Upgrading of calcareous phosphate ores by flotation: Effect of ore characteristics

Sedimentary phosphates contain-besides the phosphate minerals-, various associated gangue minerals such as: clays, silica, calcareous minerals (mainly calcite and dolomite), carbonaceous matter, iron oxides and/or pyrite. The common practiced flow-sheets for concentrating these types of phosphate ores consist of a combination of various mineral processing units such as: crushing and screening, attrition, washing, magnetic separation, and/or flotation. However, none of these combinations was successfully efficient to upgrade the calcareous ores because of the close similarity of the physical properties (density, particle size, particle shape, etc.) as well as the surface physico-chemical properties of the carbonate and phosphate minerals. For the last five decades extensive efforts have been spent to adopt flotation for separating carbonates from phosphate ores. These efforts include thermodynamic analysis, modification of the technique, controlling the pulp environment, and finding new reagents that can specifically differentiate between carbonates and phosphates.This paper reviews some of the published work on the separation of carbonates from phosphate ores by flotation and presents the flotation results of phosphate ore samples different in their physical properties and mineralogical composition. The results obtained reflect the effect of ore nature on the flotation performance and the reagents consumption.     

湖北省南漳县红星磷矿磷块岩特征与物质组分研究

湖北省南漳县震旦系沉积型红星磷矿矿体P_2O_5平均含量23.91%,矿石自然类型主要为角砾状磷块岩,其次为白云质磷块岩、泥质纹层状和条带状致密块状磷块岩。工业类型主要为钙(镁)质和硅钙(镁)质磷矿,其次为硅质磷矿。矿石矿物为胶状磷灰石和微晶磷灰石,经x-射线衍射物相分析,其种属为含碳氟磷灰石。嵌布粒度以细-中粒为主。脉石矿物主要为白云石、伊利石、高岭石、铁质。经测定当磷块岩磨矿粒度小于0.1mm,其磷酸盐矿物单体解离率可达92.53％,这为确定合理的选矿流程具有实际意义。     

江西省村前夕卡岩+斑岩复合型铜铅锌矿地质特征

江西省村前夕卡岩＋斑岩复合型铜铅锌矿床产于燕山中期超浅成花岗斑岩与上石炭统黄龙-船山组白云质灰岩、白云岩接触带及其附近,具有接触带、斑岩体内成矿的特点。NE向村前倒转倾伏背斜轴部及倒转翼与岩体接触部位是矿区有利的成矿部位。矿体形态总体为不规则似层状,沿走向、倾向皆有膨大与收缩现象,倾角15°～68°。矿化主为铜铅锌。花岗斑岩、接触面的产状、围岩的夕卡岩化蚀变是矿化富集的主要控制因素。研究表明,含矿热液主要来自于上地幔,矿床成因类型属“夕卡岩＋斑岩复合型”。     

刚果（金）如瓦西铜-钴矿床表生成矿过程及其勘探意义

中非成矿带刚果（金）如瓦西（Ruashi）铜-钴矿床经历了表生成矿作用,但其研究薄弱。在野外地质调查、室内矿物学观察和矿山生产勘探的基础上,对如瓦西铜-钴矿床的表生分带组构与次生富集规律进行研究。结果表明,该矿床原生矿体由黄铜矿、斑铜矿、硫铜钴矿等含铜硫化物矿物组成,矿石品位铜在1%~2%、钴在0.1%~0.3%范围内。矿床在近地表发生表生氧化作用后,上部形成了氧化带,可进一步划分为3个亚带：（1）完全氧化亚带;（2）淋滤亚带;（3）次生氧化物富集亚带。上部完全氧化亚带发育富钴氧化物堆积体“矿帽”（钴品位在1%~3%,部分可达12%）,淋滤亚带几乎不含铜、钴金属矿物,次生富集氧化物亚带由孔雀石、硅孔雀石、蓝铜矿、胆矾、水胆矾等氧化物矿物和碳酸盐矿物组成,矿石品位铜在5%~10%、钴在0.8%~1.0%范围内,相对原生矿石富集了3~5倍。下部为次生硫化物富集带,出现蓝铜矿、辉铜矿等次生硫化物矿物,矿石品位铜在3%~5%、钴在0.3%~0.8%范围内,相对原生硫化矿富集了1~3倍。综合分析认为,如瓦西铜-钴矿床表生成矿作用受岩石地层、地质构造和地下水等因素的控制,次生富集作用明显提高了矿石品位和矿床开发价值,形成了氧化物富铜-钴矿、硫化物富铜-钴矿和碳酸盐岩接触带附近的氧化物富铜矿及黑色富钴矿等类型的高-特高品位矿体。经勘探验证,在矿区深边部新揭露高品位矿石资源量256万吨,平均品位铜为3.68%、钴为0.44%,可采储量143万吨,平均品位铜为3.53%、钴为0.32%。该研究可为矿区及区域同类型矿山硫化矿演化成氧化矿的表生富集过程及深边部找矿预测提供科学依据。     

云南东川雪岭磷矿地质特征与成因探讨

雪岭磷矿处于东川断隆与禄劝断坳接合部,为一浅海相沉积层状磷块岩矿床。磷矿主要赋存在下寒武统渔户村组一段,岩性为胶磷矿磷块岩、含磷白云岩、含磷泥质粉砂岩、含磷粉砂质泥岩及含磷白云质灰岩。矿石矿物主要为胶磷矿,脉石矿物主要为白云石和少量硅质、粉砂质泥质物;矿石化学成分主要为P2O5,CaO,MgO,SiO2,F,酸不溶物。矿石结构主要为不同粒级的颗粒胶结结构,构造以条带状构造为主,以及少量的块状构造。矿床成因属于早寒武世时期海侵背景下磷质随上升洋流在扬子地台沉积所致,后期的风化作用导致了磷质的进一步富集。     

Is the Bayan Obo ore deposit a micrite mound? A comparison with the Sailinhudong micrite mound

The origin of the Bayan Obo ore deposit, the largest REE deposit in the world, has long been debated and various hypotheses have been proposed. Among them is that the Bayan Obo ore deposit is correlated with and has the same origin as the Sailinhudong micrite mound in the southern limb of the Bayan Obo synclinorium. To test this model, the Bayan Obo ore deposit and the Sailinhudong micrite mound are systematically compared for their geological features, elemental geochemistry, and C, O, and Mg isotopic geochemistry. We show that the Bayan Obo ore deposit and the Sailinhudong micrite mound are both calcareous, lens-like in shape, lack bedding features, and are both hosted in a sedimentary formation that consists of clastic sediments and carbonates, unconformably overlying the Archaean–Palaeoproterozoic crystalline basement. However, their geochemical characteristics differ markedly. Compared with the Sailinhudong micrite carbonates, the Bayan Obo ore-hosting dolomite marbles are strongly enriched in LREEs, Ba, Th, Nb, Pb, and Sr, and have very different (PAAS)-normalized REE patterns. Sailinhudong micrite carbonates have higher δ¹³C_PDB and δ¹⁸O_SMOW values, falling into the typical sedimentary field, but the Bayan Obo ore-hosting dolomites are isotopically intermediate between primary igneous carbonatite and typical sedimentary limestone. The δ²⁶ Mg values of the Sailinhudong micrite carbonates are lighter than those of normal Mesoproterozoic sedimentary dolostone, while those of the Bayan Obo ore-hosting dolomite marble are isotopically heavier, similar to δ²⁶ Mg of mantle xenoliths and Bayan Obo intrusive carbonatite. We conclude that the Bayan Obo ore deposit is not correlated with the Sailinhudong micrite mound; it is neither a micrite mound nor an altered micrite mound.     

刚果(金)卢阿拉巴省康隆卡铜钴矿床地质特征及找矿前景

刚果卢阿拉巴省隶属于非洲板块克拉通,该区发育了世界著名的加丹加弧形铜成矿带,康隆卡铜矿即产于该成矿带上.在资料系统收集和二次分析的基础上,结合大量的野外勘探工作,系统厘定康隆卡铜矿矿体特征、矿石类型、围岩蚀变特征,分析地层、构造对成矿的控制,结合物探工作,总结铜矿成矿规律.研究表明:1)矿床中矿石矿物以孔雀石、蓝铜矿、...     

云南蒙自市南斗冲铅锌矿地质地球化学特征及找矿方向

本文通过对南斗冲铅锌矿区区域地质背景、地层、构造、矿石组构等地质特征以及含矿建造地球化学特征的综合研究表明：南斗冲铅锌矿属构造控制的热液矿床,其成矿流体为沉积盆地中的热卤水经过循环溶解金属矿物形成的含矿热液,矿体主要赋存于岩石构造裂隙中,多形成含矿角砾岩、碎裂化粉晶-细晶白云岩。铅锌矿体分布在南斗冲向斜两翼,受断裂F5和F6控制,主要赋存于寒武系-奥陶系下统博菜田组第二段闪锌矿化碎裂化粉晶-细晶白云岩中。矿石矿物主要有硫化物、氧化物、硫酸盐等3种存在形式,其中主要为硫化物和氧化物矿物。寒武系-奥陶系下统博菜田组为滇东南地区新发现的铅锌矿赋矿层位,为下一步寻找铅锌矿提供了新的找矿方向。     

隐伏矿床上方纳米铜颗粒存在形式与成因

在铜镍矿床覆盖层土壤颗粒中和其下伏原生矿石中同时采集到金属纳米颗粒,颗粒在其粒径大小、形貌、连接和簇聚形式、微粒元素组合等性质上相似,表明两者为同成因物质,是内生成矿作用元素存在形式,土壤颗粒中金属纳米颗粒来自深部矿体。在金矿上方土壤颗粒中采集的纳米金属颗粒,与在铜镍矿床覆盖层土壤颗粒中采集观测到的微粒,在微粒性质可以对比,表明元素的纳米微粒是稳定形式,在其源区形成后可借助多种营力,穿越后期地质作用覆盖层,在近地表被土壤地球化学障捕获滞留,是深部矿化的有效传递物质。深穿透地球化学技术可从土壤中分离富集采集到此纳米微粒,并通过其微粒性质,追踪其源区性质。此研究结果在实用意义上,可为以土壤作为采样介质的深穿透地球化学勘查探测覆盖区隐伏矿方法提供理论依据。     

Physical and thermal treatment of phosphate ores — An overview

The annual consumption of phosphate rock approached 150 million tons. The marketable phosphate is usually 30% P₂O₅ or higher. The run-of-mine material is mostly of lower grade which needs processing or upgrading. The processing techniques of phosphate ores depend mostly on the type of associated gangue minerals present in the mined rock. In some cases, simple, inexpensive techniques are enough to produce the required grade. For example, crushing and screening is used to get rid of the coarse hard siliceous material, and attrition scrubbing and desliming is used to remove the clayey fine fraction. If silica is the main gangue material, single-stage or double-stage flotation is the conventional mineral processing technique used in this case. If the ore is igneous carbonatitic alkaline or ultra basic phosphate deposit, crushing, grinding, scrubbing, and flotation associated with other steps such as magnetic and/or gravity separation is proved to be successful in upgrading this type of ore. The sedimentary phosphate ores having carbonate-apatite as the main phosphate minerals and containing carbonates (calcite and/or dolomite) represent a challenge in the field of phosphate concentration due to similarity in the physico-chemical properties of surfaces of the ore constituents. Also, if considerable amount of organic matter constitutes the main gangue material, upgrading of the ore becomes difficult. New flotation systems (techniques and reagents) are being developed to treat these challenging phosphate ores. Furthermore, calcination is another solution for upgrading these difficult-to-treat types of ores. However, calcination is indicted with some controversial drawbacks. This overview discusses and summarizes the State-of-the-Art and the existing efforts to overcome these problems and to produce a high-grade phosphate product suitable for fertilizers and other phosphate compounds.     

Distribution,occurrence and enrichment mechanism of key metals of selenium,tellurium and cobalt in Wushan copper deposit,Jiurui ore concentration area,Jiangxi ProvinceSCIEI北大核心CSCD

武山铜矿床是长江中下游成矿带九瑞矿集区内典型的层控-接触带矽卡岩型铜多金属矿床,铜资源量达到大型,此外还共生硒、碲、钴、镓、铊等关键金属矿产,具备良好的矿产资源综合利用前景,但矿床中关键金属的分布规律、赋存状态和富集机制等研究尚未开展。本文以武山铜矿床为研究对象,系统采集了矿床南矿带接触带矽卡岩型矿体3条勘探线(W3-2、S4-2、N6-1)、北矿带层控硫化物型矿体3条勘探线(E9-2、E2-1、W4-1)和层控矽卡岩型矿体1条勘探线(E7-3)代表性岩矿石样品。通过光学显微镜和扫描电镜的观察,结合全岩地球化学和矿物原位LA-ICP-MS分析,查明了矿床中硒、碲、钴等关键金属的空间分布规律与赋存状态,初步探讨了硒、碲、钴的迁移沉淀机制。研究结果表明矿床中伴生硒、碲、钴的估算资源量分别为5513t、611t和9597t,均达到大-中型规模;武山矿床是成矿带内硒含量最高、潜在资源量最大的矿床。北矿带矿体中Se、Te、Co含量明显高于南矿带,北矿带中部成矿中心向东西远端,矿体中Se、Te、Co含量规律性增高。矿石中Se、Te、Co含量与S含量具有较强的正相关性,矿石中硫化物的含量是关键金属含量主要控制指标;Se和Co富集于含铜黄铁矿矿石、含铜白云岩矿石、含铜矽卡岩矿石(高硫)中;Te富集于含铜黄铁矿矿石和含铜白云岩矿石中。矿床中硒、碲主要以独立矿物和硫化物中类质同象替换两种赋存形式,钴则主要以Co^(2+)类质同象形式进入黄铁矿矿物晶格。矿床中硒、碲随着成矿流体温度降低、硫逸度升高、氧逸度降低、pH值升高逐渐沉淀富集;钴主要随着硫化物的沉淀富集在黄铁矿中。     

伊朗Ahangaran铅(铜)矿床特征及成因

Ahangaran铅（铜）矿床位于伊朗地块（北部）与阿拉伯板块（南部）碰撞形成的扎格罗斯造山带的Sanandaj-Sirjan带内,该碰撞发生在新生代,赋矿围岩为下白垩统白云质灰岩。矿体多呈顺层的透镜状和穿层的脉状产出,成矿前沉淀细粒石英,成矿期出现白云石、方解石、重晶石、粗粒石英、方铅矿、黄铜矿、黄铁矿、黝铜矿。流体包裹体研究显示,成矿流体为Cl--Na+-Ca2+-Mg2+体系,均一温度介于108~210℃之间,盐度介于7%~29% NaCl eq之间,结合脉石矿物和包裹体的碳-氢-氧同位素特征,显示成矿流体主要来自盆地卤水,但不排除有岩浆流体的贡献,在成矿过程中成矿流体与碳酸盐围岩发生相互作用,使围岩发生溶解。重晶石δ34S值介于18.7‰~22.7‰之间,硫化物中δ34S值介于-3.1‰~9.7‰之间,推测还原硫可能主要来自硫酸盐的生物还原（BSR）,也不排除有机质热化学还原（TSR）作用的贡献。方铅矿206Pb/204Pb值介于18.4083~18.4054之间,207Pb/204Pb值介于15.6512~15.6548之间,208Pb/204Pb值介于38.5628~38.5515之间,与区域铅锌成矿带内其他赋存在碳酸盐岩中铅锌矿床的铅同位素特征相似,说明这些矿床中金属来源均与经历了"造山"作用的上地壳岩石有关。尽管该矿床矿化和成矿流体特征与密西西比河谷型（MVT）矿床相似,但其富石英和含铜的特征与和岩浆有关的碳酸盐岩交代型矿床（CRD）更接近,建议将该矿床归为后一类。     

Regional studies of dolomites and their included fluids: recognizing multiple chemically distinct fluids during the complex diagenetic history of Lower Carboniferous (Mississippian) rocks of the Irish Zn-Pb ore field

This study provides a regional framework within which studies of ore-related dolomite and dolomite cements may be placed. Fluid inclusion data indicate the presence of three distinct fluids following early dolomitization: 1) a ubiquitous low-temperature, higher salinity fluid found in saddle dolomite; 2) a low-temperature, lower salinity fluid limited to sub-Waulsortian and Waulsortian carbonates; and 3) a higher temperature, lower salinity fluid found in Waulsortian and supra-Waulsortian rocks. Similar fluids have been reported in ore-associated minerals and postmineralization dolomite (Type 1) and in ore-stage carbonates and sphalerite (Types 2 and 3). The halogen geochemistry of included fluids indicates genesis from evaporated seawater. Type 1 fluids are enriched in chloride relative to bromide, reflecting a component of salinity derived via dissolution of halite or from dehydration of seawater. These data suggest that dolomitization and mineralization of Mississippian rocks in the Midlands requires both regionally extensive and localized fluid flow.     

白云鄂博碳酸岩型REE-Nb-Fe矿床——一个罕见的中元古代破火山机构成岩成矿实例

白云鄂博碳酸岩型REE-Nb-Fe矿床是世界上最大的稀土矿床。稀土矿石产于整个白云石碳酸岩体和部分脉状碳酸岩中。对比世界上20余个火成碳酸岩地区的特征后发现,白云鄂博地区完全具备国外火成碳酸岩区的地质特征。在岩石、矿石组合上,本区也发育一套碳酸岩+超基性岩+碱性基性岩(含基性熔岩)+碱性岩+稀土矿石+铁矿石组合;在矿物组合上,以白云石为主,方解石次之,伴生一套碱性闪石、长石、霓石、磷灰石、萤石、磁铁矿、稀土矿物组合;在全岩化学成分、微量元素、稀土元素和Sr、Nd、Pb、C、O同位素上,这些岩石具有一定的亲缘关系,有着共同的来源;在岩体的形态与岩石组构上,它们以岩席、岩筒和脉岩的形式出现,并发育有强烈的熔离作用与流动构造;在区域构造上,发育隐伏穹窿构造、岩筒构造和巨型断裂汇聚构造。综合分析上述特征表明:白云鄂博地区具有中元古代破火山机构的痕迹,赋矿白云石碳酸岩体则是顺层侵入的火成碳酸岩体,东矿、主矿可能是一个火山颈构造控矿,而赋矿白云石碳酸岩体西南侧的苏木图矿床则是隐伏岩筒构造控矿。     

内蒙古羊蹄子山-磨石山钛矿床的物性特征及有效找矿方法探讨

内蒙古羊蹄子山-磨石山钛矿床是近几年国内所发现的新型钛矿床,其中,羊蹄子山矿带为热液改造型富钛矿床,磨石山矿带为沉积变质型富钛矿床。这2个矿带的主要有用矿物为锐钛矿、金红石及钛铁矿。根据大量物性测量和研究对比,发现富钛矿石具有较高的密度、弱磁性、高极化率、较低电阻率的物性特征。通过重、磁探测发现了多处有意义的异常,对部分异常进行了钻探验证,结果表明,高精度重力测量是有效的找矿方法,高精度磁法为基本的找矿方法。文章结合该区岩(矿)石的物性特征,探讨了大功率激电和频率域电磁法寻找此类矿床的有效性和可行性。并据此指出,重力与磁法面积测量相结合,在重点地段进行激电与电磁测深,是寻找同类矿床的有效的物探技术方法组合。     

Alteration and ore distribution in the Proterozoic Mines Series, Tenke-Fungurume Cu–Co district, Democratic Republic of Congo

Two sediment-hosted stratiform Cu–Co deposits in the Tenke-Fungurume district of the Central African Copperbelt were examined to evaluate the alteration history of the ore-hosting Mines Series and its implications for ore distribution and processing. Core logging and petrography, focused on lithology and timing relationships, outlined a complex alteration sequence whose earliest features include formation of anhydrite nodules and laths, followed by precipitation of dolomite. Later alteration episodes include at least two silica introductions, accompanied by or alternating with two dolomite introductions into the existing gangue assemblages. One introduction of Cu–Co sulfides accompanied the last episode of dolomite alteration, overprinting an earlier generation of ore whose gangue association was unidentifiable. Sulfides and some carbonates were subsequently modified by supergene oxidation, transport, and reprecipitation to 100–200?m depth. Present-day ore distribution resulted from these successive processes. Ore is concentrated in two shale-dominated units on either side of a cavernous silicified dolomite, which is interpreted as the main conduit for the mineralizing fluids. Sulfide ores precipitated at the redox or sulfidation contacts between this dolomite and the shales. Later, supergene fluids dissolved and moved some of the metals, redepositing them as oxides and carbonates. Solubility differences between Cu and Co in supergene conditions caused them to precipitate separately. Thus, modern ore distribution at Tenke-Fungurume results both from original hypogene lithology- and contact-related precipitation and from supergene oxidation, transport, and Cu–Co decoupling. The supergene fluid flow also redistributed gangue minerals such as dolomite, which has an economically important influence on the processing costs of supergene ores.     

滇东南大庄锑矿床地质特征与成因探讨

滇东南大庄锑矿床地处华南褶皱系滇东南褶皱带个旧褶皱束,锑矿体主要产于上二叠统龙潭组上段及下三叠统永宁镇组下段破碎带及次生破碎带硅化含泥白云岩、白云质灰岩中,矿体明显受断层的控制。文章对大庄锑矿床地质背景、矿床地质特征以及土壤化探异常等方面进行了系统论述,并认为锑矿矿石类型主要为方解石-辉锑矿型,围岩蚀变主要表现为碳酸盐化、硅化、黄铁矿化及绿帘石化等;硫同位素特征表明成矿物质可能来源于深部物源区,成矿热液主要来源于岩浆水与大气降水的混合;矿床成因类型为受断裂控制的热液改造型矿床。     

Lithogeochemical halos and geochemical vectors to stratiform sediment hosted Zn–Pb–Ag deposits, 1. Lady Loretta Deposit, Queensland

Stratiform sediment hosted Zn–Pb–Ag deposits, often referred to as SEDEX deposits, represent an economically important class of ore, that have received relatively little attention in terms of defining lithochemical halos and geochemical vectors useful to exploration. This study concentrates on the Lady Loretta deposit which is a typical example of the class of Proterozoic SEDEX deposits in northern Australia. We examined the major and trace element chemistry of carbonate-bearing sediments surrounding the deposit and defined a series of halos which extend for several hundred metres across strike and up to 1.5 km along strike. The stratiform ore lens is surrounded by an inner sideritic halo [Carr, G.R., 1984. Primary geochemical and mineralogical dispersion in the vicinity of the Lady Loretta Zn–Pb–Ag deposit, North Queensland. J. Geochem. Expl. 22, 217–238], followed by an outer ankerite/ferroan dolomite halo which merges with low iron dolomitic sediments representative of the regional background compositions. Carbonate within the inner siderite halo varies in composition from siderite to pistomesite (Fe_0.6Mg_0.4CO₃), whereas carbonate in the outer ankerite halo varies from ferroan dolomite to ankerite (Ca_0.5Mg_0.3Fe_0.2CO₃). Element dispersion around the stratiform ore lens is variable with Pb, Cu, Ba and Sr showing very little dispersion (<50 m across strike), Zn and Fe showing moderate dispersion (<100 m) and Mn and Tl showing broad dispersion (<200 m). Within the siderite halo Cu, Mg and Na show marked depletion compared to the surrounding sediments. The magnitude of element dispersion and change in carbonate chemistry around the Lady Loretta orebody has enabled the development of three geochemical vectors applicable to exploration. Whole rock analyses are used to calculate the three vector quantities as follows: (1) SEDEX metal index = Zn + 100Pb + 100Tl; (2) SEDEX alteration index = (FeO + 10MnO)100/(FeO + 10MnO + MgO); (3) manganese content of dolomite: MnO_d = (MnO × 30.41)/CaO. All three vectors increase to ore both across strike and along strike. The manganese content of dolomite (MnO_d) exhibits the most systematic pattern increasing from background values of about 0.2 wt% to a maximum of around 0.6 wt% at the boundary between the ankerite and siderite halos. Siderite within the inner halo contains considerably more Mn with MnO values of 0.4 to 4.0 wt%. It is suggested here that the basket of indices defined at Lady Loretta (Zn, Tl, metal index, alteration index, MnO_d and MnO_s) is applicable in the exploration for stratiform Zn–Pb–Ag deposits in dolomite-rich sedimentary basins generally. The indices defined can firstly assist in the identification of sedimentary units favourable for SEDEX mineralisation, and secondly provide vectors along these units to ore. The alteration index and MnO_d, however, should only be used for exploration dolomitic sequences; they are not recommended for exploration in clastic sequences devoid of carbonates.     

贵州凯里柏松铅锌矿地质特征及控矿地质因素初探

贵州凯里柏松铅锌矿位于黔东铅锌成矿带中段，含矿层位主要为下寒武统清虚洞组三段及中寒琥统石冷水一段，含矿岩系为鲕粒白云岩、白云岩，矿体呈似层状、选镜状产出，矿石组分简单，矿石矿物为闪锌矿、方铅矿及少量黄铁矿，脉石矿物为白云石及少量方解石。矿体的产出主要受地层、岩相、构造条件控制。通过对矿床特征、成矿地质条件等与该成矿带已知矿床对比分析，认为该矿床具有较大远景规模。     

云南易门铜厂铜矿床碳酸盐矿物微量元素组成研究

易门铜厂矿床是云南易门铜矿带中的一个大-中型铜矿床,矿区存在早期沉积-成岩型和晚期热液脉状型2种铜矿类型。为深入阐明2种矿化类型的成矿作用特征,文章分别选取落雪组白云岩及层状矿石中的白云石和热液脉状矿石中的方解石,采用ICP-MS等方法,对其开展碳酸盐矿物的微量及稀土元素地球化学研究。研究结果显示：在微量元素组成方面,沉积-成岩型的白云石以富集Cu、Pb、Zn、Ba、Bi、Sb、Ga、Ag,亏损Mo、Cr、Ni、Co、V元素为特征,脉状方解石中则以亏损亲硫元素（Cu、Pb、Zn）和不相容元素（Ba、Be、Rb、Nb、Ta、Zr、Hf、Th、U等）,富集V、Co、Ni元素为特征;在稀土元素组成上,二者稀土元素总量均较低,具不同程度的Eu负异常和微弱的Ce正异常,但在稀土元素配分模式上,白云石为明显右倾的轻稀土元素富集模式,方解石则为轻稀土元素略富集,中稀土元素富集的缓右倾或平缓型配分模式。综合分析结果认为,2类脉石矿物是不同成矿系统的产物,白云石形成于正常浅海环境,为沉积-成岩成因,成矿物质的壳源特征明显。方解石为后期热液成因,有深源物质参与成矿。层状矿体与脉状矿体不具"同期+同源"的特征。