西部侏罗系矿区充水含水层水文地球化学特征及矿井水来源综合识别

本文以水文地球化学理论为指导,基于研究区水文地质条件及矿山水害研究基础,构建了不同充水含水层水化学和氢、氧同位素基础特征值,结合不同煤层埋深煤矿含隔水层组合特征和导水裂隙带发育高度,综合识别了浅埋、中深埋和深埋多个煤矿的矿井水来源。研究结果显示,受水岩作用和水动力条件等因素影响,煤层上覆不同充水含水层地下水水化学类型和氢、氧同位素值差异明显;随着煤层埋深的增大,矿井水的矿化度呈显著增加趋势,氢、氧同位素整体呈减小趋势;在此基础上,综合采用水化学和环境同位素的方法对研究区不同煤层埋深煤矿的矿井涌水进行识别,认为浅埋煤矿矿井水为第四系松散含水层地下水和侏罗系砂岩含水层地下水的混合水,深埋和中深埋煤矿矿井水主要为侏罗系砂岩含水层地下水。     

复杂水文地质条件下含水层识别在非稳定流抽水试验中的应用:以司家营铁矿南区为例

司家营铁矿南区水文地质条件复杂,控水构造发育,含水层类型具有明显的分区特性,表现出了含水层类型的多样性。为获得司家营南区合适的水文地质参数,提出一种新思路,同时考虑含水层类型和求参方法,利用含水层识别获得含水层类型、补给条件、隔水边界、井筒储集等含水层性质,再结合相应的数学模型求参。研究表明,含水层识别在指导水文地质求参方面表现出了它的优越性,提高了求参精度,是一种指导正确求取水文地质参数的手段。     

榆神矿区南部中小煤矿突水危险性研究

论述了榆神矿区部分中小煤矿突水实例,分析了矿井突水的地质、水文地质条件,认为,榆神矿区萨拉乌苏组含水层厚度大,富水性强,煤层埋藏浅,煤层开采后产生的冒落带、裂隙带发育到萨拉乌苏组含水层底部,从而引起突水灾害。本文提出了矿井突水预测的思路和方法,认为应该加强矿井水文地质条件研究,开展水文地质补充勘探,查明水文地质条件,做好防治水工作,减少矿井涌水量,保护萨拉乌苏组含水层结构完整性。     

临涣矿区底含水化学特征及其形成作用探讨

阐述了临涣矿区开采前、后新生界底部含水层的水化学特征及其形成作用;提出了底含水化学成因模式。对矿井底含突水水源的准确判断及井筒破裂原因分析具有积极意义。      

双柳煤矿矿区地下水化学特征分析

地下水的化学特征是围岩矿物和水流之间内在关系所形成的结果,决定于地下水运动时接触的围岩成分,水文地质条件和氧化还原环境等。地下水的水化学成份及不同离子含量的多少,与其赋存条件有着十分密切的关系。通过对矿区主要含水层水样常规水质分析,研究矿区地下水的水化学成份及其背景含量特征,研究和分析矿区不同地下水含水层水化学特征,从而揭示矿区水文地质条件。     

巨厚新生界矿区井筒破坏的地质因素及对策

在两淮、徐州、大屯等矿区先后发生了多起井筒破裂事故,严重影响了矿井的安全和正常生产。该文在分析已产生井筒破坏矿区其水文地质工程地质条件及井筒破坏特点的基础上,论述了井筒破坏的地质因素及力源,提出了选择较好的井筒位置、减少井筒处新生界水位降低值、防止井筒外跑漏水、局部加固底部含水层,开展井筒监测及井筒垂直压力预测等防治对策。     

地下水化学动力学基本理论在矿井水文地质中的应用

根据西峪煤矿水化学及相关水文地质资料,运用地下水化学动力学的基本理论和方法,对西峪煤矿奥陶系峰峰组岩溶含水层水文地质条件进行了定量评价,从而划分出了含水层的强、弱径流带,为煤矿的安全生产提供了依据。     

岩溶水水化学特征在水文地质条件分析中的应用——以娘子关泉群岩溶水系统寿阳区为例

娘子关泉群岩溶水系统寿阳区从补给区到迳流区、排泄区水化学特征变化具有明显的规律性,岩溶水自北向南随着中奥陶统灰岩含水层埋深由浅变深,富水程度由强变弱,径流条件由积极趋滞缓,矿化度、总硬度和SO42-由低变高。为水文地质条件的分析与建立水源地和矿山防治水提供了地质依据。     

巴彦高勒煤矿多相变沉积条件下煤层顶板含水层富水性特征

在区域水文地质条件研究基础上,结合水文地质补充勘探及以往勘探成果进一步研究矿区、矿井及首采区地质条件,着重研究矿井直接充水含水层延安组和直罗组地层的沉积条件、沉积环境、孔隙度、渗透率、顶板水化学特征、覆岩结构特征,评价巴彦高勒矿井多相变沉积条件下顶板含水层富水性特征。结果表明:含水层砂体呈条带状分布,富水性受沉积环境影响分布不均,水量以静储量为主,动态补给有限。研究成果为巴彦高勒矿区顶板水疏放、导水裂缝带发育特征研究等提供依据。     

苍峄铁矿带苍山县沟西西官庄矿区沟西矿段（凤凰山铁矿）主井井筒检查孔水文地质特征分析

苍峄铁矿带苍山县沟西西官庄矿区沟西矿段,又称凤凰山铁矿,为隐伏的鞍山式低品位铁矿,矿区水文地质条件属于中等型。对施工的主井、副井、进风井、东风井和西风井井筒检查孔进行了水文地质编录和分层抽水试验,以主井井筒检查孔为例,划分了4层含水段,求得了各含水层的水文地质参数,对荒径涌水量进行了预测;基本查明了井筒检查孔的含水性等水文地质特征,确定了注浆段,为矿山立井防治水方案提供了设计依据。     

岩土体变形破坏机制及井筒破裂模式

以淮北临涣矿区为例,在详细调查分析了破裂井筒的矿井水文地质与工程地质条件及其它背景资料的基础上,根据矿区底含土体及煤系基岩风化带变形破坏的影响因素及形成过程,本文首次论论了岩土体变形破坏的四个发展阶段和井筒破裂的四种模式及其间的关系,并揭示了井筒破裂的,从而为防治井筒破裂和评价井筒稳定性提供了依据。     

郭屯矿井井筒基岩富水性分析

根据山东郭屯矿建井前施工的井筒检查钻孔钻探取心、简易水文观测、地球物理测井（包括流量测井）及结合郭屯矿井精查地质报告资料,对井筒的含、隔水层进行了划分;通过抽水试验、流量测井方法求解了风氧化带含水层、风氧化带下含水层及其各含水层分层的水文地质参数,分别预算了主井、副井、风井井筒的涌水量,并分析了郭屯矿各井筒基岩涌水量大于邻近煤矿井筒基岩涌水量的主要影响因素。     

Hydrochemistry and isotope geochemistry as tools for groundwater hydrodynamic investigation in multilayer aquifers: a case study from Lomellina, Po plain, South-Western Lombardy, Italy

A multicriteria approach in studying hydrodynamics of a multilayer aquifer system has been used in the Lomellina region (Northern Italy). It involves the reconstruction of the hydrogeological framework coupled to the definition of the hydrochemical and isotopic features of the aquifers. A shallow phreatic aquifer, reaching depths of about 60–80 m from the surface, and deeper aquifers containing confined groundwater, were distinguished. Groundwater generally shows mineralisation decreasing with depth; dissolved ions depict calcium-bicarbonate hydrochemical facies and stable isotopes define the recharge mechanisms, the origin of groundwater, and the hydraulic confinement of deep aquifers. The phreatic aquifer is fed by local infiltration and by streams and irrigation channels. Tritium and Carbon-14 groundwater dating indicate long residence times (on the order of thousands of years) for confined aquifers. The confined aquifers show essentially passive hydrodynamic conditions and maintain a higher piezometric level than the phreatic aquifer. This inhibits the possibility of recent water penetrating far below the surface. The hydrogeological setting of the Lomellina region displays features which are common to other sectors of the Po plain. As a consequence, the results of this study, although conducted on a restricted area, are highly illustrative of groundwater hydrodynamics in large sedimentary aquifers.     

The geochemical and isotopic composition of aquifer systems in the deltaic region of the Po River plain (northern Italy)

The chemical and hydrodynamic characteristics of groundwater in deltaic regions are strongly influenced by the complex stratigraphy of these areas, caused by the continuously varying depositional environments associated with their recent hydrographic evolution. As a case study, the eastern sector of the Po River plain, northern Italy, has been investigated to understand the quality of the available groundwater resources. Based on the analysis of hydrochemical and isotopic data, the recharge characteristics, the groundwater residence time and the aquifer vulnerability are defined. The results show significant qualitative degradation of the unconfined aquifer due to the shallow depth to water, while in the underlying confined aquifer, a hydrochemical facies of Ca–HCO₃ type prevails. The spatial variation and relationship between oxygen-18 and deuterium determine: firstly, hydraulic separation of the two hydrogeological units; secondly, direct infiltration of local precipitation to the unconfined aquifer; thirdly, the occurrence of waters originating in the Alps and locally from the Apennines, pervading the confined aquifer. The tritium results suggest local mixing between the superficial waters and the confined aquifer, occurring along the palaeo-river channels. This increases the pollution vulnerability of the confined hydrogeological unit within the plain, which is the only natural groundwater resource exploited for water supply.     

深厚表土中煤矿立井非采动破裂的研究

本文介绍了近年来我国华东矿区深厚表土层中煤矿立井井壁非采动破裂的特点。分析了井壁破裂的工程地质条件，研究了井壁与土接触面上土─混凝土作用变形和强度参数，并将该接触面视为接触面单元，用弹塑性有限元法，模拟了深厚表土底部含水层失水时土与井壁的相互作用，得到了井壁附加应力随深度和含水层水头降的变化规律，分析了井壁稳定性，揭示了井壁破裂的内在机理。     

准噶尔盆地南缘硫磺沟地区水文地质特征及其对煤层气富集的影响

水文地质特征对煤层气的富集有很大的影响。从水化学类型和水动力条件方面分析了准噶尔盆地南缘硫磺沟地区水文地质特征,探讨了水文地质条件对该区低煤阶煤层气富集的控制作用。结果表明:研究区地表水水化学类型为HCO₃·SO₄-Ca·Na·Mg,地下水水化学类型主要为Cl·SO₄ -（K+Na）·Ca·Mg或者SO₄·Cl-（K+Na）·Ca·Mg。研究区地下水受地形和地质构造的控制,地下水流向大致为由南向北,汇聚到研究区北部的向斜核部。在地下水水化学类型和水动力条件对煤层气富集影响分析的基础上,认为研究区北部的向斜核部有利于煤层气富集。      

水质监测在识别水动力条件中的作用

水质监资料不仅可反映地下水水质的时、空变化特征，而且可提供有关地下水赋存环境、循环深度、流速、资源量组成等方面的重要信息。     

Hydrogeochemical Characteristics and Groundwater Inrush Source Identification for a Multi‐aquifer System in a Coal Mine

Correct identification of water inrush sources is particularly important to prevent and control mine water disasters. Hydrochemical analysis, Fisher discriminant analysis, and geothermal verification analysis were used to identify and verify the water sources of the multi‐aquifer groundwater system in Gubei coal mine, Anhui Province, North China. Results show that hydrochemical water types of the Cenozoic top aquifer included HCO₃–Na+K–Ca, HCO₃–Na+K–Mg and HCO₃–Na+K, and this aquifer was easily distinguishable from other aquifers because of its low concentration of Na⁺+K⁺ and Cl^–. The Cenozoic middle and bottom aquifers, the Permian fissure aquifer, and the Taiyuan and Ordovician limestone aquifers were mainly characterized by the Cl–Na+K and SO₄–Cl‐Na+K or HCO₃–Cl–Na+K water types, and their hydrogeochemistries were similar. Therefore, water sources could not be identified via hydrochemical analysis. Fisher model was established based on the hydrogeochemical characteristics, and its discrimination rate was 89.19%. Fisher discrimination results were improved by combining them with the geothermal analysis results, and this combination increased the identification rate to 97.3 % and reasonably explained the reasons behind two water samples misjudgments. The methods described herein are also applicable to other mines with similar geological and hydrogeological conditions in North China.