A Reconstruction for the Late Paleozoic Tectonic Evolution of the Tekes Daban Area, Western Tianshan Mountains: Evidence from Unconformities

The identification of unconformities is the key to reconstructing tectonic evolution, revealing crust movement and establishing tectonic cycle. For a long time, there were some controversial issues on the episodes of Variscan cycle (especially on the period of Carboniferous-Permian stages) of the Tianshan area. The essential questions fall on the numbers and property of unconformities in this area, for example, in the western Tianshan area. Previous research only recognized three or four fold movements. Detailed regional geological mapping of 1:50000 in the Tekes Daban area, western Tianshan have allowed us to characterize the seven unconformities within the Carboniferous-Permian strata and understand its implications for tectonic reconstruction of the Tianshan orogen. Seven angular unconformities, which indicate that seven tectonic episodes occurred in the Late Paleozoic Period, were identified in this area. Therein, the newly discovered unconformities based on the angle-unconformity between the Dongtujinhe and Keguqinshan Formations, and angle-unconformity between the Wulansayi and Wulang Formations, respectively indicates the Tekes episode and Gongliu episode. The unconformity between the Dongtujinhe and Yishijilike Formations is angle-unconformity instead of parallel unconformity indentified by previous research, so the former Bogda ascending can be revised as Bogda movement. Therefore, these newly identified seven episodes, including the Tekes episode, suggest that there are seven tectonic movements in the Tianshan area at least. This has significant implications for reconstruction of the Late Paleozoic tectonics in the Tianshan Area, NW China     

东天山晚古生代埃达克岩成因及铜金成矿意义

东天山晚古生代岛弧带位于古亚洲洋成矿域的腹地,该区发育许多埃达克质的英云闪长岩、斜长花岗岩和花岗闪长岩小侵入体,本文选择尾亚北、三岔口、312国道东、312国道西、土屋-延东和巴仑台等小岩体进行了地球化学研究。这些岩石具有高Sr、Na2O和Al2O3,低Y和HREE等特征,与埃达克岩地球化学特征一致。绝大部分样品的￡。（T）为正值（＋1．80～＋8．47）,且（^87St／^86Sr）．很低（0．7026～0．7051）,与现代MORB以及新生代俯冲洋壳熔融形成的埃达克岩的Nd和Sr同位素组成接近。东天山大部分埃达克质岩石具有高Mg^#（〉40）特点,且它们形成于晚古生代岛弧构造背景,暗示这些埃达克岩可能由俯冲洋壳熔融产生,并经历了与地幔楔橄榄岩的相互作用;三岔口英云闪长斑岩具有低Mg^#（〈40）,且形成于碰撞后构造背景,可能是增厚下地壳熔融的产物。土屋-延东与埃达克岩有关的超大型斑岩铜矿的发现和突破使得东天山成为寻找斑岩铜金矿的重要靶区,本文新发现的埃达克岩无疑为在该区进一步寻找相关的矿床提供了有用的线索。特别是大部分埃达克岩由俯冲洋壳熔融产生,暗示其源区含有高丰度的Cu、Au和挥发份H2O、Cl等,且其岩浆可能在角闪岩相向榴辉岩相转变时产生,此时角闪石大规模分解有利于产生含丰富挥发份和成矿元素的埃达克质岩浆,暗示良好的成矿条件和成矿潜力．     

新疆博格达构造带晚古生代构造格局与演化过程探讨

文章综合分析了前人的成果资料,在对博格达地区野外地质实地调查基础上,通过对博格达构造带的岩石学、地层学及沉积学的系统的研究,认为博格达山经历了早石炭世初始裂谷、晚石炭世成熟裂谷、早二叠世造山、早二叠世晚期后造山演化四个阶段。     

乌拉特中旗克布岩体的地球化学特征及SHRIMP定年：早二叠世华北克拉通底侵作用的证据

乌拉特中旗克布岩体位于内蒙古中西部,属于华北克拉通北缘中段.克布岩体具有埃达克岩的特征：SiO2=57.66～66.94%（＞56%）,Al2O3=16.81～18.47%（＞15%）,MgO=1.33～3.28%（＜3%）;Y=7.25～13.46×10^-6（≤18×10^-6）,Yb=0.72～1.42×10^-6（≤1.9×10^-6）,Sr=540.4～655×10-6（＞400×10^-6）;高场强元素（HFSEs,如Nb、Ta、Ti、Zr）含量低,LRRE富集（La/Yb=12.11～28.56）,Eu为弱负异常至正异常（δEu＊=0.95～1.09）.高Sr/Y（48.66～74.57）、La/Yb以及中等Mg#（38.72～46.16）、K2O（1.11～2.17）近似于壳源埃达克岩.克布岩体具有低εNd（t）（=-15.1）,高（^87Sr/^86Sr）i（=0.7073）,也表明了它们的源岩来自大陆下地壳,明显不同于板片熔融来源的埃达克岩同位素特征,而与中国东部的埃达克质岩近似.与华北克拉通晚侏罗世下地壳拆沉作用形成的埃达克岩相比,克布岩体具有低的过渡金属元素含量.克布岩体可能为玄武质液体底侵,导致变厚的下地壳基底部分熔融而形成.克布岩体中锆石的SHRIMP U-Pb锆石年龄为291±4 Ma,表明早二叠世初期华北克拉通下的底侵作用已经存在.     

新疆博格达造山带晚古生代构造-岩浆演化过程:火山岩组合及地球化学证据

最近,笔者在博格达山东段北部的西地-伊齐-小红柳峡一带的地质调查中发现,该区发育有大量晚石炭世柳树沟组双峰式火山岩及早二叠世卡拉岗组酸性火山岩建造,但双峰式火山岩性质及成因有别于其南侧七角井早石炭世双峰式火山岩。玄武岩富钠贫钾(K_2O=0.18%～0.45%,Na_2O=2.24%～3.63%),属拉斑系列;TiO_2=1.6%～1.7%,略高于MORB,较高的Al(Al_2O_3=16.2%～16.7%)、高Mg(MgO=8.12%～9.54%,Mg~#=61～64),以及低K_2O/TiO_2和K_2O/P_2O_5比值(分别为0.1～0.27、0.63～1.68),反映了在岩浆演化过程中分离结晶作用不明显;Rb/Sr比值0.01～0.02,Zr/Nb=21.6～39.7,Zr/Y=5.38～7.47,以及不相容元素Ba、Zr、Hf相对略富集、Nb-Ta和Th相对亏损,显示岩石具有板内玄武岩的特点;稀土元素球粒陨石标准化配分图上整体接近于平坦型,(La/Yb)_N=1.8～1.9,Eu无异常至轻微正异常(δEu=1.07～1.12),正ε_(Nd)(t)值(+5.63～+5.89),(~(143)Nd/~(144)Nd)_I=0.512927～0.512944,Th/Yb0.2,Ta/Yb=0.1,表明玄武岩浆源于亏损软流圈地幔,且在演化过程中不曾发生过斜长石的分离结晶作用,并暗示当时的大陆地壳可能由于拉张而变得较薄,玄武岩浆形成后快速上升至地表喷发。双峰式火山岩中的流纹岩Rb-Sr等时线年龄为296±2Ma(1σ),具高Si(SiO_2=76%～80%),富钾贫钠(K_2O=5.1%～5.7%,Na_2O=0.94%～2.03%);低Al(Al_2O_3=7.9%～10.4%);低Ti、Ca和P含量,属高钾钙碱性系列;微量元素Rb、Th、Zr、Hf、K相对富集,Ba、Sr、P、Ti、Nb、Ta为显著亏损;轻稀土元素适度富集且轻、重稀土分馏程度低,(La/Yb)_N=5.1～7.1,(La/Sm)_N=2、(Gd/Yb)_N=1.6～2.2,以及强烈的负Eu异常(δEu=0.17～0.2),(~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr)_I=0.7051～0.7052,δ~(18)O=11.6‰,指示岩石源于地壳物质的部分熔融,源区存在有斜长石残留,形成于大陆裂谷环境。早二叠世末流纹岩(Rb-sr等时线年龄为278±2Ma)具高Si(SiO_2=74%),富钾贫钠(K_2O/Na_2O2),低Al(Al_2O_3=11.0%)以及较低的Ti和P含量的特征,岩石为高钾钙碱性系列;微量元素PM标准化图解上表现为Rb、Ba、Th、U、K、La、Ce不相容元素相对富集,高场强元素Nb、Ta、P、Ti以及Sr为明显的负异常;轻稀土轻度富集,(La/Yb)_N=5～6,(La/Sm)_N=3,(Gd/Yb)_N=1.3～1.4,以及强烈的负Eu异常(δEu=0.31～0.39),(~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr)_I为0.7069,δ~(18)O=11.97‰,指示源于地壳物质部分熔融的产物,形成于伸展垮塌的构造环境。综合研究结果表明,博格达山前身裂谷岩浆作用始于早石炭世,结束于晚石炭世末期,早二叠世末进入后造山伸展的演化阶段。     

新疆西天山伊犁地块晚古生代火山岩地质特征及构造意义

对新疆西天山伊犁盆地晚古生代火山岩时空分布和地质特征、岩石化学等进行系统总结,认为该盆地晚古生代火山岩主要由晚泥盆世至早二叠世的火山岩组成,其形成与南北天山洋盆演化有关.晚泥盆—早石炭世大哈拉军山组火山岩为天山南北洋盆大洋板块俯冲而成的钙碱性火山岩,晚石炭世伊什基里克组火山岩为挤压环境向拉张环境过渡的钙碱性火山岩和碱性火山岩,早二叠世乌郎组火山岩为后造山具裂谷特征的双峰式火山岩组合.     

新疆博格达山晚古生代地层的形成时代、物源及其演化:碎屑锆石U-Pb年代学证据

新疆博格达山主体由石炭系海相火山—沉积岩系组成, 以发育两期双峰式火山岩, 但不发育花岗岩为特征, 对其晚古生代地层时代的划分和演化争议较大.本文重点对博格达山北部两个晚古生代砂岩进行了碎屑锆石U-Pb年代学分析, 重新标定博格达山地区晚古生代地层的形成时代; 利用物源区的演化, 约束晚古生代构造演化.测年结果显示博格达上亚群砂岩的碎屑锆石表面年龄值分布范围较宽, 主峰年龄为343～284 Ma(80%), 次峰年龄为386～375 Ma(3%)、503～441 Ma(7%)和871～735 Ma(10%); 芦草沟组砂岩的碎屑锆石表面年龄值非常集中, 主峰年龄为358～279 Ma(97%), 次峰年龄为257～251 Ma(约3%).博格达山中部原石炭纪博格达群上亚群与西部和南部下芨芨槽群相当, 应属于早二叠世, 中部—东部的石炭—二叠纪界线应在博格达下亚群—上亚群或居里得能组—沙雷塞尔克组之间的不整合面之中.博格达北部地区晚二叠世以南侧天山物源区供给为主, 反映出晚古生代期间博格达山地区至少存在晚石炭世末和中二叠世两期构造隆升.结合区域火山岩与火山碎屑岩的研究, 认为博格达山地区晚古生代主要经历4个演化阶段: 早石炭世弧后盆地裂解阶段、晚石炭世碰撞拼贴阶段、早二叠世碰撞后伸展阶段、中-晚二叠世再次隆升到稳定阶段.     

嫩江黑河构造带收缩与伸展——源自晚古生代花岗岩类的地球化学证据

黑龙江省嫩江至黑河一带发育大量的晚古生代花岗岩类岩石,同位素测年结果显示主要集中在3个时代:早石炭世、晚石炭世和早二叠世。岩石类型从花岗闪长岩-二长花岗岩-正长花岗岩-碱长花岗岩等均有不同出露,石炭纪部分岩石遭受韧性剪切变质变形作用改造形成花岗质糜棱岩。岩石整体具有高硅、富钾钠特征;稀土元素总量偏高,铕负异常明显;微量元素具明显的大离子亲石元素(LILE)K、Rb、Th富集和高场强元素(HFSE)Nb、P、Ti亏损特征。其中石炭纪花岗岩类地球化学特征显示陆缘弧及同碰撞花岗岩特点,二叠纪花岗岩则表现后造山花岗岩特点。二者反映了由碰撞造山向板内后造山阶段转变的构造环境特点,也反映了嫩江-黑河构造带汇聚拼合与伸展的活动史。     

Late Paleozoic volcanic rocks of the Intra-Sudetic Basin, Bohemian Massif: petrological and geochemical characteristics

Late Paleozoic volcanic rocks in the Intra-Sudetic Basin of the Bohemian Massif in the Czech Republic can be subdivided into two series: (I) a minor bimodal trachyandesite-rhyolite series of Upper Carboniferous age with initial ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr of ca. 0.710 and ε_Nd values of −6.1 also characteristic of volcanics of the near Krkonoše Piedmont Basin (0.707 and −6.0, Ulrych et al., 2003) and (II) a major differentiated basaltic trachyandesite-trachyandesite-trachyte-rhyolite series of Lower Permian age with lower initial ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr of ca. 0.705-0.708 and ε_Nd values ranging from −2.7 to −3.4/−4.1/. The newly recognized volcanic rocks of trachytic composition indicate that the rocks were formed by magmatic differentiation of similar parental melts rather than constituting a bimodal mafic-felsic sequence from different sources. Both series are generally of subalkaline affinity and calc-alkaline character with some tholeiitic tint (FeO/MgO vs. SiO₂, presence of orthopyroxene). The magmatic activity occurred in cycles in a layered chamber, each starting primarily with felsic volcanics and ending with mafic ones. The mafic rocks represent mantle-melt(s) overprinted by crust during assimilation-fractional crystallization. The Sr-Nd isotopic data confirm a significant crustal component in the volcanic rocks that may have been inherited from the upper mantle source and/or from assimilation of older crust during magmatic underplating and shallow-level melt fractionation.     

Chronological Constraints on Late Paleozoic Collision in the Southwest Tianshan Orogenic Belt,China: Evidence from the Baleigong Granites

The Baleigong granites, located in the western part of the southwestern Tianshan Orogen(Kokshanyan region, China), records late Paleozoic magmatism during the late stages of convergence between the Tarim Block and the Central Tianshan Arc Terrane. We performed a detailed geochronological and geochemical study of the Baleigong granites to better constrain the nature of collisional processes in the Southwest Tianshan Orogen. The LA-ICP-MS U-Pb zircon isotopic analyses indicate that magmatism commenced in the early Permian(～282 Ma). The granite samples, which are characterized by high contents of SiO_2(67.68–69.77 wt%) and Al_2O_3(13.93–14.76 wt%), are alkali-rich and Mg-poor, corresponding to the high-K calc-alkaline series. The aluminum saturation index(A/CNK) ranges from 0.93 to 1.02, indicating a metaluminous to slightly peraluminous composition. Trace element geochemistry shows depletions in Nb, Ta, and Ti, a moderately negative Eu anomaly(δEu=0.40–0.56), enrichment in LREE, and depletion in HREE((La/Yb)_N=7.46–11.78). These geochemical signatures are characteristic of an I-type granite generated from partial melting of a magmatic arc. The I-type nature of the Baleigong granites is also supported by the main mafic minerals being Fe-rich calcic hornblende and biotite. We suggest that the high-K, calc-alkaline I-type granitic magmatism was generated by partial melting of the continental crust, possibly triggered by underplating by basaltic magma. These conditions were likely achieved in a collisional tectonic setting, thus supporting the suggestion that closure of the South Tianshan Ocean was completed prior to the Permian and was followed(in the late Paleozoic) by collision between the Tarim Block and the Central Tianshan Arc Terrane.     

海拉尔盆地基底晚古生代adakite的发现及其地质意义

海拉尔盆地的前中生代基底隶属中亚造山带东段的兴蒙造山带。 在盆地基底地层中发现了具有adakite成分特征的粗面安山岩、英安岩和闪长玢岩。 这些火成岩与晚古生代沉积地层交互或伴生, 共同构成晚中生代裂陷盆地的基底。 地球化学研究表明, 这些火成岩基本上属于高钾钙碱性和准铝质岩石系列, 具有高SiO₂和Al₂O₃含量, 高Sr、Sr/Y和La/Yb值, 富集轻稀土(LREE), 亏损重稀土(HREE)、Y和高场强元素(HFSE),Eu表现弱的负异常或轻微的正异常, 相容元素Mg、Cr和Ni含量低, 这些特征与增厚下地壳部分熔融成因的adakite非常相似, 而明显不同于典型的由俯冲洋壳熔融形成的adakite。 样品的(⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr)_i值基本一致,为0.7041, (¹⁴³Nd/¹⁴⁴Nd)_i值为0.51243~0.51247, ε_Nd (t)为正值(+3.7~+4.5), 显示其岩浆源区可能源于弱亏损地幔, 或亏损地幔受到地壳物质混染。 本文认为海拉尔地区晚古生代adakite型岩浆很可能是由当时新底侵的玄武质下地壳在角闪岩相向榴辉岩相过度或榴辉岩相条件下部分熔融形成。 这些adakite岩石的出现反映了兴蒙造山带晚古生代受到了古亚洲洋的俯冲消减引起的强烈的地幔玄武质岩浆底侵作用, 并由此导致地壳垂向上显著的增生加厚过程。     

新疆东天山多头山铁-铜矿区花岗岩类的年代学、地球化学、岩石成因及意义

多头山矿床是东天山阿奇山?雅满苏成矿带铁铜矿床的典型代表,矿床成因与区内岩浆岩有紧密联系。矿区出露的侵入岩主要有花岗斑岩、二长花岗岩、钾长花岗岩及英安玢岩。LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年代学研究获得花岗斑岩、二长花岗岩及英安玢岩的年龄分别为316.3±8.1 Ma、318.3±3.0 Ma和197.2±3.5 Ma。花岗斑岩A/CNK介于0.82~1.01之间,显示偏铝质特征,为Ⅰ型花岗岩;同时样品富集大离子亲石元素Th、U、Pb,亏损高场强元素Nb、Ta、Ti,显示弧岩浆特征。钠质蚀变导致了花岗斑岩显示出富Na、贫K、Rb、Ca、Sr的特征。钠化花岗斑岩Nb/Ta为12.4~16.0,具有较高的ε_(Nd)(t)(5.76~6.24)值和较低的I_(Sr)值(0.70353~0.70532),与安第斯中生代岩基地球化学特征相似,结合样品中出现古老锆石的捕掳晶,表明其源区为新生的下地壳,混合有少量幔源物质,并伴随有地壳混染。二长花岗岩与钠化花岗斑岩具有相近的形成年龄和相似的地球化学特征,如Nb/Ta比值(14.2),亏损高场强元素、富集大离子亲石元素,同为准铝质(A/CNK=0.97)弧岩浆,暗示它们可能具有相似的源区。而早侏罗世的英安玢岩具有高Sr(552×10~(-6))含量和较高的Sr/Y(73.6)比值,显示出钙碱性埃达克岩的特征,同时样品具有较高的K_2O(3.27%)含量、Mg~#指数(55),表明其来源于拆沉下地壳的熔融并混有少量幔源岩浆。综合区域研究资料、年代学、地球化学及同位素特征,我们认为多头山所在的阿奇山?雅满苏成矿带可能是晚古生代洋壳向南俯冲至中天山地块之下形成的大陆边缘弧。     

Isotopic Geochronology of the Late Paleozoic Kanggur Gold Deposit of East Tianshan Mountains, Xinjiang, NW China

Abstract: The Kanggur gold deposit lies in East Tianshan mountains, eastern section of Central Asia orogenic belt. The gold mineralization occurs on the northern margin of the Aqishan‐Yamansu Paleozoic island arc in the Tarim Plate. It was hosted mainly in Middle‐Lower Carboniferous calc‐alkaline volcanic rocks, and controlled by the distributions of syn‐tectonic intrusions and ductile shear zones. In order to determine ore‐forming age of the Kanggur deposit, samples were collected from ores, wall rocks, altered rocks and intrusions. The dating methods include Rb‐Sr isochron and Sm‐Nd isochron, and secondly ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar age spectrum, U‐Pb and Pb‐Pb methods. Based on the mineral assemblage and crosscutting relationship of ore veins, five mineralization stages are identified. This result is confirmed by isotope geochronologic data. The first stage featuring formation of pyrite‐bearing phyllic rock, is mineralogically represented by pyrite, sericite and quartz with poor native gold. The Rb‐Sr isochron age of this stage is 2905 Ma. The second stage represents the main ore‐forming stage and is characterized by native gold–quartz–pyrite–magnetite–chlorite assemblage. Magnetite and pyrite of this stage are dated by Sm‐Nd isochron at 290.47.2 Ma and fluid inclusion in quartz is dated by Rb‐Sr isochron at 282.35 Ma. The third mineralization stage features native gold–quartz–pyrite vein. In the fourth stage, Au‐bearing polymetallic sulfide‐quartz veins formed. Fluid inclusions in quartz are dated by Rb‐Sr isochron method at 25821 Ma. The fifth stage is composed of sulfide‐free quartz–carbonate veins with Rb‐Sr age of 2547 Ma. The first and second stages are related to ductile‐brittle deformation of shear zones, and are named dynamo‐metamorphic hydrothermal period. The third to fifth stages related to intrusive processes of tonalite and brittle fracturing of the shear zones, are called magmato‐hydrothermal mineralization period. The Rb‐Sr isochron age of 2905 Ma of the altered andesite in the Kanggur mine area may reflect timing of regional ductile shear zone. The Rb‐Sr isochron age of 28216 Ma of the quartz‐syenite porphyry and the zircon U‐Pb age of 2757 Ma of tonalite in the north of Kanggur gold mine area are consistent with the age of gold mineralization (290‐254 Ma). This correspondence indicates that the tonalite and subvolcanic rocks may have been related to gold mineralization. The Rb–Sr, Sm‐Nd and U‐Pb ages and regional geology support the hypothesis that the Kanggur gold deposit was formed during collisional orogenesis process in Late Variscan.     

Tectonic Framework of Late Paleozoic Intrusions in Xingxingxia: Implications for Final Closure of South Tianshan Ocean in East Tianshan

This work carried out systematic geological field investigation, petrography observation, zircon geochronology and whole rock geochemistry on Late Paleozoic intrusions in the Xingxingxia region near the Xinjiang-Gansu provincial boundary, western China, aiming to constrain the Late Paleozoic tectonic framework of the Xingxingxia region and the final closure time of South Tianshan Ocean in the East Tianshan. The Xingxingxia area is located in the east part of the Tianshan orogen, and adjacent to the north of the Tarim Basin. The Late Paleozoic magma activities in the Xingxingxia region can be mainly divided into three stages. The first stage includes intrusive magma activities under a collision setting between Late Ordovician to the Late Devonian. The second stage is intrusive magma activities under a subduction setting during(304±3)–(278±3) Ma, and the third stage involves intrusive magma activities under a collision and post-collision setting during(268±5)–(259.9±2.6) Ma. The final suture zone of South Tianshan Ocean should be between the Central Tianshan Block and South Tianshan accretionary complex. Based on previous work, both the first stage magma activities(i.e., intrusive magmatic activities between the Late Ordovician to Late Devonian) and the Hongliuhe ophiolitic complex indicate a close event between Central Tianshan Block and South Tianshan Accretionary Complex. The 304±3 Ma dioritic metamorphic gneiss of the XingX ingxia complex and the 278±3 Ma diorite are all island arc calc-alkaline rocks, the 289±3 Ma gabbro is island arc tholeiitic gabbro formed by magma from metasomatic enrichment mantle. All these results indicate that the second stage of magmatic activities is under a subduction setting. The third stage magma activities i.e. the granitic magma activities of(268±5)–(259.9±2.6) Ma occurred at a transitional setting from compressional to post-collision extensional tectonic setting. Thus, around(268±5)–(260±3) Ma, the final closure of the South Tianshan Ocean occurred and the Tianshan orogen shifted into the intracontinental evolution stage. During and after the closure process, a wide range of metamorphism and large dextral strike-slip faults developed.     

新疆吐哈盆地南缘铜矿带含矿斑岩的地球化学及形成环境

吐哈盆地南缘斑岩铜矿带位于中亚造山带东天山的中段。研究表明该铜矿带含矿斑岩的形成时代可分早石炭世和晚石炭世-早二叠世两期,前者以土屋-延东含矿斜长花岗斑岩为例,形成于与洋壳俯冲有关的岛弧环境,后者以赤湖和三岔口斜长花岗斑岩为例,形成于同碰撞造山的中-晚期。主量、微量元素和Sr—Nd同位素地球化学数据表明,吐哈盆地南缘铜矿带大多数斑岩具有钙碱性和岛弧花岗岩的特征,初始锶比值一般小于0．7046,εNd（t）值为5．3—7．6,反映成岩物质的深源性;进一步可将斑岩划分为埃达克岩和非埃达克岩,其中延东-土屋和三岔口含矿斑岩具有埃达克岩的特征,而赤湖、灵龙、卡拉塔格和垅西矿化斑岩和成矿后斑岩不具埃迭克岩特征。埃迭克岩成因有两种：土屋-延东埃迭克岩为洋壳板片熔融成因,三岔口埃达克岩为加厚下地壳的熔融成因。土屋-延东洋壳熔融埃达克岩的确定,进一步肯定了晚古生代石炭纪吐哈盆地南缘的岛弧环境。研究表明侵位于中亚造山带晚古生代岛弧环境和洋壳熔融成因的埃达克岩最有利于形成大型斑岩铜矿。     

西天山特克斯达坂一带晚古生代花岗岩类的地球化学特征及其构造意义

依据地质学、岩石学和年代学特征,西天山特克斯达坂一带花岗岩类被解体为早石炭世库勒萨依序列和早二叠世其那尔萨依序列,其同位素年龄分别为347Ma、291～292Ma。通过对该花岗岩类地球化学特征的研究得出,库勒萨依序列A/CNK平均值为1,K2O/Na2O平均值为0.96,（Na2O+K2O）/Al2O3平均值为0.66,里特曼指数δ平均值为3.2,为准铝质钙碱性花岗岩;其那尔萨依序列A/CNK平均值为1.05,K2O/Na2O平均值为1.17,富钾,为过铝质碱性花岗岩。库勒萨依序列为形成于岛弧环境的钙碱性花岗岩,是古亚洲洋向北俯冲的产物;其那尔萨依序列为形成于后造山期松弛阶段的碱性花岗岩。     

Late Paleozoic retrograded eclogites from within the northern margin of the North China Craton: Evidence for subduction of the Paleo-Asian ocean

Retrograded eclogites from the central part of the northern margin of the North China Craton, Hebei Province, China occur as separate tectonic lenses or boundins within garnet–biotite–plagioclase gneisses of the Paleoproterozoic Hongqiyingzi Complex characterized by amphibolite facies paragneisses. The petrographic features and mineralogical compositions represent three main metamorphic stages: (1) the peak eclogite facies stage (P > 1.40–1.50 GPa, T = 680–730 °C), (2) the granulite facies stage and (3) the amphibolite facies stage (P = 0.67–0.81 GPa, T = 530–610 °C) formed during decompression. The major and trace element and Sm–Nd isotopic data suggest that most of the retrograded eclogite samples had protoliths of tholeiitic oceanic crust with geochemical characteristics of mid-ocean ridge basalt (MORB) or island arc tholeiite (IAT) environment, and were contaminated by crustal components during subsequent subduction. Zircon SHRIMP isotopic dating of two different textural varieties of retrograded eclogite defines a weighted mean age of 325 Ma, which is interpreted as the peak metamorphic age of the eclogites and reflects the occurrence of eclogite facies metamorphism related to subduction of Paleo-Asian Oceanic crust beneath the North China Craton during the Late Paleozoic. Finally, we show that the retrograded eclogite from Hebei Province is not related to the Baimashi retrograded eclogite at the northern foot of the Heng Mountains, approximately, 300 km to the southwest.     

华北地台晚古生代地层定量时间分析

以[美]学者Shaw AB法为原理,以地层多重划分研究为基础,对华北地台晚古生代地层进行了定量地层的时间分析,进行了分区内以标准参考剖面(SRS)为准的地层定量的时间分析、区域范围内的复合标准参考剖面(CSRS)的定量地层的时间分析,进而讨论了Shaw法在多重地层划分研究中的意义和作用。     

华北晚古生代煤的稀土元素地球化学特征

采用仪器中子活化分析法(INAA)测定了华北晚古生代石炭纪-二叠纪58个煤及煤层夹矸和顶底板样品的稀土元素含量。通过对稀土元素地球化学特征的研究表明,华北晚古生代煤中稀土元素总量绝大多数变化于30×10~(-6)～80×10~(-6)之间,平均为56×10~(-6),属正常水平;靠近物源区的华北北部太原组比远离物源区并且受陆表海影响的华北南部太原组更加富集稀土元素;稀土元素总量还受煤中灰分所影响,与煤的灰分产率成正相关关系,尤其与<2μm的粘土矿物密切相关。这证明稀土元素在煤中的聚集过程中陆源物质起重要作用。煤中LREE明显富集,LREE/HREE一般在2～8之间,与高灰低硫煤相比,低灰高硫煤中其比值较低,该比值在顶底板岩石中达12以上,在黄铁矿结核中最高,达21,表明受海水影响的还原环境中HREE与有机质更具亲和力。稀土元素中普遍存在Eu亏损现象。在整个华北地区,正常煤层内的稀土元素分布模式十分相似,表明在华北晚古生代石炭纪-二叠纪成煤期间,保持有相对稳定的陆源物质供应。在低灰煤中,稀土元素主要由细粒的吸附灰分和生物灰分所承载,有机物质同时也吸附了一定比例的REE。受岩浆活动影响的煤其稀土元素总量最高,岩浆物质加入可以促使煤中稀土元素增加,并会导致稀土元素分布模式出现异常,同时常伴随有如U、W和A     

新疆西准噶尔晚古生代以来构造样式与变形序列研究

断裂构造的发育是不同地质历史、不同应力场条件下地壳应变的叠加。针对某一地域断裂构造的研究,理清其发育序次和不同阶段断裂系统对应的构造应力场,是了解区域大地构造性质演变的重要环节。新疆西准噶尔地区构造运动和岩浆活动非常强烈,是认识中亚构造域性质的重要研究基地,同时也为断裂构造和变形序次研究提供了很好的野外实验室。通过对研究区1500个构造面理产状数据的统计与分析,认为新疆西准噶尔地区主要发育以下几组构造面理：（1）290°走向;（2）10°~20°和80~90°走向;（3）40°~45°和320°~325°走向;（4）60°~70°和340°~350°走向。通过对野外构造现象、断裂之间的交切关系、断裂与相关地层及岩体的切割关系等的综合分析,结合遥感图像解译,确立了走滑断裂是西准噶尔地区晚古生代以来主要的构造样式,并建立了相应的变形序列：（1）大约在二叠纪晚期-三叠纪,由于准噶尔与中天山汇聚末期的区域性水平运动,受到北西-南东向的挤压应力作用,发育最早一期北西西向（290°左右）右旋走滑断裂;（2）侏罗纪-白垩纪,地层产状平缓,没有发现区域性构造变形证据;（3）古近纪,主要受制于太平洋构造域,受到北西-南东向挤压应力作用,发育北北东向（10°~20°）左旋与近东西向（80°~90°）右旋共轭走滑构造;（4）新近纪早期,受印度大陆和欧亚大陆碰撞的远程效应影响,应力场为近南北向,发育北东向（40°~45°）、北西向（320°~325°）走滑构造,新近纪晚期应力场发生了小角度顺时针旋转,构造形迹又转变为北东东向（60°~70°）和北北西向（340°~350°）。