Trimble 5800及5600接收机的扩充设备

美国俄亥俄州的Trimble大地测量与工程分部推出一种TrimbleR8和R7GPS接收机 ,这是一种该公司生产的 5 80 0和 5 60 0RTK接收机的扩充设备 ,内置用于跟踪L2C民用信号的R轨迹的跟踪器。R8GPS接收机包括集成天线和无线电设备。内置一个麦克斯韦常规测量GPS芯片和一个具有L1C/A码。L1 /L2全载波及支持宽域增强系统 /欧洲地球同步卫星导航系统 (EGNOS)的 2 4通道模块。其尺寸为 1 9× 1 0cm ,重量为 1 .2 1kg。而R7GPS接收机具有一分立的接收机和一个可伸缩的天线。Trimble5800及5600接收机的扩充设备…     

美伊冲突中的GPS信号增强分析

对2019年6月美伊冲突事件中的GPS功率增强进行了分析,具体从接收机类型、天线类型以及卫星型号三部分对GPS P(Y)码的功率增强进行了分析,分析表明,采用不同类型接收机的测站,其功率增强值明显不同,而采用不同类型天线的测站,其功率增强值相差不大;此外,在接收机或天线类型相同情况下,同组并址站的相同类型的卫星功率增强值对比结果呈一致性.      

BDS接收机天线相位中心标定

在高精度GNSS定位中,接收机天线相位中心偏差(PCO)和天线相位中心变化(PCV)的影响不可忽略。目前,IGS发布的绝对天线相位模型文件中包含了GPS/GLONASS系统的标定值,但是没有发布北斗系统(BDS)的标定值。本文借助机械臂可以控制天线自由旋转,在数小时内实现全方位GNSS观测的特性,采用历元间差分的方法对接收机天线包括GPS L1/L2和BDSB1I/B2I/B3I等多个频点的PCO和PCV分别进行标定和拟合。标定结果表明,比较最小二乘估计的GPS PCO与IGS发布值,其STD和RMS在L1/L2上均小于1 mm;BDS PCO估计值的STD在B1I/B2I/B3I上分别为0.5、0.3、0.3 mm。利用球谐函数拟合的GPS PCV格网值与IGS发布值相比,其偏差在天顶距小于75°时均小于1.5 mm。BDS PCV拟合值范围均在-5~8 mm,且随天顶距变化曲线呈现波谷状。BDS PCV在低高度角处拟合值波动较大,随方位角变化曲线峰值-峰值最大达到了5.6 mm。     

GPS／GLONASS的带内干扰的抑制

带内存在自然/人为干扰时,GPS接收机的工作受到严重影响,甚至完全中断。带内干扰的威胁与日俱增,因为新的通信系统不断启动,无线电频谱变得越来越拥挤。这些威胁不仅来自干扰本身,而且还来自它们落在GPS带内的谐波。 本文介绍的技术已集成到数字信号集成片内,以期能抑制GPSL1/L2、GLONASS L1/L2 以及902—928MHz频段的直接扩频无线电MODEM的带内干扰。抑制干扰技术基于两个全数字补偿型抑制器,利用的方法是将输入的干扰信号和对于扰估算的合适的复制品间的差值进行正交处理实现补偿。补偿信号可以用以抑制连续波(CW)、窄带(NB)以及脉冲干扰,干扰的功率可与接收带内(16MHz)噪声功率相近或明显超过。 每个抑制器具备8bit ADC,它将中频信号变换为数字样本,量化频率为40MHz,有三个抗干扰模块跟踪着干扰频率。—40dB电平的抑制带在5kHz—80kHz内调整。干扰抑制度可以达到60dB。两个具有可调整分辨力的全数字扫描频率分析仪用来分析干扰信号。抑制工作是由软件控制的,响应时间为0.82ms。 两个抑制器集成在Javad接收机的模范芯片中(芯片有40个GPS/GLONASS信道和扩频无线电MODEM)。抑制器可同时抑制6个带内自然/为人干扰。     

GPS一机多天线控制器

由河海大学何秀风教授和香港理工大学丁晓利教授联合研制成功的“GPS一机多天线控制器”,是将无线电通讯的微波技术、计算机实时控制技术和GPS定位算法有机的结合,仅用一部GPS接收机互不干扰地接收到多至20个GPS天线传输来的信号,通过后处理软件包实现精确定位。本产品的最大优点在于用一个天线来替代一台GPS接收机,大大降低了系统的成本,并通过我们的定位算法实现2mm的定位精度。     

机载应答机对GPS—L5信号的影响

探讨了机载应答设备对GPS—L5接收机的电磁干扰状况。通过机载试验,测量了L5波段电磁频谱,分析测量数据后得到若干能量谱图。并通过与远距离监控装备／塔康导航设备（DME／TACAN）干扰信号的比较得到应答设备比它们具有更小干扰的结论。     

产品信息

GPS接收机Sokkia公司推出一种GSR2700 IS GPS接收机、该接收机采用了蓝牙无线技术,可供测量使用。这是一种双频L1/L2 GPS接收机,它内装一个综合数据链,一个天线,一个存储装置和一个蓄电池。它的内存能力可存储500小时的数据。它有UHF和GSM/GPRS无线电两种选择方案。GPS数据记录     

GNSS信号土壤衰减模型的试验验证方法

GNSS（global navigation satellite system）信号在土壤中的衰减情况对于研究GNSS反射信号的有效遥感深度具有重要意义。本文通过试验研究了北斗信号与GPS（global positioning system）信号在土壤中的衰减情况。在试验设计上将GNSS天线置入土壤中并不断改变天线上方的土壤厚度与湿度以采集GNSS信号的功率衰减数据,最后利用这些数据反演土壤湿度以对GNSS信号土壤衰减模型进行验证。试验结果表明,土壤能够使GNSS信号发生明显的衰减。土壤的湿度值与厚度值越大,GNSS信号功率衰减越严重。在黏土土质,土壤湿度为0.15~0.30 cm³/cm³的情况下,当土壤厚度达到21 cm时,GNSS信号功率已衰减至无法被GNSS接收机测出。进一步根据GNSS信号衰减模型反演土壤湿度,结果显示,模型在土壤厚度大于等于10 cm、卫星仰角高于50°的情况下较为精确,此时利用北斗B1信号与GPS L1信号反演土壤湿度的均方根误差分别小于0.04 cm³/cm³与0.09 cm³/cm³。     

几种典型接收机天线相位中心改正计算

由于天线本身的特性及机械加工等原因,GPS卫星和接收机天线相位中心与其几何中心不重合,从而产生相位中心偏差。某些类型的天线该偏差甚至可达数cm,直接影响高精度GPS测量的精确可靠性。IGS改正模型文件中给出的是每隔5°方位角和天顶角时的天线相位中心变化改正值,本文用VS程序设计通过线性内插算法获得任意方位角和天顶角下的相位中心变化改正值。     

TEXBAT场景的GPS接收机授时欺骗影响分析

针对目前有关GPS欺骗干扰技术的研究较少涉及GPS时间欺骗干扰,且因实验条件限制,难以构建与重放实际欺骗场景,因此不同场景GPS时间欺骗对目标接收机影响仍不明确的问题,基于TEXBAT(Texas Spoofing Test Battery)提供的3组不同场景GPS时间欺骗数据集,建立了GPS时间欺骗模型,分析了欺骗过程中存在的两种相位对齐模式对欺骗行为的影响;利用自编软件对采集的欺骗场景的原始高保真数字实时数据进行数据处理,分别得到目标接收机受欺骗与未受欺骗时的接收机钟差及钟差变化率、多普勒频率与载噪比、载波相位与接收机天线位置随时间的变化情况;深入分析了不同场景GPS时间欺骗对目标接收机的影响。实验结果表明,不同场景GPS时间欺骗将从不同角度有效影响GPS定时结果,所得结论将为GPS时间欺骗与抗欺骗技术提供重要参考。     

DME/TACAN interference mitigation for GNSS: algorithms and flight test results

The Galileo E5a/E5b signals and the Global Positioning System (GPS) L5 signal lie within the aeronautical radionavigation services (ARNS) band. They suffer interference from the services in this frequency band, in particular, pulsed signals from distance measuring equipment (DME) and tactical air navigation (TACAN) systems. To maintain system accuracy and integrity, interference mitigation is beneficial and necessary. We first present the real DME/TACAN environment at Stanford, CA as an example to illustrate the need for mitigating DME/TACAN interference. We then propose a time and frequency joint mitigation algorithm—Hybrid Blanking and its simplified version, frequency domain adaptive filtering (FDAF) for hardware implementation. Finally, a flight measurements campaign was performed over a European DME/TACAN hotspot near Frankfurt, Germany, to record a worst-case DME interference environment. Recorded data from the flight tests mixed with injected GNSS signals verify the effectiveness of the proposed mitigation algorithm.     

Compass B2a与GPSL5信号间干扰仿真分析

首先介绍了卫星导航系统间干扰评估方法,仿真计算了CompassB2a与GPSL5信号间的相互干扰。干扰分析结果表明：Compass B2和GPSL5信号之间可以实现兼容,为进一步开展B2与L5信号间的互操作研究打下了基础。     

A preventative approach to mitigating CW interference in GPS receivers

In the global positioning system (GPS), code division multiple access (CDMA) signals are used. Because of the known spectral characteristics of the CDMA signal, continuous wave (CW) interference has a predictable effect on the different pseudo random noise (PRN) spreading codes (unique to each satellite) depending on the Doppler frequency of the signal. The Doppler frequency for each signal is also predictable once the receiver position is known. As different satellite signals have different Doppler frequencies, the effect on the signal quality is also different. In this paper first the effect is studied analytically. The concept of an “exclusion zone” is defined and analyzed for each satellite. This exclusion zone, where that satellite should not be used due to interference degradation, is shown to be predictable for each satellite as a function of time. Using this prediction, the CW interference effect on the positioning quality of the receiver can be mitigated by ignoring the affected satellites within exclusion zones when performing position evaluation. The threshold beyond which a satellite should be excluded is then derived by studying the mutual effects of the geometry and the signal quality of that satellite on the positioning quality. Receiver autonomous integrity monitoring (RAIM) uses redundancy in measurements to perform an internal consistency check to see if all of the measurements are satisfactory. In this paper this technique is also used to mitigate the effect of CW interference on the positioning accuracy. Finally it is shown that the prediction of the exclusion zone for each satellite outperforms the RAIM algorithm in mitigation the effect of the interference when 5 satellites are visible. An erratum to this article can be found at     

风云三号D卫星GPS信号功率调整及干扰分析

全球定位系统(global positioning system,GPS)卫星的IIR和IIF卫星能够在各个信号分量之间重新分配其发送信号的功率,一个或多个GPS信号可以在指定区域根据需要进行功率调整或者关闭。分析GPS信号的变化特征对于地面和空间应用有重要的意义。风云三号D(FengYun-3D,FY-3D)卫星是中国极轨气象卫星之一,利用FY-3D卫星实际测量数据可以帮助GPS用户全面了解GPS功率调整的特点。首先,利用FY-3D运行轨道全球覆盖的特点分析GPS信号的强度,特别是GPS信号功率调整时间段信号变化的特点;然后,使用在轨数据研究了全球范围L波段信号干扰的特征,得到了干扰对全球导航卫星系统掩星探测仪掩星天线的自动增益控制和基底噪声的影响。结果表明：从2020-02-14开始的GPS功率调整以[35°N,37°E]和[35°N,69°E]为中心,覆盖半径约为7 500 km,在该区域内GPS P(Y)码功率增加约10 dB;GPS L1和L2频段在中东地区持续受干扰的影响,该区域的基底噪声比其他区域增加约3～10倍;干扰区域中心点和GPS功率调整区域中心点大致在同一位置。G...     

Compass系统与GPS系统L1频段信号干扰仿真分析

全球导航卫星系统间的频率兼容性研究已经成为一个热点问题。首先介绍了国际电联建议的卫星导航系统间干扰分析方法;然后根据该方法对Compass系统和GPS系统在L1频段的信号进行了干扰仿真分析,并比较了系统间互干扰和系统自干扰的影响。仿真计算结果表明,除了互用信号L1C和B1C外,其余信号间的自干扰在总干扰中占主导,互干扰的影响相对较小。     

Short and zero baseline analysis of GPS L1 C/A, L5Q, GIOVE E1B, and E5aQ signals

Stochastic properties of GNSS range measurements can accurately be estimated using a geometry-free short and zero baseline analysis method. This method is now applied to dual-frequency measurements from a new field campaign. Results are presented for the new GPS L5Q and GIOVE E5aQ wideband signals, in addition to the GPS L1 C/A and GIOVE E1B signals. As expected, the results clearly show the high precision of the new signals, but they also show, rather unexpectedly, significant, slowly changing variations in the pseudorange code measurements that are probably a result of strong multipath interference on the data. Carrier phase measurement noise is assessed on both frequencies, and finally successful mixed GPS-GIOVE double difference ambiguity resolution is demonstrated.     

GPS satellite clock determination in case of inter-frequency clock biases for triple-frequency precise point positioning

Significant time-varying inter-frequency clock biases (IFCBs) within GPS observations prevent the application of the legacy L1/L2 ionosphere-free clock products on L5 signals. Conventional approaches overcoming this problem are to estimate L1/L5 ionosphere-free clocks in addition to their L1/L2 counterparts or to compute IFCBs between the L1/L2 and L1/L5 clocks which are later modeled through a harmonic analysis. In contrast, we start from the undifferenced uncombined GNSS model and propose an alternative approach where a second satellite clock parameter dedicated to the L5 signals is estimated along with the legacy L1/L2 clock. In this manner, we do not need to rely on the correlated L1/L2 and L1/L5 ionosphere-free observables which complicates triple-frequency GPS stochastic models, or account for the unfavorable time-varying hardware biases in undifferenced GPS functional models since they can be absorbed by the L5 clocks. An extra advantage over the ionosphere-free model is that external ionosphere constraints can potentially be introduced to improve PPP. With 27 days of triple-frequency GPS data from globally distributed stations, we find that the RMS of the positioning differences between our GPS model and all conventional models is below 1 mm for all east, north and up components, demonstrating the effectiveness of our model in addressing triple-frequency observations and time-varying IFCBs. Moreover, we can combine the L1/L2 and L5 clocks derived from our model to calculate precisely the L1/L5 clocks which in practice only depart from their legacy counterparts by less than 0.006 ns in RMS. Our triple-frequency GPS model proves convenient and efficient in combating time-varying IFCBs and can be generalized to more than three frequency signals for satellite clock determination.     

两颗GPS现代化卫星L5载波信号的比较

本文分析了GPS现代化信号L5载波的结构及相对于非现代化信号的改进,比较了GPS L5载波和WAAS L5载波的区别;比较了2颗现代化卫星SVN49和SVN62播发的L5载波的信号结构及信噪比,结果表明:SVN49播发的L5载波演示信号的抗干扰能力较差,而SVN62播发的L5载波具有更强的抗干扰能力,满足设计规范要求。     

卫星导航接收机基于IIR陷波器的单频干扰抑制性能分析

单频干扰对卫星导航系统的破坏性很强,仅靠系统自身的抗干扰能力很难保证系统正常工作。因此,有必要引入干扰抑制技术。在现有的众多抑制单频干扰的信号处理手段中,时域陷波抑制技术因其实现简单、抗干扰性能好等优点而被广泛使用。针对单频干扰对卫星导航接收机的影响,分析了IIR陷波器的陷波原理,比较了直接型和格型两种陷波器的性能,研究了陷波器参数与零陷深度、陷波带宽的关系,并基于二阶陷波器扩展分析了高阶陷波器的抑制性能。通过仿真实验,验证了上述结论的正确性。