基于无人船测量系统的水下地形测量研究与应用

随着测深技术、GNSS技术、高精密传感器集成化的发展,无人船测量系统为水下地形测量提供了新的思路。结合山东省高密市王吴水库,探讨了无人船水下地形测量的作业流程,通过对比分析,选择最优测线间距获取数据,通过差值分析进行精度评价,数据处理后对成果进行展示。研究区结果表明,无人船测量系统基于单波束测深在中型水库中的应用是十分理想的,测深数据质量较好,能够很好地反映库区的水下地形情况,无人船测量系统在水下地形测量中起着重要作用。     

基于无人机倾斜摄影技术的三维地形辅助测量方法研究

针对现有三维地形辅助测量结果的平面坐标中误差、高程坐标中误差、高度中误差、长度中误差大,导致测量精度低的问题,引入无人机倾斜摄影技术,开展对三维地形辅助测量方法的设计研究。基于无人机倾斜摄影技术,结合测区大小及测量准确性需要,布设外业像控点,多角度获取测区影像数据,最后完成多视影像密集匹配。通过对比实验证明,该方法各项中误差明显降低,测量精度较高。     

海洋基础库同步更新系统设计与实现

研究矢量匹配、多尺度海洋数据集成、同步更新技术和更新冲突处理规则与方法等关键技术,设计浙江省海洋基础空间要素数据库更新系统,实现了岛(礁)、滩涂、水下地形三个独立的海洋数据库与海洋基础库的同步更新,提高了海洋基础空间数据的应用服务能力。     

基于PyQt5的水深比对检测系统在水下地形测量检查中的应用

水下地形测量质量检查主要通过布设一定数量的检查线,通过比对检查线和主测线相交处一定范围的测点水深差值来衡量,还需检查主测线长度、检查线长度、各深度区间中误差、不符值比例等参数信息。主测线数据和检查线数据量一般都比较大,单纯依靠人工对比计算难以高效、准确实现。目前Python语言以其简洁易用、可扩展行强的优点逐渐成为主流编程语言。PyQt5是Python中一个广泛使用的GUI工具包,可方便构建图形用户程序。本文针对水下地形测量质量检查检测数据量大、检查参数多的特点,利用Python语言,基于PyQt5设计开发了一套水深比对检测系统,在山东省水库水下地形测量质量检查中得到了实际应用,取得了较好的效果。     

海岛(礁)、滩涂和水下地形矢量数据融合方法研究与实现

海岛(礁)、滩涂和水下地形DLG数据库是重要的测绘成果,为开展海洋综合调查工作提供了数据基础。然而,现有的三库测绘成果是分阶段采集的,数据精度和数据模型不一致,且存在大量重复采集的情况,最终成果也是分库存储的,这使其无法进行统一管理和更新。为此,本文对多源海洋基础空间要素数据的融合方法进行了研究,首先采用矢量数据匹配技术获取对应实体,然后通过本文提出的属性融合技术和基于中误差与对应点的几何信息融合技术对三库DLG数据进行融合,以实现三库数据的属性共享、几何精度的改进和数据冗余的减少。最后,我们还基于.NET和Arc GIS Engine组件开发了海洋基础空间要素数据融合系统,用于浙江省海岛(礁)、滩涂和水下地形基础空间要素数据的融合。     

基于GNSS的单波束测深系统在大中型水库水下地形测量中的应用

随着水库在经济社会发展中所起的作用日趋明显,对水库的开发、治理更加重视,获取高精度的水库水下地形数据变得更加急迫.随着测深技术、差分GNSS技术以及姿态传感器的不断发展,基于GNSS的测深系统为水下地形测量提供了全新的解决方案.通过合理规划测线,经过声速改正、吃水改正,利用船载GNSS导航定位和测深仪采集测深数据,经转...     

DEM与区域土壤侵蚀地形因子研究

地形是影响地表径流和土壤侵蚀的重要因素,坡度等指标是流域水文和土壤侵蚀预报的重要变量.DEM在区域土壤侵蚀中应用研究主要包括:如何实现对侵蚀区地形的表达,使之能准确、科学和有效地表达地形形态和侵蚀沟道网络结构;在多种尺度上,用什么指标实现表征地形对土壤侵蚀发生过程的影响;用什么方法提取或者处理地形因子,如何建立地形因子与土壤侵蚀关系.引入新的DEM理念和算法,应用高精度地形测量数据和数字地形图,改进DEM质量,考虑尺度效应并将已有地形因子研究与区域土壤侵蚀模型研究结合,是今后的主要研究方向.     

ASTER GDEM垂直精度评价及其在重力地形改正中的适用性

利用重力剖面的GPS数据对ASTER GDEM模型进行垂直精度评估,并对其在重力地形改正中的适用性进行讨论。结果表明,ASTER GDEM模型在贵阳-维西和金川-犍为两个重力剖面中,与实测GPS高程相比标准差分别为14.93 m和18.02 m,模型起伏与实测数据具有较好的一致性。在小比例尺中、远区及大比例尺远区重力地形改正中,ASTER GDEM模型数据的适用性较好。     

苏里格气田西区S47区块石盒子组八段沉积微相

鄂尔多斯盆地苏里格气田是我国陆上产能最大的气田,其主力产气层——二叠纪石盒子群八段岩性致密,储层的分布主要受沉积微相控制。但S47区块作为苏里格气田西区一个重要的新区,有关沉积微相的认识仍存在分歧。在岩心观察、钻井资料及样品分析的基础上,重点研究了S47区块盒8段沉积微相,认为该区盒8段属辫状河三角洲前缘沉积,并识别出水下分流河道、河口坝、席状砂、水下天然堤、分流间湾等5种微相;最有利的储集砂体主要为水下分流河道叠置砂体,其次为河口坝砂体。沉积微相及其展布特征的新认识为该区储层预测、水平井整体开发提供了地质理论依据。     

浅水辫状河三角洲前缘沉积特征及储层砂体预测——以黄骅坳陷埕北低断阶沙二段为例

黄骅坳陷埕北低断阶沙河街组二段(简称沙二段)主要发育岩性油藏,储层砂体空间展布及控制因素认识程度较低。根据岩心观察、测井解释和地震属性数据,以及岩心物性化验数据和地震反演结果,结合研究区沉积背景及地理环境,确定研究区沉积特征和有利沉积微相,预测储层砂体。结果表明:沙二段处于断陷湖盆向坳陷湖盆转换时期,且埕北低断阶地形呈"多陡多缓、陡缓相间"格局,造成沙二段早期同时发育辫状河三角洲前缘和水下扇沉积,中期以浅水辫状河三角洲前缘亚相为主,晚期主要发育深湖相;沉积微相主要有水下分流河道、河口坝、前缘席状砂、支流间湾。受物源迁移、湖平面波动、地形差异及水动力条件不稳定等因素的影响,研究区沉积微相具有发育程度不一、微相形态各异、砂泥岩结构多变、垂向相序缺失等特点。水下分流河道和前缘席状砂发育规模较大,砂体储集物性较优;河口坝砂体发育程度较低;水下扇局部发育有利储层砂体。埕北低断阶沙二段中期浅水辫状河三角洲前缘亚相发育程度最高,主力砂体主要集中于研究区中东部,砂体叠合程度高,在近物源构造高部位砂体尖灭程度低,为储层砂体发育的有利区域。     

Thermohaline structure inhomogeneity associated with polynia at the northern margin of Emery Ice-shelf

Based on the hydrographic data in austral summer during the 22nd Antarctic Expedition of China(2005/2006),some features can be found about the northern margin of Emery ice shelf as follows.The heat content in the surface layer(0-50 m) at the eastern end and the western end of the ice-shelf margin is much higher than that at the middle.The upper mixing-layer depth and the seasonal thermocline depth at the middle of the ice-shelf northern margin are much shallower than those at the both ends.However there is much less difference between the middle and the ends in the bottom layer.The remote sensing photos show that the inhomogeneity in the surface-layer water is closely related to the spatial distribution of the floes and polynia in the area.     

Phylogenetic analysis of cultivable bacteria isolated from Arctic sea-ice

Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rDNA of 8 strains of cultivable bacteria isolated from Arctic sea-ice was studied.The results showed that strain BJ1 belonged to genus Planococcus,which was a genus of low mole percent G C gram-positive bacteria;strain BJ6 belonged to genus Burkholderia of β-proteobacteria and the rest 6 strain all belonged to γ-proteobacteria,of which strain BJ8 was a species of Pseudoalteromonas,strain BJ2-BJ5 and BJ7 were members of genus Psychrobacter.Phylogenetic analysis also indicated that bacteria of genus Psychrobacter of the isolates formed a relatively independent phylogenetic cluster in comparison with other bacteria belonged to genus Psychrobacter.     

Information for authors

正1 Aims and Scope Advances in Polar Science(APS)is an international,peer-reviewed journal jointly sponsored by the Polar Research Institute of China and the Chinese Arctic and Antarctic Administration.APS is a comprchensive academic journal dedicated to presentation of multi-disciplinary achievements in Arctic and Antarctic expeditions and research.Its primary purpose is to publish achievements in fundamental research,applied     

Advances in Polar Science CONTENTS(Volume 25,2014)

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Guide to Authors： Journal of Mountain Science

<正>AIMS AND SCOPE(Editorial Policy)The Journal of Mountain Science(JMS)is devoted to mountains and their surrounding lowlands-ecoregions of particular global importance,with a particular emphasis on the important highlands/mountains in the world,such as the Tibetan Plateau,the Himalayas,the Alps,the Andes,the Rockies and many other mountain ranges of our planet.     

Journal of Mountain Science(JMS)

<正>The Journal of Mountain Science(JMS),founded in2004,is an international English-language journal on mountain sciences.JMS is supervised by the Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS),sponsored by the Chengdu Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment,CAS,published by Science Press China,and distributed by Springer exclusively throughout the world(excluding Mainland China).The JMS is published bimonthly,fulltexted in SpringerLink and CNKI,indexed/abstracted by     

Influence of livestock soil eutrophication on floral composition in the Pyrenees mountains

Livestock behaviour in the Pyrenees includes free grazing and a long resting period that provokes the accumulation of dung and urine in some places,so-called camping areas. The aims of this study were （i） to analyze any change in floral composition,and in nutritional and chemical contents of plants in a livestock camping area; and （ii） to relate the floral composition with soil chemical properties. In a linear transect,five sampling zones were established,from the centre of the camping area to the surrounding Nardus stricta-dominant pasture. The above ground plant biomass and the topsoil were sampled in each zone with 6 replicates per zone. Plant species were classified and weighed to calculate above ground biomass,nutritional and chemical contents,and Shannon diversity and evenness indices. Additionally,soils were sampled in two periods,at the beginning and at the end of grazing period. Soil available nutrients （nitrate,ammonium,phosphorus,potassium,calcium and magnesium）,total nitrogen,organic carbon and pH were measured.
Plant chemical contents （protein,lignin and others） were significantly related to the proportions of grasses,legumes and other plants; so,the protein content is positively correlated with legumes plant biomass while lignin content is negatively correlated with grasses. Both plant and soil nutrients increased linearly towards the centre of the camping area. However,the relationship among plant species richness,diversity and evenness relative to its position along the studied transect was bell-shaped. From the outskirts to the centre of the camping area,plants with low nutrient demand were progressively replaced by those with medium and high nutrients demand and by pioneers.
Nardus stricta-dominant pasture has low plant diversity and plant nutrient content as well as a poor soil nutrient availability. The presence of the camping area introduced patches with more soil nutrients and new species in the large spatial scale. However at a small spatial scale,the strong soil nutrien     

General Table of Contents(Vol.11,2014)

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介绍GPS定位中的几个概念

文章概略介绍了利用卫星进行定位的原理 ;由卫星信号传播、信号接收和SA政策等引起的理论误差 ;给出了多种快速、高精度定位的工作模式和观测点选择的原则 ;列出了将WGS - 84坐标转换为我国坐标的公式及解算参数的具体方法 ,供读者在GPS工作中参考。