摩擦悬吊式TMD设计及其风振控制效果

为了减轻河南艺术中心标志塔的风致振动,设计了一种新型的摩擦悬吊式TMD.文章首先详细介绍了所设计摩擦悬吊式TMD的构造和等效分析模型.然后, 利用SAP2000中的LINK单元来模拟所设计的摩擦TMD, 对其风振控制效果进行了非线性分析.分析结果表明: 所设计的摩擦悬吊式TMD, 在设计风荷载作用下,可以按照控制效果最优的原则选出最优摩擦力,而所选出的最优摩擦力能保证在0.3至2.0倍设计风荷载范围内的风荷载作用下控制效果基本达到40%以上.     

单层工业厂房-TMD减震控制系统研究

提出了采用质量调谐减震控制技术对厂房结构进行减震控制的方法。利用屋盖系统作为附加质量,屋盖支座采用夹层橡胶隔震垫,建立了厂房-TMD系统模型,并用非线性时程分析法对其进行了多种地震动激励下的计算分析,探讨了厂房-TMD减震体系减震效果的参数影响及减震机理。结果表明,采用质量调谐减震技术对单层工业厂房进行减震是一种有效的方法。     

常摩擦TMD地震控制效果的理论和实验研究

在TMD中采用摩擦阻尼代替传统的粘滞阻尼,可有效降低TMD的造价,从而促进其推广应用。但摩擦元件是非线性的,给摩擦TMD分析和设计造成了一定的困难。为了研究常摩擦TMD地震控制的特点和规律,文中采用时程分析法进行了简谐激励和地震激励下摩擦TMD对单自由度结构响应控制的理论分析;在理论分析结果的指导下,进行了单自由度主结构和摩擦TMD系统在简谐激励和地震激励下的振动台试验。理论分析和试验结果表明:除了频率比和质量比的影响,摩擦TMD的控制效果和摩擦力大小、激励幅值有关,只要参数设置合适,其控制效果是令人满意的;在设计摩擦TMD时要针对激励大小、目标控制效率进行具体分析。     

基于非线性模型的TLD参数优化

高柔结构在强风或地震等环境荷载作用下，往往会产生较大的变形和位移。采用调谐液体阻尼器对结构进行控制时，需要选择合适的水箱尺寸和水深，以期获得最好的减振效果。以往的调谐液体阻尼器参数优化往往基于等效线性模型或在小幅值激励下有较好精度的非线性浅水波动模型。采用了一种具有非线性阻尼和非线性刚度的等效调谐质量阻尼器模型对影响调谐液体阻尼器减振效率的主要参数进行了优化，该模型不再受小幅值激励的限制。优化结果表明，激励幅值对TLD的最优参数和减振效果有明显影响，同时水箱长度对TLD减振效果也有明显影响，这是基于线性模型TLD优化不能得到的结论。     

滑动屋盖摩擦控制系统对地震频谱和结构刚度的鲁棒性

地震功率谱密度函数的频率范围和结构刚度变化对滑动屋盖摩擦控制系统减震效果的影响分析表明 :控制系统减震效果对地震功率谱的频域宽窄不敏感 ,而对功率谱所覆盖的结构自振频率敏感 ;结构刚度发生± 15 %的变化对减震效果的影响不大。分析还表明 ,滑动屋盖摩擦控制系统对于结构非线性地震反应有显著的减震作用     

大跨度空间网架结构屋盖隔震设计研究

针对大跨度空间网架屋盖隔震结构响应的问题,采用简化后的质点力学模型,对其进行理论研究,分析质量比、刚度比、阻尼比对屋盖隔震结构地震响应的影响,以基底剪力最小为原则确定隔震层的最优参数.建立相应的三维有限元模型,对其进行屋盖隔震设计,分别与非隔震和基础隔震结构的响应对比.结果 表明:屋盖隔震结构由于隔震层直接设置在屋盖支...     

不同形式的TMD系统对超高层结构振动控制分析对比

在TMD系统的质量、阻尼和总刚度均保持不变的情况下,拟定3种不同的TMD系统设置方案,并从地震荷载激励方面来研究调频质量阻尼器对超高层结构的振动控制。通过对3种方案的结构模型进行模态分析和动力时程反应分析,得出在地震荷载激励下控制前后的结构响应,并比较了3种方案下TMD的控制差异,选择出最优方案。此外从能量的角度出发,分析了TMD耗散地震能的能力,并确定出在减少地震输入能及增大阻尼耗能作为控制目标时的最优方案。     

土木工程结构的双层多重调谐质量阻尼器控制策略

为能得到用尽可能少的调谐质量阻尼器(TMD)组成有效性和鲁棒性高的多重调谐质量阻尼器控制系统，本文提出了一种适用于土木工程结构的新控制策略——双层多重调谐质量阻尼器(DMT—MD)。使用定义的优化目标函数，评价了双层多重调谐质量阻尼器(DMTMD)的控制性能。数值结果表明，双层多重调谐质量阻尼器(DMTMD)比多重凋谐质量阻尼器(MTMD)具有更好的有效性和对频率调谐的鲁棒性。DMTMD比双重调谐质量阻尼器(DTMD)具有更好的有效性，而DMTMD和DT—MD对频率调谐的鲁棒性近似相同。因此，双层多重调谐质量阻尼器是一种先进的结构控制策略。     

基于磁流变弹性体的调频TMD减振装置

调谐质量阻尼器(TMD)只有在TMD的固有频率与主结构自振频率一致时,才会取得良好的减振效果。而工程结构在长期使用过程中,由于刚度退化、活荷载经常变化等原因,主结构的自振频率会发生改变,大大降低了传统TMD的减振效果。为了克服上述不足,结合磁流变弹性体刚度可调的智能特性,本文提出了基于磁流变弹性体的调频TMD装置。采用HHT变换和自然激励法相结合的方法识别主结构的固有频率,之后根据识别的频率,改变磁流变弹性体的剪切模量,使得调频TMD的频率可以实时跟踪主结构的固有频率。最后对某环形步道的竖向振动响应进行了仿真分析,结果表明调频TMD克服了传统TMD的不足,可以在较宽的频率范围内取得良好的减振效果。     

TMD抑制桥梁振动仿真分析

分别建立简支梁和调谐质量阻尼器（TMD）的运动方程,并采用振型叠加法建立与其对应的广义坐标方程,同时结合现代控制理论,采用状态空间法建立与其对应的状态方程,运用SIMULINK仿真系统对简支梁桥进行了动力仿真分析。首先对未布置TMD的系统进行了仿真分析,并与Newmark—β法编程计算的结果对比,两种方法的计算结果十分接近,说明了SIMULINK方法的准确性;在此基础上,对布置TMD的桥梁进行了分析,通过分析TMD参数对减振效果的影响,进行了动力学解释,所得出的优化参数,可供工程控制参考。     

Ant colony optimization of tuned mass dampers for earthquake oscillations of high-rise structures including soil–structure interaction

This paper investigates the optimized parameters for tuned mass dampers (TMDs) to decrease the earthquake vibrations of tall buildings; involving soil–structure interaction (SSI) effects. The time domain analysis based on Newmark method is employed in this study. To illustrate the results, Tabas and Kobe earthquakes data are applied to the model, and ant colony optimization (ACO) method is utilized to obtain the best parameters for TMD. The TMD mass, damping coefficient and spring stiffness are assumed as design variables, and the objective is to reduce both the maximum displacement and acceleration of stories. It is shown that how the ACO can be effectively applied to design the optimum TMD device. It is also indicated that the soil type greatly affects the TMD optimized parameters and the time response of structures. This study helps the researchers to better understanding of earthquake vibrations, and leads the designers to achieve the optimized TMD for high-rise buildings.     

Slide roof system for dynamic response reduction

A slide roof system (SRS) is proposed to reduce the dynamic response of buildings to earthquake excitations. A SRS consists of a roof structure, springs and friction materials, providing mass, stiffness and damping, respectively. The method of optimization of stiffness and friction coefficient for the SRS is introduced. A numerical analysis of an eight‐story frame structure subjected to ground motions and shaking table tests of a five‐story frame was carried out to study the effectiveness of the SRS. The results show that the SRS can reduce the maximum dynamic response as much as 60–70% in the first resonate band and 35–50% in the second resonate band. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Performance of multiple tuned mass dampers for attenuating undesirable oscillations of structures under the ground acceleration

Multiple tuned mass dampers (MTMDs) consisting of many tuned mass dampers (TMDs) with a uniform distribution of natural frequencies are considered for attenuating undesirable vibration of a structure. The MTMD is manufactured by keeping the stiffness and damping constant and varying the mass. The structure is represented by its mode‐generalized system in the specific vibration mode being controlled using the mode reduced‐order method. The optimum parameters of the MTMD are investigated to delineate the influence of the important parameters on the effectiveness and robustness of the MTMD by conducting a numerical searching technique in two directions. The parameters include: the frequency spacing, average damping ratio, mass ratio and total number. The criterion selected for the optimization is the minimization of the maximum value of the dynamic magnification factor (DMF) of the structure with MTMD (i.e. Min.Max.DMF). In this paper, for the sake of comparison, the MTMD(II), which is made by keeping the mass constant and varying the stiffness and damping coefficient, and a single TMD are also taken into account. It is demonstrated that the optimum frequency spacing of the MTMD is the same as that of the MTMD(II) and the optimum average damping ratio of the MTMD is a little larger than that of the MTMD(II). It is also found that the optimum MTMD is more effective than the optimum MTMD(II) and the optimum single TMD with equal mass. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Active multiple tuned mass dampers for structures under the ground acceleration

Active multiple tuned mass dampers (AMTMD) consisting of many active tuned mass dampers (ATMDs) with a uniform distribution of natural frequencies have been, for the first time, proposed for attenuating undesirable vibrations of a structure under the ground acceleration.The multiple tuned mass dampers (MTMD) in the AMTMD is manufactured by keeping the stiffness and damping constant and varying the mass. The control forces in the AMTMD are generated through keeping the identical displacement and velocity feedback gain and varying the acceleration feedback gain. The structure is represented by its mode‐generalized system in the specific vibration mode being controlled using the mode reduced‐order method. The optimum parameters of the AMTMD are investigated to delineate the influence of the important parameters on the effectiveness and robustness of the AMTMD by conducting a numerical searching technique. The parameters include the frequency spacing, average damping ratio, tuning frequency ratio, total number and normalized acceleration feedback gain coefficient. The criterion, which can be stated as the minimization of the minimum values of the maximum dynamic magnification factors (i.e. Min.Min.Max.DMF), is chosen for the optimum searching. Additionally, for the sake of comparison, the results of the optimum MTMD (the passive counterpart of AMTMD) and ATMD are also taken into account in the present paper. It is demonstrated that the proposed AMTMD can be expected to significantly reduce the oscillations of structures under the ground acceleration. It is also shown that the AMTMD can remarkably improve the performance of the MTMD and has higher effectiveness than ATMD. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

一种求解地下结构顶板频率和振型的方法

采用欧拉梁横向自由振动理论,发展了一种求解浅埋地下结构顶板频率和振型的方法。鉴于地下结构顶板频率求解问题的复杂性,首先将该问题假定为平面应变问题求解,推导出浅埋地下结构项板梁的自由振动方程;然后根据顶板梁的边界条件,得到了顶板梁的频率方程,从而得出了顶板梁的频率和振型;进一步得出了墙体转动刚度对顶板频率影响的规律,即转动刚度对顶板低频影响较小,对高频影响较大。还综合考虑土体刚度随埋深的变化和由于土体成拱引起的土体附加质量的变化,研究了结构顶板频率随埋深的变化。这些结果可以为地下结构的动力计算提供参考。     

Seismic response of controlled structures with active multiple tuned mass dampers

Active multiple tuned mass dampers （referred to as AMTMD）, which consist of several active tuned mass dampers （ATMDs） with identical stiffness and damping coefficients but varying mass and control force, have recently been proposed to suppress undesirable oscillations of structures under ground acceleration. It has been shown that the AMTMD can remarkably improve the performance of multiple tuned mass dampers （MTMDs） and is also more effective in reducing structure oscillation than single ATMDs. Notwithstanding this, good performance of AMTMD （including a single ATMD illustrated from frequency-domain analysis） may not necessarily translate into a good seismic reduction behavior in the time-domain. To investigate these phenomena, a three-story steel structure model controlled by AMTMD with three ATMDs was implemented in SIMULINK and subjected to several historical earthquakes. Likewise, the structure under consideration was assumed to have uncertainty of stiffness, such as 4-15% of its initial stiffness, in the numerical simulations. The optimum design parameters of the AMTMD were obtained in the frequency-domain by implementing the minimization of the minimum values of the maximum dynamic magnification factors （DMF） of general structures with AMTMD. For comparison purposes, response analysis of the same structure with a single ATMD was also performed. The numerical analysis and comparison show that the AMTMD generally renders better effectiveness when compared with a single ATMD for structures subjected to historical earthquakes. In particular, the AMTMD can improve the effectiveness of a single ATMD for a structure with an uncertainty of stiffness of 4-15% of its initial stiffness.     

Optimum Design of Resilient Sliding Isolation System for Seismic Protection of Equipments

Seismic isolation is one of the effective methods to protect equipments. It helps to keep seismic response accelerations in equipment below its allowable limits. Among different types of isolation systems, the combination of restoring spring and slider, also called as resilient sliding isolation (RSI) system, is the one which has been effectively used for protection of equipment. Principal design parameters for this type of isolation system are period of system (stiffness of spring) and friction coefficient of slider. There may be number of combinations of these design parameters which can enable the isolated equipment to remain functional during and after the predicted seismic event. The optimum design of RSI system can be considered as the one which maintains the response acceleration in the equipment below its allowable limit and at the same time keeps the relative displacement between floor and the equipment to the minimum. This study deals with optimum design of resilient sliding system. First the RSI system is modeled analytically by (i) precise and (ii) simplified SDOF models. The accuracy of the model is then validated by shaking table tests. The validated simplified SDOF model is then used to determine optimum design parameters for different levels of allowable accelerations. Results show that the optimum period decreases and the optimum friction coefficient increases with higher allowable acceleration.     

Particle swarm optimization of TMD by non‐stationary base excitation during earthquake

There are many traditional methods to find the optimum parameters of a tuned mass damper (TMD) subject to stationary base excitations. It is very difficult to obtain the optimum parameters of a TMD subject to non‐stationary base excitations using these traditional optimization techniques. In this paper, by applying particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm as a novel evolutionary algorithm, the optimum parameters including the optimum mass ratio, damper damping and tuning frequency of the TMD system attached to a viscously damped single‐degree‐of‐freedom main system subject to non‐stationary excitation can be obtained when taking either the displacement or the acceleration mean square response, as well as their combination, as the cost function. For simplicity of presentation, the non‐stationary excitation is modeled by an evolutionary stationary process in the paper. By means of three numerical examples for different types of non‐stationary ground acceleration models, the results indicate that PSO can be used to find the optimum mass ratio, damper damping and tuning frequency of the non‐stationary TMD system, and it is quite easy to be programmed for practical engineering applications. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

A novel semi-active TMD with folding variable stiffness spring

An innovative variable stiffness device is proposed and investigated based on numerical simulations. The device, called a folding variable stiffness spring (FVSS), can be widely used, especially in tuned mass dampers (TMDs) with adaptive stiffness. An important characteristic of FVSS is its capability to change the stiffness between lower and upper bounds through a small change of distance between its supports. This special feature results in lower time-lag errors and readjustment in shorter time intervals. The governing equations of the device are derived and simplified for a symmetrical FVSS with similar elements. This device is then used to control a single-degree-of-freedom (SDOF) structure as well as a multi-degree-of-freedom (MDOF) structure via a semi-active TMD. Numerical simulations are conducted to compare several control cases for these structures. To make it more realistic, a real direct current motor with its own limitations is simulated in addition to an ideal control case with no limitations and both the results are compared. It is shown that the proposed device can be effectively used to suppress undesirable vibrations of a structure and considerably improves the performance of the controller compared to a passive device.     

A METHOD OF ESTIMATING THE PARAMETERS OF TUNED MASS DAMPERS FOR SEISMIC APPLICATIONS

The optimum parameters of tuned mass dampers (TMD) that result in considerable reduction in the response of structures to seismic loading are presented. The criterion used to obtain the optimum parameters is to select, for a given mass ratio, the frequency (tuning) and damping ratios that would result in equal and large modal damping in the first two modes of vibration. The parameters are used to compute the response of several single and multi-degree-of-freedom structures with TMDs to different earthquake excitations. The results indicate that the use of the proposed parameters reduces the displacement and acceleration responses significantly. The method can also be used in vibration control of tall buildings using the so-called ‘mega-substructure configuration’, where substructures serve as vibration absorbers for the main structure. It is shown that by selecting the optimum TMD parameters as proposed in this paper, significant reduction in the response of tall buildings can be achieved. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.