改进的矩匹配遥感影像条带噪声去除方法研究与实现

遥感传感器在扫描成像过程中,由于感光单元间的响应差异和其他因素,有时会产生条带噪声,这严重影响了影像的应用。为了更好地利用这些影像,必须首先对影像进行去条带处理。首先对比分析两种基于同一个传感器单元获取的影像具有统计一致性假设的条带噪声去除算法,即均值归一化方法和矩匹配方法,再对矩匹配方法进行了改进,并在VC++6.0下分别编程实现。经过对有条带噪声的IRS5.8 m分辨率全色遥感影像进行处理和对比分析,在光谱保持和条带噪声去除效果综合考虑下,得出改进的矩匹配方法优于均值归一化方法。     

遥感影像条带噪声去除的小波变分法

为了避免条带噪声去除过程中丢失影像细节,提出一种基于小波变分法去除遥感影像条带噪声。首先,对含有条带噪声的遥感影像进行小波分解;其次,通过构建的条带保留变分模型(SPVM)去除低层高频分量(含条带噪声)中的细节信息而保留条带噪声,从而有效分离出低层高频分量(含条带噪声)中的细节信息;通过构建的条带去除变分模型(DVM)去除高层高频分量(含条带噪声)中的条带噪声,从而有效地保留高层高频分量(含条带噪声)中的细节信息;最后,通过小波重构,获得去噪影像。试验证明本文方法在去除条带噪声的同时基本没有丢失影像细节,去噪后的影像对比度及质量都是最优的。     

Terra MODIS数据28波段影像条带噪声去除方法

Terra卫星MODIS传感器影像中多个波段数据存在条带噪声,其中第28波段的数据受影响较为严重,且随着时间的推移噪声强度更大、噪声类型更加复杂。针对该波段同时受探元-探元噪声与镜面条带噪声影响的特点,本文在矩匹配方法的基础上,提出了基于曲线拟合与去除信号趋势项的条带噪声去除方法。实验结果表明,相对于传统方法,本文提出的两种条带去除方法具有更强的稳健性。     

基于灰度归一化的HJ-1A星HSI图像条带噪声去除方法

针对HJ -1A星HSI图像上的条带噪声,在分析传统条带噪声去除方法的基础上,提出了一种新的基于灰度归一化去除条带噪声的方法.首先,设计孤立点检测窗口,将随机斑点噪声与条带噪声分离;然后,利用灰度归一化方法建立图像各列像元灰度级与基准列像元灰度级对应的查找表,根据查找表对HSI图像条带噪声进行消除.实验结果表明,该方法在很好地保留图像光谱信息的情况下,能够有效地消除图像条带噪声和随机斑点噪声.     

双边滤波与矩匹配融合的高光谱影像条带噪声去除方法

针对环境减灾小卫星高光谱影像数据中存在的条带噪声,提出一种双边滤波与矩匹配方法融合的去除条带噪声方法。该方法克服了传统方法在去除条带噪声的同时带来新的噪声,并且边缘信息丢失等问题。最后进行了几种去除条带方法的比较试验,并且对试验结果进行了讨论。试验证明,提出的方法去除高光谱遥感影像的条带噪声效果明显,且能较好地保留原始影像中的地物信息。     

频域滤波与直方图匹配相结合的条带噪声去除法

针对高分辨率遥感影像中存在的条带噪声,提出了一种频域滤波与直方图匹配相结合的去噪方法。首先利用变换域的方法提取条带噪声;再利用butterworth滤波器滤除条带噪声成分;最后将滤波后的结果影像作为参考影像,对原始含条带噪声的影像进行基于影像列的直方图匹配。实验结果表明,该方法能有效去除条带噪声。     

国产高分辨率遥感影像辐射质量改善方法研究

受制于光学器件的性能与观测环境的影响,国产高分辨率遥感影像通常存在条带噪声、光谱分辨率低、纹理不清晰等问题,给后续的自动化影像产品生产及目标解译工作带来极大的不利。本研究先后从去除条带噪声、对比度增强、边缘增强三个方面,对遥感影像进行质量改善,使遥感影像更好地为地理信息公众服务。以高分二号全色影像为实验数据,目视和定量评价结果均证实了本文算法的有效性。     

一种直方图匹配和线性空间滤波相结合的条带噪声去除方法

航天和航空遥感图像中,普遍存在着条带噪声(stripe noise),任何使用多个探测元进行获取图像的遥感器图像数据中均存在条带噪声。本文针对CBERS-02星图像中的两类条带噪声:探测元间条带噪声和横向随机条带噪声,提出了一种直方图匹配和线性空间滤波相结合的去条带噪声方法。其中直方图匹配用于去除探测元间的条带噪声,线性空间滤波用于消除横向随机条带噪声。实验结果表明,该方法能有效去除CBERS-02星影像中的条带噪声,并且能很好地保证图像质量。最后,从定性和定量两个方面进一步说明了该方法的有效性。     

应用小波收缩方法剔除MODIS热红外波段数据条带噪声

采用多元并扫方式 (1km分辨率 1 0元并扫 ,5 0 0m分辨率 2 0元并扫 ,2 5 0m分辨率 4 0元并扫 )的MODIS传感器由于各探测单元在轨响应差异而引起的条带噪声对MODIS定量产品的反演计算精度造成一定影响。这种影响在MODIS的热红外波段尤其明显。为了尽可能减少这种影响 ,提高MODIS定量产品反演精度 ,提出应用小波收缩方法剔除MODIS数据条带噪声。研究首先使用连续小波变换方法分析MODIS条带数据 ,确定MODIS数据条带噪声在小波系数域中的尺度。其次 ,在分析条带噪声模式的基础上 ,使用小波收缩方法对MODIS 1B数据进行噪声剔除计算。最后比较了分别使用噪声剔除前后的两组MODIS 1B数据反演得到的部分云和大气定量遥感产品 ,结果表明 ,使用剔除噪声后的MODIS 1B数据反演的定量遥感产品精度具有明显的提高     

遥感影像相对辐射校正方法及适用性研究

遥感影像相对辐射校正是一项基础的数据预处理工作,用于去除影像整体的辐射不均匀性、条带噪声、坏线等辐射问题,经过30多年的发展,已形成几十种不同的相对辐射校正方法和算法。面对种类众多的相对辐射校正方法,它们之间的区别和关联是什么,每种方法的特点是什么,如何选择合适的校正方法,是3个亟需解决的问题。围绕这3个问题,第一,本文以相对辐射校正系数获取的不同方式为原则,将现有的相对辐射校正方法分为3大类:定标法、统计法和综合法,使该分类体系能够反映各类校正方法的区别和关联。第二,在新的分类体系下,给出了定标法、统计法、综合法的数学模型表达,详细介绍了3类方法包含的每种具体的校正方法和算法,比较分析了每种方法的基本思想、原理和优缺点。第三,从影像辐射不均匀特征、影像几何特征、传感器定标、影像综合特征4个方面,对各种校正方法的适用性进行综合分析,给出了科学合理地选择相对辐射校正方法的建议,同时结合具体应用实例进行了实验验证。最后,分析了相对辐射校正研究的发展趋势和存在的问题,有效信息和噪声的计算机判定准则、相对辐射校正效果的评价体系、相对辐射校正对于后续的绝对辐射校正结果的影响是下一步需要深入研究的问题。     

面向配网带电作业机器人的激光雷达与视觉系统融合定位

为提高配网带电作业机器人在开展带电作业时对导线的识别与定位的准确性,本文提出了一种基于单线激光雷达传感器与视觉系统融合的定位方法,获取导线的空间三维坐标.并通过研究多传感器在户外强光环境下的工作特点,提出了基于激光雷达深度信息与图像信息的多传感器融合算法.首先利用激光雷达与相机事先进行像素级标定,使图像像素与激光雷达深...     

Universal reconstruction method for radiometric quality improvement of remote sensing images

The performance of remote sensing images in some applications is often affected by the existence of noise, blurring, stripes and corrupted pixels, as well as the hardware limits of the sensor with respect to spatial resolution. This paper presents a universal reconstruction method that can be used to improve the image quality by performing image denoising, deconvolution, destriping, inpainting, interpolation and super-resolution reconstruction. The proposed method consists of two parts: a universal image observation model and a universal image reconstruction model. In the observation model, most degradation processes in remote sensing imaging are considered in order to relate the desired image to the observed images. For the reconstruction model, we use the maximum a posteriori (MAP) framework to set up the minimization energy equation. The likelihood probability density function (PDF) is constructed based on the image observation model, and a robust Huber–Markov model is employed as the prior PDF. Experimental results are presented to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.     

中波红外图像条纹处理方法

卫星搭载的有效载荷在进行在轨对地观测过程中,受仪器本身特性和地球固有特性因素的影响,在图像上会产生多种观测失准和干扰现象。如图像旋转现象,蝴蝶结效应以及探元非均匀性条纹现象等。针对这类可以预见到的冗余和条纹,对仪器设计优化以及借助卫星星历轨道等辅助数据和成熟的图像处理算法可以对其实现有效地恢复。仪器在轨运行期间新引入的周期性或非周期性干扰,则需综合运用多种数据来源和关于干扰产生原理的先验知识,并结合图像处理手段实现图像恢复,同时保存原有辐射信息的真实性,为定量研究提供高质量可靠的数据准备。本研究针对某卫星中波红外图像干扰条纹,利用星上定标数据,并通过条纹现象分析和产生机理分析,探索了一种新的基于空域信号补偿原理的图像干扰条纹处理算法,通过大量图像数据处理实践证明,该算法对图像质量改善明显,且在动态范围和辐射信息保存方面优于传统频域滤波算法。     

利用青海湖水面辐射校正场对FY—1C气象卫星热红外传感器进行绝对辐射定标

利用青海湖水面场FY-1C气象卫星热红外窗区通道进行绝对辐射定标,由CE312野外热红外辐射计在水面测得辐亮度经大气订正传递到卫星入瞳处,考虑到大气吸收削弱影响,同时卫星观测路径大气产生热发散,这两部分对卫星信号的贡献由探空廓线和卫星观测几何输入MODTRAN37计算出来,同时进行CE312野外辐射计与卫星通道光谱响应匹配计算,最终得到卫星入瞳处的表观亮度.这个辐亮度与卫星通道的计数值比较得到该通道绝对定标系数.结果表明利用辐射校正场辐射定标与星上定标相差5%左右,相当于3K的亮温差.     

Direct Sensor Orientation for Large Scale Mapping—Potential, Problems, Solutions

Georeferencing is one of the most important tasks in photogrammetry. Traditionally it has been achieved indirectly using the well-known method of aerial triangulation. With the availability of integrated GPS and inertial measurement units (IMU), this situation changed. Direct determination of exterior orientation is now possible. Today, direct and integrated sensor orientation is used for a wide range of sensors including lidar and SAR, as well as for digital line scanner systems and aerial cameras. This paper investigates the performance of direct and integrated sensor orientation for large scale mapping using the data-set of the 'Integrated Sensor Orientation' test of the European Organisation for Experimental Photogrammetric Research (OEEPE—now known as EuroSDR). The concept, potential, problems and solutions of direct and integrated sensor orientation are discussed.     

谱修正迭代结果的协因数矩阵

导出了谱修正迭代结果的协因数矩阵Q^↑x^↑x，证明了当法方程系数矩阵N满秩且呈良态时，Q^↑x^↑x就是N的凯利逆N^-1；当N秩亏时，Q^↑x^↑x就是N的Moore-Penrose逆N^ 。     

Stereo analysis of high-resolution SAR images for building height estimation in cases of orthogonal aspect directions

SAR stereo image analysis for 3D information extraction is mostly carried out based on imagery taken under same-side or opposite-side viewing conditions. For urban scenes in practice stereo is up to now usually restricted to the first configuration, because increasing image dissimilarity connected with rising illumination direction differences leads to a lack of suitable features for matching, especially in the case of low or medium resolution data. However, due to two developments SAR stereo from arbitrary viewing conditions becomes an interesting option for urban information extraction. The first one is the availability of airborne sensor systems, which are capable of more flexible data acquisition in comparison to satellite sensors. This flexibility enables multi-aspect analysis of objects in built-up areas for various kinds of purpose, such as building recognition, road network extraction, or traffic monitoring. The second development is the significant improvement of the geometric resolution providing a high level of detail especially of roof features, which can be observed from a wide span of viewpoints. In this paper, high-resolution SAR images of an urban scene are analyzed in order to infer buildings and their height from the different layover effects in views taken from orthogonal aspect angles. High level object matching is proposed that relies on symbolic data, representing suitable features of urban objects. Here, a knowledge-based approach is applied, which is realized by a production system that codes a set of suitable principles of perceptual grouping in its production rules. The images are analyzed separately for the presence of certain object groups and their characteristics frequently appearing on buildings, such as salient rows of point targets, rectangular structures or symmetries. The stereo analysis is then accomplished by means of productions that combine and match these 2D image objects and infer their height by 3D clustering. The approach is tested using real SAR data of an urban scene.     

HY-1A卫星COCTS数据条带消除的两种定量化方法比较

HY-1A卫星是中国第一颗海洋遥感卫星,水色水温扫描仪(COCTS)是其主要探测器。由于各探测单元的信号响应特性不同,导致COCTS数据含有大量条带噪声。这严重影响了图像的质量和可视性,对资料的定量化应用也是十分不利的。为了解决这个问题,本研究采用矩匹配及直方图匹配法,对COCTS数据进行条带消除。结果表明,两种方法都是有效的,能够在消除条带的同时保持数据原有的物理意义,并避免细节特征的丢失。但是从整体效果看,直方图匹配法更好一些。本研究的结果同样适用于其他以并扫方式获取数据的遥感器的条带消除。     

Introducing sensor spectral response into the classification process

Many sensors have their bands overlapped and therefore do not set a normal space. If a spectral distance is measured, as in first-order statistical classifiers, the direct consequence is that the result will not be the most accurate. Image classification processes are independent of the spectral response function of the sensor, so this overlap is usually ignored during image processing. This paper presents a methodology that introduces the spectral response function of sensors into the classification process to increase its accuracy. This process takes place in two steps: first, incident energy values of the sensors are reconstructed; second, the energy of the bands is set in an orthonormal space using a matrix singular value decomposition. Sensors with and without overlapping spectral bands were simulated to evaluate the reconstruction of energy values. The whole process was implemented on three types of images with medium, high and very high spatial resolution obtained with the sensors ASTER, IKONOS and DMC camera, respectively. These images were classified by ISODATA and minimum distance algorithms. The ISODATA classifier showed well-defined features in the processed images, while the results were less clear in the original images. At the same time, the minimum distance classifier showed that overall accuracy of the processed images increased as the maximum tolerance distance decreased compared to the original images.