湘南─粤北铁锰多金属矿床的表生风化作用

湘南─粤北是我国一个重要的铁锰多金属矿化带，该矿化带中重要的铁锰多金属矿床经历了海相沉积、热液改造和表生风化等多种地质作用。由沉积作用和热液改造作用形成的原生铁锰多金属矿化岩石，由于其中的成矿元素Fe、Mn、Pb、Zn和Ag的含量低，有害元素S的含量高，工业价值不大。通过表生风化作用后，原生铁锰多金属矿化岩石中易溶组分发生强烈淋失，矿石矿物组合也发生了根本变化。次生氧化矿石中有害元素S的含量大幅度降低，有用元素铁、锰、铅、锌、银含量明显升高，它们的平均富集系数基本都大于1．22，从而大大提高了矿石的经济价值。因此，表生风化作用对该矿带铁锰多金属矿床形成起到非常重要的作用。     

福建省龙岩中甲铁矿矿床特征及分散元素铟镉的富集规律

福建龙岩中甲含锡多金属硫化物磁铁矿矿床中有2种分散元素In、Cd具有工业价值.本文利用常规的显微镜观察、化学分析手段,对该矿床矿石中分散元素铟、镉的含量及富集规律进行了分析研究,结果表明矿床锌(铅)矿化系列铁矿矿石中分散元素铟、镉含量在多金属硫化物型矿石中均超过其作为伴生有用组分的最低工业品位数倍,含量较高.分散元素地球化学特征指示矿床为火山沉积-热液叠加改造成因.该矿床位于南岭多金属成矿带与中国东部环西太平洋大陆边缘多金属成矿带复合部位之闽西-梅州Pb-Zn-Cu-Fe矿多金属成矿带,因此对矿床特征及其中伴(共)生的分散元素富集规律研究具有重要的理论和现实意义.     

相山铀矿田牛头山地区多金属矿地质特征及找矿远景

牛头山地区位于相山铀矿田基底EW向河元背-凤岗断陷带与NE向小陂-芜头断裂的交汇部位,已发现有河元背、牛头山铀矿床及深部多金属矿化信息.牛头山地区是一个构造热液活动叠置区,断裂构造、火山岩组间界面动力变形、热液叠加蚀变和花岗斑岩侵入时的热流体作用是控制多金属矿化的重要因素.通过多金属矿化地质特征分析,尝试对该地区多金属找矿远景做一简要评述.     

个旧锡矿成矿热液活动的微量元素地球化学指示

通过对不同地质体中微量元素含量对比及因子分析，明确成矿热液活动元素，区分不同地球化学类型的元素集群。研究表明，成矿热液活动源于花岗岩岩浆侵位，花岗岩浆期后热液及地下水在岩体热力驱动下构成了一个系统的矿化热液活动体系，对区内地质产生广泛的蚀变影响，形成矿体、热液活动脉体及矿化热液活动元素对围岩地层的改造。成矿热液活动体系为开放系统，运动方式以构造断裂导流为主，孔隙渗透为次。     

磐石地区粗榆-小铜矿-带金铜矿地质特征

粗榆一小铜矿地区属磐石一双阳接触带金及多金属成矿带的一部分，有良好的成矿地质环境，成矿物质来源于含金较高的石英闪长岩体和晚石炭纪石嘴子组地层等。热液矿化剂来源于岩浆分异晚期汽水热液和地表水的混合，北西向断裂构造及北东、东西向次级构造控制了地层岩浆岩的分布和矿化作用的演化，长期多期次的构造活动和脉岩的侵入使金铜等成矿元素活化富集，在有利的构造位置成矿。主要矿化类型有石英脉型和破碎带蚀变岩型。     

布什维尔德铂族元素矿床:铂族矿物赋存状态及其成因

总结南非布什维尔德杂岩体中Merensky Reef(简称MR矿层)和Platreef(简称PR接触带)两类铂族元素矿床的矿床地质、矿化特征以及铂族元素的赋存状态。MR矿床是典型的层状铂族元素(PGE)矿床,在杂岩体东部和西部发育,PGE总含量稳定,赋存在堆晶间隙硫化物中,常以PGE硫化物的形式产出。PR接触带型矿化集中在杂岩体北段,整体上不连续,各个矿床的具体特征由于底盘岩性的多变而不同,PGE主要赋存在碲化物和砷化物等半金属化合物中,可以脱离硫化物产在硅酸盐矿物中。相关的实验研究显示,PGE在岩浆结晶过程中发生分异,Pd/Ir比值体现了硫化物的分异程度;Pd比Pt更容易被氧化以及在热液中迁移,Pt/Pd比值体现了混染和热液的作用,这些因素造成了PR接触带与MR矿层中PGE赋存状态的差异。岩浆可能在侵入之前已经达到了硫饱和,岩浆房的压力变化和岩浆通道对于PGE的富集有重要意义,热液流体可以对已经形成的PGE矿化进行改造。     

西藏冈底斯银多金属矿化带的基本特征与成矿远景分析

在冈底斯斑岩铜矿带的北侧,发育一条与之平行的银多金属矿化带。文章对该银多金属矿化带的成矿构造背景、矿床类型及矿化特点进行了初步分析与总结。研究结果表明,该矿化带受旁多—措勤逆冲系的控制,呈近EW向带状展布,带内矿床多位于EW向逆冲断裂与近NS向张性构造的交汇部位;主要矿化类型为矽卡岩型和热液脉型;据矿化特点差异,以念青唐古拉为界,可分为东、西2段,东段以矽卡岩型Cu-Pb-Zn-Ag矿化为主,西段以热液脉型Ag-Pb-Zn矿化为主,西段矿床的银含量明显高于东段。该矿化带是大陆碰撞造山晚期或后碰撞伸展早期(25～15Ma)热液活动的产物。综合对比分析显示,该矿化带具有良好的成矿条件及巨大的成矿潜力,有望发展成为一条规模巨大的银多金属成矿带。     

广西河池五圩矿田箭猪坡铅锌锑矿地质特征与成矿规律

箭猪坡铅锌锑矿位于江南古陆南缘、右江再生地槽北部边缘的丹池多金属成矿带上。矿区出露地层以泥盆系泥岩、泥灰岩、砂岩为主。地区构造是由NNW走向呈弧形展布的压扭性构造形迹组合而成,在扭裂带产生的部位,形成矿床的构造形态。包裹体及同位素分析矿床属中低温热液裂隙充填矿床,隐伏的花岗岩为该区岩浆后期热液多金属矿床成矿提供物质来源。矿床形成于统一的构造成矿场与构造应力场,矿体侧伏规律一致,铅锌锑矿化带产于NNW向张扭性断裂构造剪切带内,矿化作用的方式以热液充填为主,在裂隙网络系统较发育而复杂地段铅锌锑矿化强。主矿体在延伸方向上未控制,随着深度的增加矿化元素的组合发生变化,且在深部存在有似层状矿化体,这为该区深、边部找矿提供了重要信息和指向。     

河南省罗山县皇城山银矿床矿化特征和成矿作用

皇城山银矿床成矿作用经历了热液期和表生氧化期。热液期经历了三个成矿阶段:黄铁矿-硅化阶段、多金属硫化物-硅化阶段和角砾岩化阶段。主成矿阶段为多金属硫化物-硅化阶段,热液作用表现为早期石英在碱性热液作用下溶解和金属硫化物沉淀,随后的温度降低和循环地下水的加入最终SiO2因过饱和而沉淀。成矿物理化学条件为低温、低盐度的酸性环境;矿化程度与火山岩的酸性程度成正比。矿床具以强硅化带为中心向外依次发育高级泥化带(高岭石+石英)和泥化带(蒙脱石+石英)的蚀变分带,与矿化有关的为中期硅化,银及多金属硫化物矿化限于强硅化蚀变带内。从矿石矿物的组合、标型、组构及矿床蚀变分带特征判断,皇城山银矿床具有浅成低温热液矿床中的高硫型矿床典型特征,属高硫型浅成低温热液矿床。     

喀拉昆仑山黑恰铁多金属矿地质特征及成因初探

通过系统的野外地质调查,在详细了解黑恰铁多金属矿化带地质特征的基础上,探讨铁矿成因类型,分析铁矿成矿期后的改造与铜、铅、锌的再造,结合找矿标志,预测矿化体的空间就位,提出找矿方向,以指导该带矿产评价工作。研究认为,黑恰铁多金属矿化带含矿建造沉积环境为滨海-浅海陆棚相,铁矿床成因类型为海底沉积喷流-改造型,铜、铅、锌矿属热液再造型,与铁矿(化)体的空间关系密切,推断其矿源层为菱铁矿建造。铁矿形成后经历区域变质变形改造期、构造叠加改造期和表生氧化期。铁矿在遭受强烈改造的同期,铜、铅、锌通过热液活化再造富集成矿。铁矿的主要控矿构造样式为残破的紧闭-等斜向斜和假单斜。铜、铅、锌层控特征明显,空间上与主要铁矿同体共生或赋存于铁矿体上盘围岩构造裂隙中。黑恰铁多金属矿化带已新发现多处成矿线索,通过进一步的矿产地质工作,有望实现铁多金属找矿新突破。     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

HYDROGEOLOGY

正20141756 Chen Ruige(Mathematical College,China University of Geosciences,Beijing100083,China);Zhou Xun Numerical Simulation of Groundwater Level Fluctuation in a Coastal Confined Aquifer with Sloping Initial Groundwater Level Induced by the Tide(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(7),2013,p.1099-1104,6 illus.,16 refs.) Key words:confined water,groundwater level     

METAMORPHIC PETROLOGY

正20141408 Cai Jia(Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing100037,China);Liu Fulai Petrogenesis and Metamorphic P-T Conditions of Garnet-Spinel-Biotitebearing Paragneiss in Danangou Area,Daqingshan-Wulashan Metamorphic Complex Belt(Acta Petrologica Sinica,ISSN1000-0569,CN11-1922/P,29(7),     

SERIALS

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GEOPHYSICAL EXPLORATION

正20142386An Guoying(China Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Sensing Center for Land and Resources,Beijing 100083,China)Application of Satellite Remote Sensing in Regional Hydrogeological Investigation:Taking Cenozoic Strata in Wenquan Sheet(1∶250 000)of Karakoram Range as an Example(Geosci-     

QUATERNARY GEOLOGY & GEOMORPHOLOGY

正20141016An Chengbang(Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems,Ministry of Education,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China);Zhao Yongtao Lake Records during the Last Glacial Maximum from Xinjiang,NW China and Their Climatic Impli-     

PETROLEUM GEOLOGY

正20141538 Cao Qing(School of Earth Sciences and Engineering,Xi’an Petroleum University,Xi’an 710065,China);Zhao Jingzhou Characteristics and Significance of Fluid Inclusions from Majiagou Formation,Yichuan Huangling Area,Ordos Basin(Advances in Earth Science,ISSN1001-8166,CN62-1091/P,28(7),2013,p.819-828,7 illus.,3 tables,43 refs.)     

GEOCHEMISTRY

正20142002 Wei Hualing(Institute of Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Langfang065000,China);Zhou Guohua Element Content and Mineral Compositions in Different Sizes of Soil in Tongling Area,Anhui Province(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(11),2013,p.1861