GPS观测得到的1998～2003年中国大陆地壳应变

利用1998年9月至2003年9月底中国地壳运动观测网络基准站与基本站GPS观测所获得的多期水平位移结果, 计算了由观测站组成的各三角形的应变。 鉴于量级不大的应变时空变化的复杂性, 试图用统计的方法分析基本网观测得到的2001年11月14日昆仑山口西M_S8.1大地震前后的应变。 此次地震前中国大陆, 特别是中国大陆西部变形有加剧过程, 且中国大陆西部最大剪应变方向总体上保持稳定。 这表明, 此次大地震前有明显的应变能积累; 而在震中附近2000～2001年地震前应变速率很低, 出现闭锁或成核现象。 由最接近震中三角形计算得到的最大剪应变方向确定地震断层走向为N89.3°E。 震后2002年的变形仍然较大, 但2002～2003年中国大陆, 特别是东部, 变形最小。     

区域网GPS观测得到的汶川大地震前后的地壳垂直运动

中国地壳运动观测网络1000个观测站的GPS非连续观测区域网分别在1999年、 2001年、 2004年、 2007年和2009年作了5次观测。 2008年5月12日汶川8.0 级地震震中(31.0°N, 103.4°E)恰好在区域网GPS观测站密集的地区。 区域网长期、 多期GPS观测可降低年周期变化影响, 有利于获取此次地震前后的垂直位移趋势变化。 简要讨论了GPS垂直位移观测的精度。 分析了垂直位移观测的主要干扰地面沉降, 特别是华北地区因大量抽取地下水产生的严重地面沉降。 为获取汶川地震前垂直运动信息, 首先剔除因大量抽取地下水产生的大幅度沉降干扰结果, 通过趋势面分析中国大陆垂直位移空间分布, 显示了3个垂直位移沉降最显著区域。 对比分析表明, 临近汶川震区的沉降区, 未见大量抽取地下水干扰影响。 汶川地震前1999—2007年区域网GPS观测站得到的垂直位移表明, 汶川地震紧临显著沉降区的西北侧, 龙门山断层北段垂直运动闭锁。 该沉降区与另两个沉降区的时空变化明显不同, 也与区域网水平应变异常区的空间分布不同, 但该沉降区与区域网水平应变异常区同时出现。 大幅度同震垂直位移集中在龙门山断层北段震前垂直位移闭锁区。 这些事实表明, 汶川地震前GPS观测到的紧临震中的沉降区及垂直运动闭锁区与汶川地震的发生存在密切关系。     

中国大陆地壳垂直运动梯度图的编绘

本文介绍了一种量化地壳垂直运动速度梯度的方法，并用此方法编绘了中国大陆现代地壳垂直速度梯度图。     

基准站GPS连续观测得到的垂直位移时间序列

利用1998年9月至2004年3月上旬中国地壳运动观测网络基准站GPS连续观测结果所获得的垂直位移时间序列,讨论了基准的选择,分析了基准站垂直位移的特点。取中国东部一组垂直位移变化形态基本一致、年速率较小的6个基准站作为垂直位移时间序列的基准。计算结果表明,每周的垂直位移解的精度可达3mm。与基准站的水平位移年速率相比,垂直位移年速率普遍较低;而与基准站的水平位移时间序列相比,一些基准站的垂直位移时间序列有非常显著的年周期变化,幅度达20～50mm。中国大陆西部基准站的年周期变化与地球自转有明显的相关性,并且符合地球自转守恒。基准站垂直位移的变化值得多方面深入研究     

根据现代地壳垂直运动划分中国大陆活动地块边界的尝试.

研究了中国大陆地壳垂直运动的特征,提出利用中国大陆现代地壳垂直形变速率图划分活动地块的思路和原则,并把中国大陆划分为东西2个Ｉ级地块,东北、华北、华南、西藏、甘青藏和新疆6个Ⅱ级地块和16个Ⅲ级地块．本文划分的活动地块边界与新构造活动的图象在总体上是一致的,局部地区有些差别．这表明,中国大陆地壳现今活动是第四纪以来新构造活动的继续,但也出现了一些新的活动趋势．     

福建地区近期地壳垂直运动

本文利用自由网动态平差方法,处理本区多期水准测量资料,绘制垂直形变图并在此基础上,探讨本区近期地壳垂直活动特征。     

中国大陆地壳垂直运动高梯度区与强震危险区发震概率估计

概述了中国大地地壳垂直形变速率梯度的分布特征，统计了１９６０－１９９３年间大陆Ｍ≥６．０级地震与高梯度区的对应关系，从构造物理的角度论证了形变速率高梯度区是未来可能的强震危险区，采用贝叶斯公式估算了主要地震危险区的发震概率。     

大同地震与华北北部地壳异态垂直运动

本文根据笔者提取异态信息的新数据处理方法，分析了华北北部地区近十年来地壳异态垂直运动，结果显示出以大同地震为界，震前的整个华北北部地区均处于应变的积累阶段，而且震源区具有非常清晰的四象限分布图像，呈一种典型的水平应力作用下的点源理论垂直形变场图象，震后整个华北北部地区则出现了截然相反的异态垂直运动，这又清楚地表明了具有弹性回跳的理论特征。迄今为止，这是我们唯一获得中强地震前后地壳异态垂直运动在空间     

福建省现代地壳垂直运动与断裂活动

根据福建省境内１９７２年以来两次精密水准复测资料,利用速率面拟合法研究福建省现今地壳垂直运动的特征,并结合本区地质构造和地震活动性探讨这种运动的地球物理意义。资料分析表明,本区内新华夏系构造带是强震活动的主要场所,强震活动地点则又受到与这些新华夏系构造交汇的次一级的东西向构造、北西向构造和环状构造活动的制约;在主要构造断块的交接带上则表现为较显著的地壳垂直运动的差异性,差异活动较强烈的地区与本区地     

Current crustal movement in Chinese mainland

The quantification of tectonic deformation in the Eastern and Central Asia is of great significance for the study on global plate motion and lithospheric dynamics. In the past four years, the velocity field of horizontal crustal movement for the Chinese mainland has been established for the first time thanks to the intensified GPS measure-ments and its improved accuracy. The velocity field derived from GPS measurements delineates the patterns of tectonic deformation in the Chinese mainland in the unprecedented detail, and thus reveals the new features of the ongoing tectonic process resulted from the collision of Indian plate to Eurasian plate. Meanwhile, the surface offset induced by two strong earthquakes occurred in Chinese mainland was sampled precisely using InSAR technique.     

Horizontal crustal movement in Chinese mainland from 1999 to 2001

The paper introduces the horizontal crustal movement obtained from GPS observations in the regional networks (including the basic network and the fiducial network) of the Crustal Movement Observation Network of China (CMONOC) carried out in 1999 and 2001. This paper is characterized by the acquisition of the horizontal displacement velocities during the period from 1999 to 2001 at the observation stations in the regional networks with datum definition of a group of stable stations with small mutual displacements in east China. Based on the most detailed map of horizontal crustal movement in Chinese mainland, the division of blocks, their displacements and deformations are studied. An approach to analysis of the intensity of the horizontal crustal deformation is proposed. The general characteristics of the recent horizontal crustal movement in Chinese mainland and that before the Kunlunshan earthquake of M=8.1 on November 14, 2001 are analyzed. Foundation item: The National Development and Programming Project for Key Basic Research (95-13-03-07).     

Horizontal crustal movement in Chinese mainland from 1999 to 2001

Introduction In the Crustal Movement Observation Network of China (CMONOC) there are 25 fiducialstations, 56 basic stations and 1 000 regional stations. They are scattered on 10 major blocks inChinese mainland with high density of observation stations on the blocks of high seismic activityin the regional networks. 10 major blocks or regions (they will be referred to as blocks in the paper,a letter is used as a symbol for each block) were divided during the design of the regionalnetwo…     

区域网GPS观测得到的2008年汶川M_S 8.0地震前的地壳水平运动

2008年5月12日汶川（31.0°N,103.4°E）MS8.0大地震发生在中国地壳运动观测网络区域网GPS观测站相当密集的地区．1000个站的GPS 非连续观测区域网分别在1999,2001,2004年和2007年作了4次观测．震前区域网GPS观测站得到的水平位移表明,汶川大地震主要力源是印度板块向北对中国大陆的挤压,但同时也受到东部与南部板块的挤压．与其它地区相比,震前震中附近水平位移最显著的特点是,汶川地震发生在南北地震带上位移分叉部位,即震中北部明显向东北位移,震中南部明显向东南位移,而震中附近的水平位移则明显小于其北面和南面的水平位移．简要讨论了应变计算结果的精度．为获取地震前的异常信息,分别采用趋势曲面拟合和统计方法研究了汶川地震前（1999—2007年）区域网的应变积累,寻找震中的大致区域．除了2001年昆仑山口西大地震震中及其周围地区外,1999—2007年震前区域网的应变积累的趋势曲面拟合表明,汶川地震发生在中国大陆第一剪应变积累大、范围最广的区域的东侧,且在此区域内积累较大的面压缩区的东北边缘．应变分量的统计分析表明,震前其分布在此区域及其附近同样有明显的异常,剪应变和面膨胀积累均增强．      

Recent crustal horizontal movement in the Chinese mainland

IntroductionSupportedbytheNationaIClimbingProject"RecentCrustalMovementandGeodynamicResearch",acrustalmovementmonitoringnetworkdistributedinChinesemainlandhasbeenmeasuredfortWotimesinl994andl996.Thenetconsistsof22stationsthatarelocatedonsev-eralmajortectonicblocksinChinesemainland.ExceptNanchongstationwhichwasdestroyedatsometimebetWeenl994and1996andre-settledinl996,alltheother2lstationswereoccupiedfortwotimes.BasedontheresuItSobtainedfromcarefulpre-processingofGPSobservations,therecent…     

Horizontal crustal movement before the great Wenchuan earthquake obtained from GPS observations in the regional network

The great Wenchuan earthquake of M8.0 on May 12, 2008, occurred in an area with dense GPS observation stations in the regional network of the Crustal Movement Observation Network of China (CMONOC). Non-continuous observations were carried out at the 1 000 GPS stations of the regional network in 1999, 2001, 2004 and 2007. The horizontal displacements at GPS stations in the regional network before the Wenchuan earthquake show that the main driving tectonic force of the earthquake was the northward pushing of the Indian plate, added at the same time by the pushing of plates on the east and south. In comparison to the displacements in other regions, the horizontal displacements near and around the seismic area is characterized by diverging eastward displacements, that is, the stations to the north of the epicenter moved in the ENE direction while those to the south of epicenter moved in ESE direction with smaller displacements at stations near the epicenter. The accuracy of the estimated strain results is briefly discussed. In order to obtain the anomalous information before the earthquake, the methods of both best fits by trend surface and statistics have been used in the study for finding the future epicentral area from the strain accumulations in the regional network observed from 1999 to 2007 before the Wenchuan earthquake. Besides the epicentral area of the western Kunlun mountain pass earthquake of M8.1 in 2001, the results of best fits by trend surfaces of the strain accumulations from 1999 to 2007 in the regional network show that the Wenchuan earthquake occurred at the eastern fringe of a large area with relatively large accumulations of the first shear strains and also at the northeastern fringe of a smaller area with significant accumulated areal compressions. The statistics of the accumulations of the strain components demonstrates that they also showed anomalous distribution patterns in this area and its neighborhood with increasing accumulations of both shear strains and areal compressions.     

Characteristics of horizontal crustal move-ment in Weihe basin and adjacent zones by GPS observation

Introduction GPS observation results provide high-accuracy and large-range crustal movement data with real time, which makes it possible to obtain the velocity field of current crustal movement in Chi-nese mainland within a short time and check the previous tectonic deformation model. Geoscien-tists at home and abroad have made a great number of researches on the crustal movement in Chi-nese mainland and have obtained many results in this field (JIANG, et al, 2001; WANG, et al, 2001; ZHA…     

General characteristics of the recent horizontal crustal movement in Chinese mainland

1 Introduction of GPS observation dataThe Crustal Movement Observation Network of China (CMONOC) is a major scientific project in China organized by China Seismological Bureau and paticipated by the Bureau of Surveying and Mapping of the General Staff, the Chinese Academy of Sciences and the National Bureau of Surveying and Mapping. Based on the observation data of 25 fiducial stations and 56 basic stations in CMONOC (Figure 1 and Table 1), collected from August 26 to September…     

Current crustal motion and deformation in the Chinese mainland and its surrounding area determined from GPS data

Based on the geodetic data taken from the National GPS Network established by China Climbing Program "Investigation of Crust Motion and Geodynamics in Modern Time",we derived the movement velocities of the GPS sites. In terms of the power series expansion of a rotation function for horizontal velocities on a spherical surface proposed by Haines and Holt (1993), we computed the horizontal velocity and strain-rate field. We preliminarily studied the appearances and characteristics of the present-day crustal movement and deformation in the Chinese mainland with the computed results. The researches demonstrated: ① The present-day crustal movement and deformation in the Chinese mainland are being jointly controlled by Indian, Pacific and Philippines Ocean Plates and Siberia-Mongolia block, and these three large plates and block form a situation of tripartite confrontation, but Indian Plate seems to play a leading role; ② The North-South Earthquake Zone plays an important adjustment role in the present-day crustal movement and deformation process, displaying clear characteristics of demarcation line of tectonics in large areas; ③ There seems to be another adjustment zone along the latitude line approximate N35°, but its characteristics are less obvious than that of the former; ④ Dynamic actions of these three large plates and block on the Chinese mainland are dynamic stable; appearing in stable push-press velocities. These results are generally accorded with the results determined from geology, geophysics, and seismology. By the contrast with seismicities, it appears preliminarily that there is some corresponding relation between intense shear strain zone and future strong seismicity area, but this problem needs further examination of earthquake examples.