核心素养视角下高考地理试题的难度探析——以2022年全国卷为例

本文在前人已建模型基础上,构建地理核心素养水平评价体系与地理试题综合难度模型,对2022年全国卷地理试题的综合素养水平与试题综合难度进行测评,以此探讨核心素养与试题难度的关系。研究表明：综合素养水平与试题综合难度在全国甲、乙卷中变化趋势基本一致,呈现正相关的关系。在此基础上,本文提出了相关建议。     

浅谈核心素养下高中地理课程资源的开发

高中地理课程资源的开发,是教师对于核心素养与地理教学的个性化理解,也是自身专业实践以及地理教育发展的必然诉求。高中地理课程资源开发的原则应以培养学生的核心素养为依据,坚持基础性、多样性与选择性并重建构课程体系,力求科学性、实践性与时代性统一进行课程内容的开发。重视素养为魂、关注群体、依托技术、全面教学、单元学程五大策略,对教学概览、教学目标与内容、案例及点评、实施建议、资源形式、单元测评等系列环节予以建议。     

香港中学文凭考试地理学科测评框架评介

香港中学文凭考试是国际认可的选拔性公开考核,与内地高考具有相似性。本文基于文献阅读,在梳理香港考评局官方文件的基础上,建构了香港中学文凭考试地理学科测评框架。该框架由学科能力、知识主题、学科情境以及评价方式四部分构成,研究基于此框架分析了近年来香港DSE地理学科试题,认为该测评框架对内地地理学科核心素养发展水平测评框架的建构具有参考意义。     

我国地理教育研究热点年度透视及前瞻——基于2014年人大复印报刊资料《中学历史、地理教与学》转载地理教育论文的分析

通过对2014年人大复印报刊资料《中学历史、地理教与学》转载的地理教育论文进行统计分析,可以看出近年我国地理教育研究热点广泛涉及地理课程设计与实施、地理素养培养、地理教学策略与方法、地理教学媒体、地理作业设计与评价、地理试题评析、地理教师发展等多个方面,未来地理教育研究应关注地理学科核心素养研究、高中地理课标修订研究、地理教科书分析研究、地理教学策略研究和地理教育测评研究等。     

地理核心素养视域下中学地理研学设计与实施

第一届广东省中学生地理研学旅行成果交流展示活动,立足关注学生在野外考察、社会调查、撰写报告过程中表现出的信息搜集与分析、组内交流与协作、创新性地解决问题等能力;关注学生在复杂真实情境中探究问题的综合思维、认知深度、素养表现;关注学生在实践活动中流露出的地理探究兴趣与地理审美情趣等,进而制定指向地理核心素养的研学活动内容、达成落实地理核心素养的研学活动任务、创设测评地理核心素养的过程表现评价。     

基于初中生区域认知能力测评的案例研究——以认知区域位置能力为例

区域认知是中学生应当具备的地理学科核心素养之一。本文以区域认知能力维度构成中最基本的“认知区域位置”能力为例,通过开发相应的测评工具,并运用工具对本校七年级学生区域位置认知能力进行实践测量和评价,以期为初中生区域认知能力的测评和培养提供参照。     

我国地理教育研究年度热点与展望——基于2018年人大《复印报刊资料·中学历史、地理教与学》转载地理教育论文的分析

通过对2018年中国人民大学《复印报刊资料·中学历史、地理教与学》全文转载的地理教育论文进行统计分析,可以看出近年我国地理教育研究热点包括地理课程标准、地理教科书、地理教学、地理教育测评、地理教师等,未来地理教育研究需关注新中国70年地理教育的发展研究、义务教育地理课程标准的修订研究、地理学科核心素养的培养及测评研究、信息技术与地理教学的深度融合研究、地理教师专业素养发展的实证研究等。     

地理核心素养视角下的综合型研学旅行课程初探——以甘肃省河西走廊为例

研学旅行是地理核心素养培育的重要途径之一。本文以“河西走廊研学旅行”为例,聚焦核心素养的培育,通过课程目标、课程内容、课程实施、课程评价等环节,探讨基于地理核心素养的跨学科综合型研学旅行方案设计,尝试将研学旅行课程化。     

刍议高考地理试题对关键能力的考查——以2021年全国高考文综(乙卷)地理试题为例

《中国高考评价体系》是指导高考内容改革和命题工作的测评体系,旨在全面回答"为什么考,考什么,怎么考"的问题,高考评价体系的"四层"(核心价值、学科素养、关键能力、必备知识)确定了高考的考查内容,其中关键能力基于素养导向,承接学科素养,结合学生认知发展实际,确立了三个方面的关键能力群.文章以2021年全国高考文综地理(乙卷)为例,分析高考试题如何考查学生关键能力,如何刻画学生素养水平.     

基于地理核心素养培养的项目式学习研究

本文以"基于地理核心素养培养的项目式教学模式"为研究对象,建立一套以课程标准为核心的项目式学习方法,注重实施过程的具体环节,通过多元评价分析实施的效果,发现实践中存在的问题并提出改进建议,以期促进项目式教学模式的实施,落实地理核心素养.     

Reconstructing the development of the geosystems of the Primorsky Range during the latter half of the Holocene

We examine the sequence of changes in the structure of the geosystems of the Primorsky Range (Baikal region) for the last 6000 years, based on a continuous recording of fluctuations of the vegetation reconstructed from spore-pollen complexes of a high peat bog. We determined the chronological timeframe of paleogeographical events. The study showed that there occurred a radical structure transformation of the geosystems in the mid-late Holocene, along with a recurrence of similar landscape transformations caused by the instability of natural conditions.     

On the origin of the seismic anisotropy of the lithosphere

Summary. It is known that flow in the mantle can produce preferred orientation in olivine crystals with seismic anisotropy as a consequence. Flow in the subcrustal lithosphere is unlikely because of the high viscosity. Lenses of high temperature and low-viscosity ( anomalous mantle ) are located under the crust in many tectonically active regions, and viscous flow can easily arise in such material resulting in seismic anisotropy. After cooling, such anomalous mantle acquires high viscosity and becomes incorporated into the lithospheric layer preserving the anisotropy produced by the flows which existed previously. The interaction of the stresses with cracks in the upper crust can be one of the causes of anisotropy in this layer.     

对沙漠化农田能转化效率及潜力的分析

我国北方东起黑龙江省嫩江地区, 吉林白城地区及辽宁西部, 包括内蒙兴安盟东南、哲里木、昭乌达、锡林郭勒、乌兰察布、伊克昭等盟的大部地区, 直至河北坝上、陕西榆林北部约26.7万平方公里的幅员范围内, 由于自然条件的特殊性(地表组成物质质地松散、沙粒成分比重很大及气候干旱、多大风, 且年内季风与周期性干旱相吻合), 加上人类不合理开发活动的影响, 成为我国目前沙漠化发展最活跃的地区, 其沙漠化土地近16.5万平方公里, 占全区总面积的61.5%。该地区有较长的经济开发史, 农、牧业相互影响, 交错分布的情况, 在历史上业已形成。据粗略统计, 该区范围内, 有旱作耕地近5, 000万亩, 多以传统的粗放的撂荒种植制进行经营, 长年遭受不同程度的风沙危害, 属于生产水平较为低下的农田类型。这些农田急待整治, 以便提高生产力。由于本区年均降水量在350-450毫米之间, 客观上具有发展旱作农业的可能性。如能合理经营、科学利用其自然资源, 将可能发展成为农、牧业结合的发达地区。从而对我国北方地区农业发展起促进作用。为了深化对沙漠化农田的认识, 揭示其生态失调的实质, 本文将就生态系统观点对其进行分析以寻求有效的整治沙漠化农田的途径。     

Direct determination of the characteristics of the currents responsible for the geomagnetic anomaly of the Rhinegraben

Summary. Previous geomagnetic measurements in the Rhinegraben have led us to assume that the responsible currents have the properties of direct currents and that they all flow in the sediments filling the graben. In order to verify these conclusions, we have performed measurements in a mine at a depth of 650 m. By comparing the field simultaneously recorded at the surface, in the mine and at the reference station, it is possible to deduce that the anomalous currents have the above mentioned properties.     

城市化的开发区模式研究

我国许多城市通过开发区建设,在短时间内完成了产业和人口的集聚,实现了城市地域空间和人口规模的跳跃性增长和产业结构的转型。由于在这种城市空间增长过程中,开发区建设起了决定作用,因此,这种以开发区带动整个地区城市化的方式可称为"开发区模式"。开发区驱动城市化的机制表现在开发区自身区域的城市化和开发区带动周围农村地区城市化两个层面,并具有快速跳跃性、外驱性和不稳定性、人为性、经济增长模式的单一性和基础设施建设的高标准性等特征。针对开发区建设中出现的问题,提出了促进其健康发展的建议。     

Chemical composition of waters and the phytoplankton of the lakes within the delta of the Selenga river

Field observations showed that the characteristics of chemical composition of waters and the development of plankton algae in the lakes within the delta of the Selenga river are determined by their flowage. The most open Lake Nekipelovskoe communicates with the Selenga outlets throughout a year, and Lake Zavernyaikha only at the period of an open channel. Lake Semenovskoe and Lake Khlystov Zaton are located in the islands and are isolated from the outlets. According to composition of main ions, the lakes under investigation refer to the hydrocarbonate class, the calcium group. The sum of ions in the water of Lake Nekipelovskoe approaches the one in the Selenga (86?221 mg/dm³), and the highest sums of ions were recorded in the wintertime in the lakes isolated from the outlets (446?743 mg/dm³). The lakes of the delta are characterized by a high trophicity. The maximum concentrations of total phosphorus in Lake Nekipelovskoe and Lake Zavernyaikha were 68 and 122 μg mg/dm³, and in Lake Semenovskoe and Lake Khlystov Zaton ?0.8 and ?0.63 μg mg/dm³, respectively. The most intense development of algae is observed in Lake Zavernyaikha, which is due to the high population of Baikal endemics. Lake Zavernyaikha showed a close negative correlation between the concentration of NO ₃ ^? , mineral phosphorus and phytoplankton biomass; the correlation coefficient was ?0.8 and ?0.63, respectively. The lakes exhibited increased contents readily hydrolysable organic matter, and a decrease in dissolved oxygen concentration in winter; hydrogen sulfide was repeatedly recorded in Lake Khlystov Zaton. The water quality in the lakes during the springtime varies from “quite clean” to “weakly polluted”; at low-water periods, especially in winters, it can drop to the category of “exceedingly dirty”. The water quality of the Selenga can be influenced by the lakes during spring floods when material accumulated during the wintertime is transported to the river outlets and further to Lake Baikal.     

Transformation of the vegetation cover in the zone of air emissions from the enterprises of the city of Norilsk

The influence of air emissions from the enterprises of the city of Norilsk on the vegetation cover of adjacent territories was revealed. The categories of resistance of some plant species and communities to technogenic loads have been ascertained. The protective role of overmoistening of habitats was observed for plants.