模拟井中油气水三相泡状流流型的分形与混沌特征

应用分形及混沌理论,对油气水三相流模拟装置中采集的油气水三相泡状流混合密度波动信号进行了表征,提取的分形维数及混沌吸引子相关维分别在1.1-1.282及4.13-5.87之间.对分相含率(含水率、含气率、含油率)相同而总流速不同的情况,其分形维数及混沌吸引子相关维随总流速呈现相同的变化趋势,从功率谱特征曲线的波动程度上也验证了分形维数及混沌吸引子相关维随总流速变化趋势的正确性.另外,还对混合密度时间序列波动信号提取了最大Lyapunov指数,证明了垂直上升管中油气水三相泡状流是-混沌系统.     

地球物理复杂信号的多尺度熵分析方法

为了研究地球物理观测信号在多尺度空间中的复杂性,本文提出了一种新的广义熵谱（General Entropy Spectral）概念,其在零频率下的值正好给出了传统意义的信息熵。同时,还提出了一种新的局部多尺度熵（Local Multiscale Entropy）分析方法,该方法结合了信息熵和多尺度方法,可用于对数据特征、信息复杂度进行多尺度表达。上述这些新方法适用于分析各种复杂的地球物理信号,以便深入挖掘更多的信号特征和信息。     

垂直上升管中气液两相流电导波动信号的混沌特性分析

首先以Lorenz混沌方程产生的非线性时间序列为例,讨论了在不同时间序列长度下各种延迟时间算法对噪声的适用性.研究发现,采用C_C算法计算延迟时间的鲁棒性强.在此基础上,给出了垂直上升管中气水两相流电导波动信号混沌表征结果,发现在较低水相表观速度时,随着气相表观速度增加,泡状流及混状流动力学特性变得愈加复杂,而段塞流动力学特性受液相表观速度影响较大;在较高水相表观速度时,随着气相表观速度增加,当流型从泡状流向段塞流转变时,气液两相流动力学特性变得相对简单.但是,由于受液相湍流作用影响,段塞流的动力学特性表现出了涨落现象,呈现不稳定性,当流型从段塞流向混状流转变时,气液两相流动力学特性则变得愈加复杂.研究结果表明：基于电导波动信号的混沌分析可以较好地表征气液两相流流型变化,是理解流型转变机理及其动力学演变特性的有用工具.     

小波多尺度熵在新疆跨断层形变资料中的应用

跨断层形变资料的信息提取与分析是地震研究的重要内容之一。文中以小波分析和信息熵理论为基础,提出了能够反映局部数据信息有序度大小的小波多尺度熵信息提取方法。研究了新疆天山地区跨断层定点形变观测资料强震前小波多尺度熵的变化特征,并应用多元线性回归方法分析了减熵异常与地震三要素之间的关系。结果表明:跨断层形变速率的相对高频成分携带的信息量大于中低频成分,大多数强震前小波多尺度熵有低值异常出现,累计减熵量的对数与震级、异常起始至发震的时间具有显著的线性关系,表现为震级越大,异常起始至发震的时间越长,累计减熵量越大,多个测点整体熵值的减少与大范围的地壳运动及地震活跃期存在一定程度的关联性     

Daubechies多尺度小波分析技术及其在漠河盆地断裂带划分中的应用

在位场数据处理及解释中,断裂的提取至关重要,因此,如何更有效提取边界信息,压制数据中的噪声成为解释人员重点研究目标.本文通过讨论用于识别重力断裂构造模型的导数方法与Daubechies小波分析方法在信号分析过程中的异同,证明了这两种方法在断裂识别中的有效性.提出将这两种断裂识别方法相结合进行断裂识别的新方法.通过对漠河盆地高精度重力剖面测线数据使用经典断裂反演方法和Daubechies多尺度小波分析相结合的方法划分出10条断裂构造,并在漠河盆地中依据平面重力异常利用上述方法识别出四组断裂构造,详细分析了由剖面数据及平面数据获得的各个断裂的构造特征.通过在漠河盆地高精度实测数据中的应用,多尺度小波分析与经典方法相结合的断裂构造识别方法可有效的避免单用经典方法时产生的多个离散点的影响及对断裂位置划分的干扰.该方法可明显去除一些不收敛的反演点位,使断裂图的清晰度得到大幅度提高.     

磁暴数据的多尺度分析

磁暴可能对电网、油气管线等技术系统的安全运行造成影响,分析磁暴的时频特征对研究技术系统的影响有重要意义.本研究采用多尺度小波变换,分析广东肇庆地磁台的磁暴地磁数据,将磁暴地磁分量数据分解为高频和低频,研究了磁暴地磁分量的时域特征,得到了一些有价值的结论.     

基于多尺度卷积神经网络的结构损伤识别研究

为了利用结构振动响应的时间多尺度特征来提升卷积神经网络识别结构损伤的能力,给出了两种用于结构损伤识别的多尺度卷积神经网络,即多尺度输入和多尺度卷积核卷积神经网络.对于多尺度输入卷积神经网络,将通过下采样和滑动平均获取的具有不同时间尺度特征的振动信号输入固定尺寸卷积核的分支卷积神经网络;对于多尺度卷积核卷积神经网络,则将...     

基于多尺度模型的空间Y型拱桥抗震性能分析

对建造在高烈度区大跨度桥梁,其抗震安全性分析是桥梁设计中重要环节,特别是对结构复杂的异形空间桥梁体系。杆系模型计算效率较高,但不能反映关键构件局部受力和变形;局部构件的边界条件确定困难,而且难以准确模拟荷载传递过程,不能满足实际工程需要,而多尺度模型为兼顾计算精度和效率提供了可能。本文基于多尺度模型和杆系模型的方法,对大跨度空间Y型拱桥的动力特性进行分析,验证了桥梁多尺度建模方法的精确性与可靠性;在此基础上,开展大跨度空间Y型拱桥结构地震反应分析,探讨了大跨度拱桥地震响应规律以及关键构件局部受力和变形特征,对其抗震性能进行合理评估。     

地震活动空间分布不均匀性的多尺度分析

利用空间尺度显著性分析方法,本文讨论了中国大陆东、西部地区、台湾地区以及新西兰地区地震活动的空间分布特征.结果显示,地震活动具有多尺度空间成丛分布与随机分布特征.在不同空间带宽情况下,处于板块边缘的台湾、新西兰地区地震活动空间分布规律性较好,而中国大陆地区则规律性较弱.文中还讨论了窗宽的选择对人们认识地震活动空间分布特征的影响.     

中国重力异常的小波变换与多尺度分析

阐述了小波变换及多尺度分析方法的原理,利用二维小波多尺度分析方法对中国布格重力异常进行了分解,并从其中划分出有意义的剩余异常．模型结果证明方法有效．由于本文方法可以将重力异常分解成各种几何尺度意义下的不同成分,这为重力解释和研究地壳的结构提供更多更新的依据．     

Multi-scale entropy analysis of Mississippi River flow

Multi-scale entropy (MSE) analysis was applied to the long-term (131 years) daily flow rates (Q) of the Mississippi River (MR) to investigate possible change in the complexity of the MR system due to human activities since 1940s. Unlike traditional entropy-based method that calculates entropy at only one single scale, the MSE analysis provided entropies over multiple time scales and thus accounts for multi-scale structures embedded in time series. It is found that the sample entropy (S _E) for Q of the MR and its two components, overland flow (OF) and base flow (BF), generally increase as time scale increases. More importantly, it is found that there have been entropy decreases in Q, OF, and BF over large time scales. In other words, the MR may have been losing its complexity since 1940s. We explain that the possible loss in the complexity of the MR system may be due to the major changes in land use and land cover and soil conservation practices in the MR basin since 1940s.     

Multi-scale modeling of three-phase–three-component processes in heterogeneous porous media

Flow and transport processes in porous media occur on different spatial and temporal scales and may also be locally different. Additionally, the structure of the porous medium itself generally shows a high dependence on the spatial scale.     

Multi-scale analysis for transport of fine settling particles through an ice-covered channel in a laminar flow condition

The current research deals with the dispersion of fine settling particles in a fluid flowing through an icecovered channel under the laminar flow condition. An analytical solution of the two-dimensional convection-diffusion equation, based on the multi-scale homogenization technique, is obtained. To validate the current study, analytical results for the dispersion coefficient are compared with the available earlier research work. Moreover, the proposed analytical solutions for mean concentration...     

The transition of flow patterns through critical stagnation points in two-dimensional groundwater flow

A flow pattern is characterized by aquifer features and the number, type, and distribution of stagnation points (locations where the discharge is zero). This article identifies a condition for transition of flow patterns in two-dimensional groundwater flow obeying Darcy’s law by examining changes in stagnation points, using the Taylor series expansion of the discharge vector. It is found that the three standard types of stagnation points (minimums, maximums, and saddle points) are completely characterized by the first-order term containing the discharge gradient tensor. However, when the determinant of the tensor becomes zero, stagnation points of other types characterized by higher-order terms come into existence. In this article, we call these zero-determinant stagnation points as critical stagnation points; they may emerge suddenly, split to a set of new stagnation points, or disappear from the flow, resulting in transitions of flow patterns. Examples of both transient and steady flows are used to illustrate the usefulness and significance of critical stagnation points.     

Uncertainty analysis of flow velocity estimation by a simplified entropy model

The velocity field in a river flow cross‐sectional area can be determined by applying entropy as done in 1978 by Chiu, who developed a two‐dimensional model of flow velocity based on the knowledge of maximum velocity, u_max, and the dimensionless entropic parameter, characteristic of the river site. This is appealing in the context of discharge monitoring, particularly for high floods, considering that u_max occurs in the upper portion of flow area and can be easily sampled, unlike velocity in the lower portion of flow area. The simplified form of Chiu's entropy‐based velocity model, proposed in 2004 by Moramarco et al., has been found to be reasonably accurate for determining mean flow velocity along each vertical sampled in the flow area, but no uncertainty analysis has been reported for this simplified entropy‐based velocity model. This study, therefore, performed uncertainty analysis of the simplified model following a procedure proposed by Misirli et al. in 2003. The flow velocity measurements at the Rosciano River section along the Chiascio River, central Italy, carried out for a period spanning 20 years were used for this purpose. Results showed that the simplified entropy velocity model was able to provide satisfactory estimates of velocity profiles in the whole flow area and the 95% confidence bands for the computed estimated mean vertical velocity were quite representative of observed values. In addition, using these 95% confidence bands, it was possible to have an indication of the uncertainty in the determination of mean cross‐sectional flow velocity as well. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Numerical simulation of groundwater flow patterns using flux as upper boundary

Since the 1960s, most of the studies on groundwater flow systems by analytical and numerical modelling have been based on given‐head upper boundaries. The disadvantage of the given‐head approach is that the recharge into and discharge from a basin vary with changes in hydraulic conductivity and/or basin geometry. Consequently, flow patterns simulated with given‐head boundaries but with different hydraulic conductivities and/or basin geometry may not reflect the effects of these variables. We conducted, therefore, numerical simulations of groundwater flow in theoretical drainage basins using flux as the upper boundary and realistically positioned fluid‐potential sinks while changing the infiltration intensity, hydraulic conductivities, and geometric configuration of the basin. The simulated results demonstrate that these variables are dominant factors controlling the flow pattern in a laterally closed drainage basin. The ratio of infiltration intensity to hydraulic conductivity (R_ic) has been shown to be an integrated pattern‐parameter in a basin with a given geometric configuration and possible fluid‐potential‐sink distribution. Successively, the changes in flow patterns induced by stepwise reductions in R_ic are identical, regardless of whether the reductions are due to a decrease in infiltration intensity or an increase in hydraulic conductivity. The calculated examples show five sequential flow patterns containing (i) only local, (ii) local–intermediate, (iii) local–intermediate–regional, (iv) local–regional, and (v) just regional flow systems. The R_ic was found to determine also whether a particular sink is active or not as a site of discharge. Flux upper boundary is preferable for numerical simulation when discussing the flow patterns affected by a change of infiltration, the hydraulic conductivity, or the geometry of a basin. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Environmental flow assessment in a lake-marsh system with reverse seasonal hydrological patterns

Environmental flow (e-flow) assessment is essential for the ecological protection and restoration of lake-marsh systems. Previous studies on e-flow assessment for lake-marsh systems focused on lake-marsh systems with natural seasonal hydrological patterns (i.e., low water level in winter and high water level in summer). However, they have not considered lake-marsh systems with reverse seasonal hydrological patterns (i.e., high water level in winter and low water level in summer). The reverse seasonal hydrological patterns impose seriously negative impacts on waterbirds, because the hydrological patterns could lead to limited plant germination in spring and massive plant death in summer, leaving few plants available as food for waterbirds in winter, and could consequently reduce the sheltering and forageable areas for waterbirds. This study took Hongze Lake Wetland National Nature Reserve in China as the study area. Based on the habitat requirements of waterbirds, the sheltering and forageable areas for waterbirds under different water-depth and aquatic plant distribution scenarios were calculated. By exploring the impacts of reverse seasonal hydrological processes on waterbird habitats, we determined the necessary e-flows for lake-marsh systems with reverse seasonal hydrological patterns to meet the needs of waterbird habitat. The results showed that the water level of Hongze Lake should be controlled to 13.0–13.1 m in March, 12.5–12.6 m in July, and 12.9–13.0 m in October, which can meet the needs of waterbirds for both shelter and foraging.     

Nonequilibrium effects in models of three-phase flow in porous media

In this paper we extend to three-phase flow the nonequilibrium formalism proposed by Barenblatt and co-workers for two-phase porous media flow. The underlying idea is to include nonequilibrium effects by introducing a pair of effective water and gas saturations, which are linked to the actual saturations by a local evolution equation. We illustrate and analyze how nonequilibrium effects lead to qualitative and quantitative differences in the solution of the three-phase flow equations.     

Multi-physics modeling of flow and transport in porous media using a downscaling approach

Multi-phase flow and transport processes generally occur on different spatial and temporal scales. Very often also, within a physical system, they vary in space meaning that different kinds of processes might take place in different parts of the system. In order to account for the variety of processes and to take their scale-dependence into account, the development of multi-scale multi-physics techniques can be envisaged.