A reinterpretation of the linear heat flow and heat production relationship for the exponential model of the heat production in the crust

Summary. The conventional assumption of the equality of the slope of the empirical linear heat flow/heat generation relation and the logarithmic decrement in the exponential model of the heat production is not valid. The rigorous analysis of the heat flow equation shows that, with the increase of the magnitude of the slope, the invalidity becomes significant. In the Indian shield region, the available estimate of the slope is 14.8 km, while the corresponding logarithmic decrement value is 17.2 km, However, it may be emphasized that in the step model the slope is rightly interpreted as the thickness of the radioactive layer.     

旅游与竹地摩梭人“家”空间的多维生产及身份认同建构

采用田野调查、参与观察、深度访谈等方法,对旅游背景下竹地摩梭人“家”空间的多维生产与身份认同建构问题进行了研究。结果显示：① 竹地摩梭人的宗教信仰及其在不同时代的流转,规约着摩梭村民日常空间实践中的自然观、世界观和道德观,具有心物自洽和身心统一性;竹地摩梭人“家”空间具有系统性,体现在村外层、村寨层、家址层、祖母房和身体层不同尺度空间圈层中,其空间秩序和意义蕴含着丰富的自然生态意识和人地关系;② 以旅游为媒介的资本、权力和消费等结构性力量相互交织和渗透,对竹地摩梭人“家”空间带来了微观地理空间的社会关系、文化意义和人地关系的重塑,且具有多维空间的交互辩证生产性;③ 随着竹地“家”空间的多维生产和微观地理重塑,出现了以人本主义为特征的前因式认同建构、以结构主义为特征的后果式认同建构,以及以“价值认同,情感不认同”和“价值不认同,情感认同”为特征的“中间型”认同建构。竹地摩梭人对“家”空间旅游化实践的身份认同建构,暗含和折射了村民对“家园”和“家国”的认同状况。④ 竹地“家”空间的旅游化,本质上是传统民族空间资本化的实践过程,归根结底是新时代“地方”对发展路径和方式的选择,但未来需要调适“家”空间资本化和发展异化之间的矛盾。此外,竹地“家”微观地理空间的案例剖析,在理论上补充和延伸了学术界既有“家”的理论研究成果。     

On the estimation of the vertical distribution of radiogenic heat production in the crust

Summary. A differential-difference equation governing the distribution of radiogenic heat in the crust has been obtained. The solution of this equation gives the exponential model of the heat production distribution with the logarithmic decrement as determined in Singh & Negi.     

Heat refraction and heat production in and around granite plutons in north-east England

Summary. Existing surface heat flow determinations in north-east England indicate a difference in thermal structure between the Alston block of the North Pennines and the coastal regions. New heat flow determinations in the Askrigg block and on the coast support the original indications of higher heat flow in the positive blocks, which are underlain by 400 Myr old granites, than in their marginal sedimentary troughs along the present coastline. Although the two blocks are geophysically and geologically similar, surface heat flow in the Alston block is 30mW m^-2 higher than it is in the Askrigg block 50km to its south. Heat flow refraction around high conductivity plutons with high heat production may significantly affect the interpretation of heat flow measurements made on a regional scale but in the present case its effect, if any, is to emphasize the heat flow difference between the two otherwise similar blocks. The chemical differences between the Wensleydale and the Weardale granites – cupolas of the granites underlying the Askrigg and Alston may be representative of the granites as a whole and the blocks respectively – difference in surface heat flows may result from a contrast in radiogenic heat production between the two granites extending to mid-crustal depths.     

美国加州"水银行"运行机制研究

美国加州“水银行”的出现是伴随其北水南调工程,在具有良好的蓄水、输水设备和广大的含水层空间优势的基础上,当出现极端干旱的背景下创新性地建立的一种水资源管理模式。我国南水北调工程调水范围更广、水资源配置难度更大,如何实现跨流域、跨地区水资源的合理分配关系着调水工程的成败。加州“水银行”的运作机制研究可以为我国南水北调工程的水资源管理提供参考和借鉴。     

“文创+”历史街区空间生产的系统动力学机制——以珠海北山社区为例

在城市历史街区经济发展与空间演变的过程中,文化创意产业的进入为城市更新与历史街区的转型提供了新思路。研究使用定性系统动力学方法,通过质性数据构建因果循环图,对珠海北山社区的空间再生产过程进行分析,最终得到由5个正反馈回路与1个负反馈回路构成的空间生产动力机制,并得出以下结论：① 政府对城中村的规划改造与居民的空间让渡是北山空间再生产的开端;② 文化企业家的进入创造了新的空间主体与社会关系,对历史建筑空间进行了更新与再利用,打造了新兴文化创意空间;③ 游客的多元化旅游感知与媒体传播对北山进行了信息再生产;④ 空间主体的多元化构建了北山多重属性相互交融的空间,复杂并趋于稳定,各个利益主体在博弈与妥协中达到相对平衡。在回路分析的基础上,研究将“资本三重循环”理论与系统动力学模型相结合对北山社区的空间再生产机制进行了深入探讨。本研究为历史街区的发展转型机制提供具有系统预见性的新工具,并为新型城镇化建设的发展建设提供参考。     

"冰臼"与地质遗迹旅游开发问题的讨论

地质遗迹是指在地球演化的漫长地质历史时期,由内外动力的地质作用形成、发展并遗留下来的珍贵的不可再生的地质自然遗产。加强地质遗迹的保护并对其进行科学而合理的旅游开发,可以促进地方经济的发展。相反,不合理甚至不科学的旅游开发,虽然获得了短期的经济效益,却不利于普及地质科学知识,甚至伤害广大游客的感情。文中对广东境内及其周边的几处“冰臼”进行了再讨论,并在考察和评价饶平“南国冰臼公园”的基础上,对地质遗迹的科学开发提出若干思考。     

Volume, heat and salt transport by the West Spitsbergen Current

During the summer of 2000 (June-July) 14 CTD and ADCP transects perpendicular to the West Spitsbergen Current and along the western border of the Barents Sea were made. The measurements covered the area between 69° 43'and 80° N and 01° and 20° E. The main purpose was to follow changes in volume, heat and salt content of Atlantic Water (AW) on its way north. The strongest and most stable flow of AW was located along the continental slope where northward flowing currents exceeding 40 cm/sec were measured. A few weaker northward branches were also found to the west of the slope. South-directed currents were recorded between them and eddy-like mesoscale structures were commonly observed. Measured by vessel-mounted acoustic Doppler current profiler (VM-ADCP), the net northward transport of AW volume in the upper 136 m layer decreased from nearly 6 Sv at the southernmost transect to below 1 Sv at a latitude of 78° 50'N. Similarly, heat transport drops from about 173 TW to about 9 TW and relative salt transport (over 34.92 psu) from 980 × 10³ kg/sec to 14 × 10³ kg/sec. Transport in the southern direction prevails at the transect located between 79° 07'and 79° 30'N. The calculated baroclinic geostrophic transport of AW volume, heat and salt in the upper 1000 m layer behaves similarly. East-directed transport dominates at the Barents Sea boundary while westward flow prevails on the western side of the West Spitsbergen Current.     

强台风“黑格比”暴雨洪涝特征及成因分析

利用NCEP/NCAR再分析资料,分析0814号强台风"黑格比"引发华南西南部严重暴雨洪涝特征及其成因.结果显示:①2008年9月下旬副高强度偏强,位置偏北偏西,台风易受其南侧偏东气流引导而西行;②台风"黑格比"强度强,辐合上升运动强烈,触发强降雨;③南海夏季风增强和季风辐合带北抬,西南暖湿气流强盛,增强了辐合上升运动,并为台风降雨带来了源源不断的水汽,使降雨加强和持续;④除了气象因素外,地形对西行台风降雨量的显著增幅作用,是造成强台风"黑格比"暴雨洪涝的重要原因.     

Probable effects of heat advection on the adjacent environment during oil production at Prudhoe Bay, Alaska

The latest available data for mean annual air temperature at sites away from the Arctic coast in both Alaska and the Yukon Territory show no significant warming in the last 30~50 years. However, around the Arctic coast of northwest North America centered on Prudhoe Bay, the weather stations show significant warming of both the air and the ocean water, resulting in substantial losses in sea ice west of Prudhoe Bay. These changes appeared shortly after the commencement of shipment of oil through the Trans-Alaska Pipeline in 1977, but have now reached a quasi-stable thermal state. Since more than 17 trillion barrels of oil have passed through the pipeline after being cooled by the adjacent air, which in turn, can then result in the melting of the adjacent sea ice, there appears to be a very strong relationship between these events, and a marked lack of correlation with the changes of the content of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. This contrasts with the IPCC interpretation of the available climatic data, which assumes that the maximum climatic warming at Prudhoe Bay is typical of the entire region and is the result of increasing greenhouse gases. Engineers need to consider heat advection by oil or gas from underground when designing pipeline facilities, and to take account of the potential environmental consequences that they may cause.