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1.
中国大陆东部新构造期北西向断裂带的初步探讨   总被引:14,自引:0,他引:14  
前人对中国大陆东部新构造期 (N—Q)活动的北东向断裂 (带 )已有很多研究。笔者根据地震构造、新构造和火山活动等资料并结合Pn波速结构研究结果 ,分析了该区新构造期的北西向活动断裂 ,初步得出 :北西向断裂具有成带性 ,可分 7条北西向断裂带 ;它们有鲜明的新生性 ;均为地壳构造带 ;与北东向断裂带呈共轭关系 ,是在先存构造基础上于新构造应力场作用下正在发育的一套地壳共轭剪切破裂系统。  相似文献   

2.
唐渊  刘俊来 《岩石学报》2010,26(6):1925-1937
青藏高原隆升、周边地貌形成是新生代时期印度-欧亚板块碰撞后的重要响应。在滇西北地区发育了一系列由晚新生代(上新世以来)活动断裂所控制的盆地,例如宾川盆地、洱海盆地、鹤庆盆地、弥渡盆地等。宾川盆地是近南北向程海左行走滑断裂在走滑剪切作用下产生的北西向正断层和北东向走滑断层共同作用而形成的一个较大的拉分盆地。洱海盆地是由两组陡立的共轭张剪性(Transtensional)断层组限定的,为一伸展断陷盆地,总体上反映了近E-W向的区域伸展。滇西北地区发育的其它晚新生代盆地,如弥渡盆地、鹤庆盆地、剑川盆地等,也为区域走滑断裂及其分支断裂所控制,并且这些分支断裂在区域上为一组NE-SW和NW-SE向的共轭正断裂,反映了该区域近E-W向的伸展。将藏东南三江地区发育的活动断裂按照其走向分为三组:(1)NW-SE走向的断裂,如红河断裂、无量山-营盘山断裂等;(2)近N-S向断裂系,以程海断裂、小江断裂等为代表;(3)NE-SW走向的断裂,如丽江-剑川断裂、鹤庆-洱源断裂和南定河断裂等。这些断裂的震源机制解表明地震断裂活动性或者是走滑性质或者是伸展属性,它们的组合型式也揭示出藏东南三江地区在上新世以来表现为近E-W向的伸展。区域上,在藏东北部地区发育的断层构造组合普遍反映了以近E-W向挤压为主导的应力场。推测这一现象为上新世以来藏东地区上地壳围绕喜马拉雅东构造结做顺时针旋转所致,区域上受印度-欧亚会聚过程中印度板块顺时针旋转诱发的差异性应力场制约。  相似文献   

3.
Transpression occurs in response to oblique convergence across a deformation zone in intraplate regions and plate boundaries. The Korean Peninsula is located at an intraplate region of the eastern Eurasian Plate and has been deformed under the ENE–WSW maximum horizontal compression since the late Pliocene. In this study, we analyzed short-term instrumental seismic (focal mechanism) and long-term paleoseismic (Quaternary fault outcrop) data to decipher the neotectonic crustal deformation pattern in the southeastern Korean Peninsula. Available (paleo-)seismic data acquired from an NNE–SSW trending deformation zone between the Yangsan and Ulleung fault zones indicate spatial partitioning of crustal deformation by NNW–SSE to NNE–SSW striking reverse faults and NNE–SSW striking strike-slip faults, supporting a strike-slip partitioned transpression model. The instantaneous and finite neotectonic strains, estimated from the focal mechanism and Quaternary outcrop data, respectively, show discrepancies in their axes, which can be attributed to the switching between extensional and intermediate axes of finite strain during the accumulation of wrench-dominated transpression. Notably, some major faults, including the Yangsan and Ulsan fault zones, are relatively misoriented to slip under the current stress condition but, paradoxically, have more (paleo-)seismic records indicating their role in accommodating the neotectonic transpressional strain. We propose that fluids, heat flow, and lithospheric structure are potential factors affecting the reactivation of the relatively misoriented major faults. Our findings provide insights into the accommodation pattern of strain associated with the neotectonic crustal extrusion in an intraplate region of the eastern Eurasian Plate in response to the collision of the Indian Plate and the subduction of the Pacific/Philippine Sea Plates.  相似文献   

4.
《Geodinamica Acta》1999,12(5):303-319
The South Iceland Seismic Zone (SISZ) is located at the junction of three rift segments in southwestern Iceland. The presence of different types of faulting and of differently orientated subgroups in Upper Pliocene to Holocene formations indicate polyphase tectonism. We measured 736 minor faults at 25 sites. Two types of relationships between stress regimes are represented. The first type, named IDS (inhomogeneous data set), is characterized by the presence of two types of fault mechanisms, normal and strike-slip, consistent with a single direction of extension. The second type, named OSR (opposite stress regimes), is characterized by the presence of perpendicular directions of extensions for a single type (normal or strike-slip) of faulting. Because of contradictory chronological criteria, we infer that the OSR alternated during the brittle tectonic activity of the SISZ. Two stress regimes, primary and secondary, are characterized by directions of extension NW-SE and NE-SW, respectively. The general fracture pattern characterized for the primary stress regime in the SISZ includes NNE-SSW trending right-lateral strike-slip faults, conjugate ENE-WSW trending left-lateral faults and NE-SW normal faults. This distribution is quite consistent with a Riedeltype model of fault pattern in a left-lateral shear zone. The stress states characterized based on analysis of both the earthquake focal mechanisms and the recent faulting show great similarity in terms of stress directions. The main difference is the larger ratio of strike-slip motions representing 71 % of the total population in the case of earthquake focal mechanisms, whereas for the whole set of faults the proportion of strike-slip faulting was 50 %. We explain that a temporal evolution of the tectonic regime in the SISZ region, accompanied by a gradual change in stress field, starts with rift-type pure extension and progressively leads to development of preferentially strike-slip structures in the kinematic context of leftlateral transform motion.  相似文献   

5.
Abstract

The South Iceland Seismic Zone (SISZ) is located at the junction of three rift segments in southwestern Iceland. The presence of different types of faulting and of differently orientated subgroups in Upper Pliocene to Holocene formations indicate polyphase tectonism. We measured 736 minor faults at 25 sites. Two types of relationships between stress regimes are represented. The first type, named IDS (inhomogeneous data set), is characterized by the presence of two types of fault mechanisms, normal and strike-slip, consistent with a single direction of extension. The second type, named OSR (opposite stress regimes), is characterized by the presence of perpendicular directions of extensions for a single type (normal or strike-slip) of faulting. Because of contradictory chronological criteria, we infer that the OSR alternated during the brittle tectonic activity of the SISZ. Two stress regimes, primary and secondary, are characterized by directions of extension NW-SE and NE-SW, respectively. The general fracture pattern characterized for the primary stress regime in the SISZ includes NNE-SSW trending right-lateral strike-slip faults, conjugate ENE-WSW trending left-lateral faults and NE-SW normal faults. This distribution is quite consistent with a Riedel- type model of fault pattern in a left-lateral shear zone. The stress states characterized based on analysis of both the earthquake focal mechanisms and the recent faulting sow great similarity in terms of stress directions. The main difference is the larger ratio of strike-slip motions representing 71% of the total population in the case of earthquake focal mechanisms, whereas for the whole set of faults the proportion of strike-slip faulting was 50 %. We explain that a témpora evolution of the tectonic regime in the SISZ region, accompanied by a gradual change in stress field, starts with rift-type pure extension and progressively leads to development of preferentially strike-slip structures in the kinematic context of left- lateral transform motion. © Elsevier, Paris  相似文献   

6.
Re-examination of the outcrop of conjugate of strike-slip faults mapped by Roday et al. (1989) near forest rest house at Hirapur reveals that the main dextral strike-slip fault that strikes N35°E and is a manifestation of the earliest NE-SW trending subhorizontal σ1 that produced extensional reef system in the Bundelkhand massif. Although the change in the stress system though 90° rotation of the principal compressive stress σ1 and σ3 (with σ2 maintaining near vertically) is correct, another point of interest is that the σ1 for the system of faults bisects the obtuse angle between the two sets and not an acute one as required by the brittle failure criterion. The sinistral strike-slip faults were probably formed by rejuvenation of the initial dextral strike-slip faults that were generated when the maximum principal compressive stress was oriented NS. The reversal of fault displacement is seen on all scales in the Bundelkhand massif. The dextral strike-slip fault related to the late stress system was preferentially produced along pre-existing tensile fractures that were generated under NE-SW directed subhorizontal σ1. Some of these fractures were converted into sinistral strike-slip faults under NS directed maximum principal compression acting subhorizontally.  相似文献   

7.
福建漳州盆地活动断裂研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1       下载免费PDF全文
本文从形态学和运动学的角度,确定并系统地研究了二十条主要活动断裂。北西向断裂以正-左行走滑型为主,北东向断裂以右行走滑-逆断层为主,两组断裂构成活动断裂网络。用 C14年龄数据计算得到了最近5990—1870年以来,各取样点地壳平均升降速率的变化范围是+3.53mm/a 至-0.65mm/a。用布仑法求得的九龙江活动断裂现代平均滑动速率是1.7mm/a。更新世至现代构造应力场的最大主压应力是以缓倾角、走向为 NW290°左右为特征的。350m 深处最大主压应力是700—760bar。两组断裂交汇形成的高渗透率带,对形成对流型中、低温热水型热田是十分有利的。此外,对该区的地震活动性亦进行了讨论。  相似文献   

8.
《Geodinamica Acta》2003,16(2-6):131-147
Combining fieldwork and surface data, we have reconstructed the Cenozoic structural and tectonic evolution of the Northern Bresse. Analysis of drainage network geometry allowed to detect three major fault zones trending NE–SW, E–W and NW–SE, and smooth folds with NNE trending axes, all corroborated with shallow well data in the graben and fieldwork on edges. Cenozoic paleostress succession was determined through fault slip and calcite twin inversions, taking into account data of relative chronology. A N–S major compression, attributed to the Pyrenean orogenesis, has activated strike-slip faults trending NNE along the western edge and NE–SW in the graben. After a transitional minor E–W trending extension, the Oligocene WNW extension has structured the graben by a collapse along NNE to NE–SW normal faults. A local NNW extension closes this phase. The Alpine collision has led to an ENE compression at Early Miocene. The following WNW trending major compression has generated shallow deformation in Bresse, but no deformation along the western edge. The calculation of potential reactivation of pre-existing faults enables to propose a structural sketch map for this event, with a NE–SW trending transfer fault zone, inactivity of the NNE edge faults, and possibly large wavelength folding, which could explain the deposit agency and repartition of Miocene to Quaternary deformation.  相似文献   

9.
Recent studies, focused on dihedral angles and intersection processes, have increased understandings of conjugate fault mechanisms. We present new 3-D seismic data and microstructural core analysis in a case study of a large conjugate strike-slip fault system from the intracratonic Tarim Basin, NW China. Within our study area, "X" type NE and NW trending faults occur within CambrianOrdovician carbonates. The dihedral angles of these conjugate faults have narrow ranges, 19° to 62° in the Cambrian and 26° to 51° in the Ordovician, and their modes are 42° and 44° respectively. These data are significantly different from the ~60° predicted by the Coulomb fracture criterion. It is concluded that:(1) The dihedral angles of the conjugate faults were not controlled by confining pressure, which was low and associated with shallow burial;(2) As dihedral angles were not controlled by pressure they can be used to determine the shortening direction during faulting;(3) Sequential slip may have played an important role in forming conjugate fault intersections;(4) The conjugate fault system of the Tarim basin initiated as rhombic joints; these subsequently developed into sequentially active "X" type conjugate faults; followed by preferential development of the NW-trending faults; then reactivation of the NE trending faults. This intact rhombic conjugate fault system presents new insights into mechanisms of dihedral angle development, with particular relevance to intracratonic basins.  相似文献   

10.
断裂体系发育特征是辽东湾坳陷东部地区新生代构造演化的重要表现形式,运用丰富的三维地震资料,详细刻画了 研究区断裂体系平面和剖面特征。断裂体系特征分析表明: 研究区古新世-渐新世的断裂体系主要由NNE向的拉张正断层组 成;渐新世时期的断裂体系则表现出走滑断裂的性质,主干断裂附近出现走滑效应产生的增压区和释压区,同时发育似花 状构造和多级“y”字型构造,次级断裂多表现为雁列状的NEE向断裂;新近纪时期断裂体系仍以雁列状断裂为主,发育 共轭状剪切破裂以及“背形负花”状构造。断裂体系的研究明确了研究区新生代走滑构造系统与伸展构造系统的叠加改造 过程,结合研究区构造动力学背景,将辽东湾坳陷东部地区的构造演化阶段划分为古新世-始新世的弱走滑强拉张期、渐 新世的弱拉张强走滑期以及新近纪的弱挤压弱走滑期。  相似文献   

11.
Large NE–SW oriented asymmetric inversion anticlines bounded on their southeastern sides by reverse faults affect the exposed Mesozoic and Cenozoic sedimentary rocks of the Maghara area (northern Sinai). Seismic data indicate an earlier Jurassic rifting phase and surface structures indicate Late Cretaceous-Early Tertiary inversion phase. The geometry of the early extensional fault system clearly affected the sense of slip of the inverted faults and the geometry of the inversion anticlines. Rift-parallel fault segments were reactivated by reverse slip whereas rift-oblique fault segments were reactivated as oblique-slip faults or lateral/oblique ramps. New syn-inversion faults include two short conjugate strike-slip sets dissecting the forelimbs of inversion anticlines and the inverted faults as well as a set of transverse normal faults dissecting the backlimbs. Small anticline–syncline fold pairs ornamenting the steep flanks of the inversion anticlines are located at the transfer zones between en echelon segments of the inverted faults.  相似文献   

12.

含油气盆地走滑构造及其控藏作用研究可以揭示研究区构造特征、形成演化过程, 深化油气成藏条件和油气富集规律认识, 对于指导油气勘探部署具有重要意义。基于地震与钻井资料的解释与分析, 运用断层相干体切片等三维地震精细解释、复杂构造分析等技术, 对在Termit盆地东缘Trakes斜坡首次发现的走滑构造几何学、演化过程、成因机制及其控藏作用进行了研究。研究结果表明, Termit盆地东缘Trakes斜坡发育系列走滑断层, 其主走滑带走向为北北西-南南东和北西-南东向, 其雁列断层(T破裂)走向近南北, 呈右旋右阶排列; 走滑构造性质以张扭性为主, 少量为压扭性, 其剖面样式以负花状构造与Y型断裂为主, 少量直立断层, 局部发育正花状构造; 上述走滑构造是早期先存正断层受后期剪切作用的结果, 主走滑变形阶段为古近纪始新世-渐新世; 新生代以来欧亚板块与非洲板块碰撞, 其累积效应在非洲板块内部形成了近南北向挤压应力, 由于挤压应力在非洲板块北部边界的不均衡性, 造成西北非陆块与东北非陆块发生差异运动, 这种差异运动导致Trakes斜坡早期发育的早白垩世正断层发生张扭性走滑变形。在该系列走滑断层带内, 形成一系列古近系Sokor1组和Sokor2组以及上白垩统Yogou组反向断块圈闭, 其主走滑位移带构成油气垂向运移通道, 有利于上白垩统烃源岩生成油气向上运移、在浅层聚集与成藏。

  相似文献   

13.
里德尔剪切是走滑带的典型构造样式,但近年来发现的很多剪断裂带中的剪断裂组合样式与经典里德尔剪切不同。在这些剪断裂带中,剪断裂的排列方式与两盘位移方向性质相同,即左阶左行或右阶右行,被称为同阶行剪断裂,其叠合部位具有离散性质。基于库伦破裂准则,认为这些剪断裂带是在双剪切带夹持的断夹块上发育的。在双剪切作用下,最大主应力迹线方向上将产生2组共轭势剪破裂,在递进变形过程中,与最大剪应力(主走滑方向)成小锐夹角的剪破裂将优先得到发展,而与最大剪应力成大锐夹角的剪破裂将受到抑制而被限制在前者之间,形成一种不同于经典里德尔剪切组合样式的新型剪断裂带。这种类型的剪断裂带发育离散型叠合带,对成藏成矿具有重要意义。  相似文献   

14.
白乃庙金矿床控矿构造解析   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
白乃调金矿区的节理包括东西向剖面共轭剪切节理,北东-北西向平面共轭剪切节理,北北东向剖面共轭剪切节理。与之相应的断层有近东西向逆断层,北东向和北西向的平移断导以及北北东向的斜冲断层。此外,北东向断层的低序次构造亦呈北北东走向,但其性质为平移断层。东西向、北东和北西向断裂形成于南北向挤压构造应力场。它们控制了主要含金石英脉展布。其中,26号主矿脉就位于北东向平移双断裂-白乃庙断裂的北北东向低序次平移  相似文献   

15.
湖南锡田锡钨多金属矿床成矿构造特征及其找矿意义   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
锡田矿床内发育近SN向花岗岩穹窿伸展构造、NE向复式褶皱和NE或NEE向走滑伸展构造系统。穹窿构造主要由印支期和燕山期侵入的花岗岩和古生代地层及不连续的环形滑脱断层组成,控制燕山期花岗岩与围岩接触带矽卡岩型矿体的分布;复式褶皱为古生代地层组成的NE向复式向斜,在矿区中部被锡田复式花岗岩体切割。严塘复式向斜与小田复式向斜中的背斜核部,尤其断层叠加的部位常控制一些构造破碎带型钨锡富矿体的分布。NE向或NEE向走滑伸展构造系统包括NE向右行(伸展)走滑断层、NE向或近EW向右行次级的走滑伸展断层、近SN向左行走滑断层和NW向伸展断层,控制了锡田矿区内的不同方向构造蚀变岩型、石英脉型和云英岩脉型锡钨多金属矿床的分布。花岗岩锆石U-Pb、白云母40Ar-39Ar和辉钼矿Re-Os同位素测年表明锡田地区燕山期构造活动、岩浆作用与成矿响应时间非常接近,介于150~160Ma。岩体与地层(灰岩)接触带、岩体中的NEE向断裂带以及被NE向断裂叠加的背斜轴部是重要的成矿区域,可作为下一步矿产勘查工作重要靶区。  相似文献   

16.
Field investigations reveal spatial variations in fault zone width along strike-slip active faults of the Arima–Takatsuki Tectonic Line (ATTL) and the Rokko–Awaji Fault Zone (RAFZ) of southwest Japan, which together form a left-stepping geometric pattern. The fault zones are composed of damage zones dominated by fractured host rocks, non-foliated and foliated cataclasites, and a fault core zone that consists of cataclastic rocks including fault gouge and fault breccia. The fault damage zones of the ATTL are characterized by subsidiary faults and fractures that are asymmetrically developed on each side of the main fault. The width of the damage zone varies along faults developed within granitic rocks of the ATTL and RAFZ, from ∼50 to ∼1000 m. In contrast, the width of the damage zone within rhyolitic tuff on the northwestern side of the ATTL varies from ∼30 to ∼100 m. The fault core zone is generally concentrated in a narrow zone of ∼0.5–∼5 m in width, consisting mainly of pulverized cataclastic rocks that lack the primary cohesion of the host rocks, including a narrow zone of fault gouge (<0.5 m) and fault-breccia zones either side of the fault. The present results indicate that spatial variations in the width of damage zone and the asymmetric distribution of damage zones across the studied strike-slip faults are mainly caused by local concentrations in compressive stress within an overstep area between left-stepping strike-slip faults of the ATTL and RAFZ. The findings demonstrate that fault zone structures and the spatial distribution in the width of damage zone are strongly affected by the geometric patterns of strike-slip faults.  相似文献   

17.
松辽盆地东缘中生代断裂构造十分发育。在对松辽盆地东缘营城组详细野外地质调查基础上,较系统刻画了断裂的性质、产状和时空分布规律,将研究区中生代断裂活动划分出海西晚期[CD1]印支期、营城期、营城末期和晚白垩世晚期4期。依据营城组火山口的分布规律首次识别出营城期隐伏断裂,该断裂控制了营城组火山岩的形成和分布。在研究区发现了营城期南北向断裂,为与徐家围子地区庆深气田营城组中的南北向断裂对比提供了重要依据。营城期本区处于近东西向伸展断陷和挤压逆冲相互交替的构造应力场中,营城末期受佳木斯-伊通和四平-哈尔滨两条左旋走滑断裂的强烈影响,形成北东-南西向的构造应力场,控制了北东向基性岩脉的侵入和大量北东向、北西向走滑断层的形成。认为研究区与徐家围子地区营城期及营城末期断裂具有明显的可比性,为庆深气田火山岩储层分布规律预测奠定了构造基础。  相似文献   

18.
The tectonic effects of the Thulean mantle plume on the opening of the North Atlantic Ocean is still poorly understood. An analysis of the brittle deformation affecting the Late Cretaceous Chalk and Lower Tertiary igneous formations cropping out in Ulster (Northern Ireland), part of the Thulean Province, leads to the recognition of two tectonic phases. Each of these phases is characterized by different stress regimes with similar trends of the horizontal maximum principal stress σH. The first phase, syn-magmatic and dominated by NE–SW to ENE–WSW extension, occurred during the Palaeocene. It is followed by a second post-magmatic phase, characterized initially by a probably Eocene strike-slip to compressional palaeo-stress regime with σ1 (=σH) trending NE–SW to NNE–SSW associated with the partial reactivation (as reverse faults) of normal faults formed during the first phase NE–SW extension. This episode is postdated by an Oligocene extension, with σH (=σ2) still striking NNE–SSW/NE–SW, which reactivated Eocene strike-slip faults as nearly vertical dip-slip normal faults. This Palaeogene tectonic evolution is consistent with the tectonic evolution of similar age in western Scotland and in the Faeroe Islands. In particular, the post-magmatic NE–SW compression is here related to the ‘Faeroe compressive event’, which is related to the earliest stages of drift of the Greenland plate.  相似文献   

19.
大梁子铅锌矿是川西南矿集区典型的大型矿床之一, 矿床(体)的空间展布严格受F15主控断裂及其次级构造控制, 它们为成矿流体运移和矿质沉淀提供了有利场所。针对该矿床成矿构造体系、F15主控断裂及其控矿作用的核心问题, 应用矿田地质力学理论与方法, 通过主控断裂几何学、运动学、力学、构造岩、构造期次等方面的解析, 结合地球化学研究, 认为F15主控断裂在成矿期具有导矿和容矿的特征, 主走滑-断褶构造组合样式(负花状构造)是该矿床的主要构造组合样式。F15主控断裂主要表现出2期构造活动: 早期(印支中晚期—燕山早期)因NW—SE向主压应力作用, 形成右行扭张-张扭性构造, 晚期(燕山中—晚期)因NE—SW向主压应力作用, 断层转化为左行扭性-扭压性, 右行扭张-张扭性及派生出的一系列NWW—NW向张性断裂、NE向压扭性断裂及NE向SW倾伏主背斜组合而成的NE向构造带, 为主要成矿构造体系。与铅锌成矿有关的Zn-Pb-Cd-Sb-Hg-Ag-As等元素组合和与深部流体有关的Mo-Tl等成矿元素组合均表现为明显富集现象; 成矿流体沿F15导矿构造"贯入", 沿次级NWW—NW向断裂和NE向SW倾伏主背斜、层间断裂构造系统发生"贯入"-交代作用, 形成矿床。该研究不仅对大梁子铅锌矿深部及外围找矿具有实际意义, 对于川西南铅锌多金属矿集区构造控矿规律研究也具有科学价值。  相似文献   

20.
构造因素分析是成矿过程分析的基本要素之一。本文通过对各古构造层中发育的共轭剪节理和褶皱测量统计,恢复了本区白垩纪以来的各期古构造应力场,发现各期古构造应力场的中间主应力轴均为近水平状态,其中建德期最大主压应力方向为NW向,衢江期最大主压应力方向为NNE向,始新世–渐新世期最大主压应力方向为近EW向。指出本区球川–萧山断裂等NE向区域大断裂构造开启的期次,决定了成矿期次,开启的时间决定了铀矿形成的年龄,其开启时序明显受古构造应力场发展演化控制。建德期晚期,随着NW向挤压应力场转为应力松弛状态,区域大断裂处于开启状态,火山喷发期后的深部含矿流体沿区域大断裂向上运移,形成了本区早期铀成矿(125~115 Ma),衢江期NNE向挤压构造应力场使本区区域大断裂再次开启,带来了深部成矿流体,形成了第二期铀成矿(90~70.2 Ma),两期铀成矿叠加最终形成了本区的铀矿化定位。  相似文献   

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