhangdaqi area was in a post-orogenic extensional environment from Late Carboniferous to Early Permian and resulted in the formation of the A-type granites.