西昌─滇中地区前震旦纪细碧一角斑岩系特征,成因及产出环境

西昌一滇中地区前震旦纪细碧一角斑岩系为早元古代(17-20亿年)产物。主要产 出于大红山群和河口群。区域构造上大体分布于安宁河一易门深断裂的两侧，呈零星出露。其化 学成分的显著特点是Na2O含量高((6-8%)，而且富铁((Fe2O3 + FeO>10% ) ,Ti02的含量亦较高。根据岩石中残留有岩浆岩特有的结构、岩石组合、Sr同位素及87Sr/86Sr比值，认为岩石是由富钠的岩浆直接结晶而成。根据火山一沉积组合和野外标志，岩石是在半深海相环境中喷发和沉积的。     

云南茂租铅锌矿床闪锌矿Rb-Sr同位素组成与地质意义

茂租铅锌矿床位于云南省东北部,赋存于上震旦统灯影组白云岩中,矿体主要呈似层状和脉状,矿石主要由闪锌矿、方铅矿、黄铁矿和方解石等组成。应用TIMS对选自茂租铅锌矿床主成矿期的5件闪锌矿单矿物进行了Rb-Sr同位素组成分析。结果显示,全部闪锌矿样品的Rb含量较低(0.05×10-6~0.18×10-6),Sr含量亦不高(0.33×10-6~10.02×10-6),87Rb/86Sr值变化范围较小,为0.052~0.850,87Sr/86Sr值较高,变化范围为0.7117~0.7210。虽然本次分析结果未获得理想的Rb-Sr等时线年龄,但根据年龄(200 Ma)校正后的87Sr/86Sr值(0.7106~0.7186),具有示踪成矿流体/物质来源的重要意义。与赋矿灯影组白云岩、区域寒武—二叠系沉积岩、峨眉山玄武岩和元古代基底岩石(昆阳群、会理群等)的87Sr/86Sr200 Ma值相比,茂租闪锌矿87Sr/86Sr值明显高于除基底岩石外的其它地质体,表明茂租铅锌矿床成矿流体可能来源或流经了基底岩石,并与来源或流经盖层岩石的流体发生了混合。结合前人资料,本文认为流体混合作用是导致茂租铅锌矿床形成的重要机制,加强流体运移途径的研究,对寻找新的矿体具有重要的理论指导意义。     

赣南中生代橄榄玄粗岩系列厘定的地质证据

本文对赣南会昌地区赣州群茅店组底部的中基性火山岩的矿物岩石-地球化学进行了系统研究对比。根据岩石具高K_2O/Na_2O值(>1.0)、Na_2O+K_2O(>5％)含量、氧化系数(O_x>0.5),低TiO_2含量(<1％)、SiO_2饱和度(CIPW标准矿物Q<3％),贫铁,以及富集亲石元素(Rb、Sr、Ba、Th等)和轻稀土元素等特征,结合岩石基质中存在大量钾长石微晶、斜长石斑晶具钾长石环边及偶见橄榄石斑晶等矿物学特点,确定会昌地区火山岩属橄榄安粗岩系,岩石为橄榄玄粗岩-安粗岩-粗面岩组合。采用Rb-Sr等时线法厘定火山岩的同位素年龄为108Ma。首次证实在华南板块内部存在中生代橄榄玄粗岩系。     

挥发份对高硅岩浆演化趋势的制约:以东南沿海白垩纪晚期花岗岩类岩石为例SCIEI北大核心CSCD

东南沿海分布大面积的白垩纪晚期侵入岩。这些岩石可分为两期:其中115~100Ma以钙碱性系列岩石为主,岩石组合为辉长岩-闪长岩-花岗闪长岩-二长花岗岩-碱性长石花岗岩;而100~86Ma的岩石为碱性系列,岩石组合为石英二长斑岩-正长斑岩-碱性长石花岗岩。115~100Ma的辉长岩以角闪辉长岩为主,具有极高的CaO、MgO和Al_(2)O_(3)含量,具有极低的SiO_(2)(42.9%~53.8%)、全碱(K_(2)O+Na_(2)O:0.86%~5.28%)、Ba、Nb、Th、Rb和Zr含量,也具有极低的FeO^(T)/MgO、La/Yb和Zr/Hf比值,较高的Eu/Eu^(*)、Sr/Y比值和Sr含量,为基性-超基性堆晶岩。与辉长岩同期的闪长岩和细粒暗色包体具有较高的SiO_(2)(50.34%~63.68%),较低的CaO、P_(2)O_(5)、MgO、Al_(2)O_(3)含量,相对低的Eu/Eu^(*)和Sr/Y比值,变化较大的La/Yb和Zr/Hf比值,代表了从基性岩浆储库中抽取的富硅熔体。115~100Ma的花岗闪长岩和二长花岗岩类岩石为准铝质岩石,SiO_(2)含量变化较大(61.7%~75.3%),具有较低的FeO^(T)/MgO、Ga/Al比值和Nb、Zr及Nb+Zr+Ce+Y元素含量,显示出典型I型花岗岩的特征。这些花岗岩具有相对高的La/Yb、Eu/Eu^(*)和Zr/Hf比值和高的Sr、Ba和Zr含量。结合岩相学特征,这些花岗岩为堆晶花岗岩。而115~100Ma的碱性长石花岗岩具有极高的SiO_(2)含量(大于75%),低的Eu/Eu^(*)、La/Yb、Zr/Hf和Sr/Y比值,具有低的Ba、Sr和Zr含量和高的Rb、Nb、Y和Th含量和Rb/Sr比值,表明这些花岗岩是由富硅岩浆储库中抽离的高硅熔体侵入地壳形成。100~86Ma期间形成的二长斑岩和正长斑岩具有极高的全碱含量,可以达到8%~12%,其SiO_(2)主要集中在60%~70%,具有极高的Zr、Sr和Ba含量和Eu/Eu^(*)、La/Yb和Sr/Y比值,显示出堆晶花岗岩的特征。而100~86Ma期间形成的大部分碱性长石花岗岩具有极高的SiO_(2)含量(大于75%),并显示出A型花岗岩的特征,具有高的Rb/Sr比值和高的Rb、Y和Th和低的Ba、Sr含量和低的Zr/Hf、La/Yb、Eu/Eu^(*)和Sr/Y比值,表明它们是由富硅岩浆储库抽离的高硅熔体侵入浅部地壳形成。东南沿海高硅花岗岩的形成和穿地壳岩浆系统密切相关,高硅花岗岩是由浅部地壳内晶体-熔体分异产生的熔体侵入地壳所形成,而高硅花岗岩的地球化学特征与岩浆储库的水及挥发份含量密切相关。115~100Ma期间,从富水的岩浆储库抽离的熔体形成具有低高场强元素含量和低Rb/Sr比值的高硅花岗岩,这一过程与古太平洋板块俯冲有关;100~86Ma期间,从富挥发份的岩浆储库抽离的熔体形成碱性特征、富含高场强元素和具有高的Rb/Sr比值的高硅花岗岩,这一过程和古太平洋板块回撤软流圈上涌有关。     

日本岩石标准样品的~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr比值和铷、锶含量的测定

本文报导了对12个日本“火成岩系列”岩石标准样品的~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr比值和Rb、Sr含量的测定结果。Rb、Sr含量采用同位素稀释法测定,~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr比值单独取样经分离后由质谱计直接测量。对NBS-987和NBS-607标准样品~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr单次测定的分析精度和重复分析的再现性均好于0.03％,NBS-607中Rb、Sr含量测定结果与证书值的最大偏差小于0.6％。直接测定日本“火成岩系列”岩石标样的~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr,与同位素稀释法测定的结果吻合,用不同浓度的稀释剂在不同仪器上测定的Rb、Sr含量在实验误差范围内一致,表明测定的结果可靠。     

沂沭断裂带中生代青山群火山岩地球化学特征及其岩石成因

以沂沭断裂带安丘地区中生代青山群火山岩为研究对象,在进行系统的元素-同位素分析的基础上,探讨其岩浆源区和岩石成因。安丘火山岩SiO2含量变化于56.5%~65.8%,主要为高钾钙碱性系列岩石,岩石组合为英安岩和粗面安山岩;安丘火山岩富集大离子亲石元素和轻稀土元素,亏损高场强元素,显示富集但变化范围较大的Sr-Nd同位素组成((~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr)t=0.708 7~0.710 7,εNd(t)=-13.7~-5.93)。综合分析表明,安丘火山岩为大陆下地壳物质经拆沉作用于地幔环境中发生部分熔融作用,与上地幔岩石发生交代作用后进入地表形成,且其源区中可能有软流圈物质的加入。     

山东西部中生代青山群火山岩的地球化学特征及其岩石成因

以山东西部西董地区中生代青山群火山岩为研究对象,在进行系统的元素-同位素分析的基础上,探讨其岩浆源区和岩石成因,同时丰富该区域岩石地层的地球化学特征。西董青山群火山岩Si O2含量变化于52.8%~59.8%之间,主要为钙碱性系列岩石,岩石组合为玄武质粗面安山岩-玄武质安山岩-粗面安山岩,Mg O、TFe2O3、Mn O、Ti O2、Ca O与Si O2具有明显的负相关关系,Al2O3和Na2O与Si O2具有正相关关系;微量元素富集Rb、Ba、Th、U和K等大离子亲石元素,亏损Nb、Ta和Ti等高场强元素,稀土元素总量∑REE变化范围为100×10-6~187×10-6,(La/Yb)N比值范围为8.2~11.1,无明显的Eu异常(δEu=0.9~1.02);显示富集且均一的Sr-Nd同位素组成((87Sr/86Sr)t=0.7047~0.7050,εNd(t)=-16.5~-14.2)。西董青山群火山岩的Nd、Sr同位素组成与Si O2缺乏明显负相关关系,Nb/Ta与La/Nb之间不具有负相关关系以及Nb与Th之间具有正相关关系,指示岩浆在上升和演化过程中地壳混染作用对青山群火山岩岩浆化学组成的影响并不显著;火山岩Mg O含量明显高于玄武岩部分熔融形成的熔体,说明青山群中基性火山岩岩浆的形成过程可能与大陆地壳和地幔岩系之间的相互作用有关。综合分析表明,西董中生代青山群火山岩是大陆下地壳物质经拆沉作用于地幔环境中发生部分熔融,与上地幔岩石发生交代作用后进入地表形成。     

青海南部治多县扎河一带上三叠统巴塘群火山岩特征及其构造环境

巴塘群火山岩主要由基性玄武岩-中性安山岩-流纹岩组成,构成一套从基性到中性到酸性的岩石组合,具较完全的演化序列。岩石化学表现为表现为低Ti O2(1%),高Al;稀土元素特征表现为轻稀土元素富集;在微量元素地球化学方面,表现为富集大离子亲石元素,亏损高场强元素,εNd(t)变化在-0.3~2.9之间,εSr(t)变化在14.4~39.2之间,表现为弧火山岩特征,为拉竹龙-金沙江洋盆(或甘孜—理塘洋)向南消减的产物。     

腾冲—梁河间来利山紫苏花岗岩的特征及成因

岩石呈灰白色,似斑状结构。含石英20％,钾长石40％,斜长石25％,黑云母7％,角闪石7％,紫苏辉石和透辉石1-5％。紫苏辉石呈浑圆状、港湾状,常包含于中长石中,也见产于紫苏闪长岩残块中。明显的侵入关系,典型的粒状镶嵌结构,很高的熔融包体均一温度(950℃),斑晶石英被熔蚀,钾长石无序,斜长石正环带构造发育,出现高温石英(六方双锥晶),投在Na—k—Ca图解的岩浆成因区间,均表明该岩石为岩浆结晶产物。落入A—C—F图解的S型花岗岩区间和Sr—Nd图解的中上地壳区间,微量元素贫Cr、Ni、Co,TREE、(~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr)。及δ~(18)O较高,均显示该岩石为壳型花岗岩。根据紫苏辉石的有关测试数据和经验统计,确定紫苏辉石为变质成因。因此,来利山紫苏花岗岩应为地壳深处紫苏麻粒岩重熔岩浆产物,紫苏辉石为难熔残余矿物。     

特提斯喜马拉雅马拉山花岗岩的年代学、地球化学特征及成因机制

马拉山花岗岩位于特提斯喜马拉雅的西部,其主要矿物组成为石英、钾长石、白云母和黑云母。锆石LA-MC-ICP-MS U-Pb定年表明,花岗岩的发育记录了(28.0±0.5)Ma和(18.4±0.3)Ma两期深熔作用,(18.4±0.3)Ma代表了最终的结晶时间。全岩地球化学分析结果显示,样品具有高的SiO_2(72.36%~72.51%)、Al_2O_3(15.22%~15.37%)和CaO(1.64%~1.66%)含量,高的K_2O/Na_2O值(0.97-1.05)和A/CNK值(1.15-1.20),显示高钾钙碱性过铝质的特征;岩石富集Rb、Th、U和K,亏损Ba、Nb、Sr和Zr、Eu负异常不明显(δEu=0.80~0.89),轻重稀土分馏较强[(La/Yb)_N=7.09~19.68]。马拉山花岗岩具有较低的Rb/Sr值(0.90-1.10)和较高的CaO/Na_2O值(0.44~0.46),指示岩浆源区物质成分可能以页岩为主;样品(~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr)_i和ε_(Nd)(t)分别为0.742 522~0.744 097和-14.5~-13.7,与大喜马拉雅结晶杂岩中变质沉积岩成分一致,表明其来自变质沉积岩的部分熔融。岩石具有较低的(~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr);和较高的Sr含量,且随着Ba含量的增加,Rb/Sr值基本不变,表明马拉山花岗岩是水致白云母部分熔融的产物,部分熔融可能与南北向裂谷的东西向伸展关系密切。     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

HYDROGEOLOGY

正20141756 Chen Ruige(Mathematical College,China University of Geosciences,Beijing100083,China);Zhou Xun Numerical Simulation of Groundwater Level Fluctuation in a Coastal Confined Aquifer with Sloping Initial Groundwater Level Induced by the Tide(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(7),2013,p.1099-1104,6 illus.,16 refs.) Key words:confined water,groundwater level     

METAMORPHIC PETROLOGY

正20141408 Cai Jia(Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing100037,China);Liu Fulai Petrogenesis and Metamorphic P-T Conditions of Garnet-Spinel-Biotitebearing Paragneiss in Danangou Area,Daqingshan-Wulashan Metamorphic Complex Belt(Acta Petrologica Sinica,ISSN1000-0569,CN11-1922/P,29(7),     

SERIALS

正~~     

GEOPHYSICAL EXPLORATION

正20142386An Guoying(China Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Sensing Center for Land and Resources,Beijing 100083,China)Application of Satellite Remote Sensing in Regional Hydrogeological Investigation:Taking Cenozoic Strata in Wenquan Sheet(1∶250 000)of Karakoram Range as an Example(Geosci-     

QUATERNARY GEOLOGY & GEOMORPHOLOGY

正20141016An Chengbang(Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems,Ministry of Education,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China);Zhao Yongtao Lake Records during the Last Glacial Maximum from Xinjiang,NW China and Their Climatic Impli-     

PETROLEUM GEOLOGY

正20141538 Cao Qing(School of Earth Sciences and Engineering,Xi’an Petroleum University,Xi’an 710065,China);Zhao Jingzhou Characteristics and Significance of Fluid Inclusions from Majiagou Formation,Yichuan Huangling Area,Ordos Basin(Advances in Earth Science,ISSN1001-8166,CN62-1091/P,28(7),2013,p.819-828,7 illus.,3 tables,43 refs.)     

GEOCHEMISTRY

正20142002 Wei Hualing(Institute of Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Langfang065000,China);Zhou Guohua Element Content and Mineral Compositions in Different Sizes of Soil in Tongling Area,Anhui Province(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(11),2013,p.1861