山西沁水煤田首阳山矿15#煤的稀土元素分布规律、赋存状态及其对成煤环境的指示

文章以沁水煤田长治首阳山矿15号煤为研究对象,运用电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)和X射线荧光光谱(XRF)等方法对煤中的稀土元素进行测试和分析。探讨了15号煤中稀土元素的富集机理、配分模式、赋存状态以及成煤环境等地球化学特征。结果表明:(1)研究区煤层中的稀土元素含量均值为49.28μg/g,整体含量较低;(2) 15~#煤(除SYS15-2外)和夹矸中稀土元素均为轻稀土富集型(LREY),并且夹矸中轻稀土富集更加明显;(3)稀土元素主要赋存在黏土矿物中;(4)成煤环境整体上以弱还原环境为主,稀土元素物质来源主要为陆源碎屑。     

华北若干晚古生代煤中稀土元素的赋存特征

通过对华北聚煤盆地几个主要矿区晚古生代煤系中稀土元素的研究，发现煤系中(煤层、煤层顶板、煤层底板、夹矸)的稀土元素分布复杂，不仅受到宏观地质背景的控制，而且成煤过程中微环境的变化也对稀土元素的分布影响很大。煤系中稀土元素的共同特征是具有明显的δEu亏损，含量的不同是它们的主要差别。煤中稀土元素的含量主要受控于陆源碎屑的供给；山西组煤中稀土元素的含量高于太原组；山西组煤中稀土元素分布在很大程度上继承了母岩的特征；太原组煤中稀土元素的分布和海水的不相似，海水对太原组煤中稀土元素的含量和分布模式影响较小；岩浆接触变质作用可导致煤中稀土元素分布模式的变化，使之趋于岩体稀土元素的分配特征。     

淮南朱集井田二叠纪煤中稀土元素地球化学特征及其地质解释

采用电感耦合等离子体-光学发射光谱仪(ICP-OES),系统测定了淮南朱集井田二叠纪3个沉积组11个煤层371个煤样品的稀土元素含量.通过对煤中稀土元素地球化学参数分析,得出以下认识:朱集煤中稀土元素总量位于86×10-6～143×10-6范围内,平均值为112×10-6;稀土元素具有指相意义,靠近物源区的上、下石盒子组煤中稀土元素总量比远离物源区受陆表海影响的山西组煤分别高出38％和25％;上、下石盒子组及山西组煤中稀土元素分配模式总体属于轻稀土富集、重稀土亏损型,轻稀土曲线段呈“右倾”趋势,重稀土曲线段则较为“平坦”;样品δEu变化范围为0.52～0.80,平均值为0.59,Eu中度负异常,指示成煤沼泽受陆源碎屑影响较大;样品δCe变化范围为0.93～1.04,平均值为0.99,Ce含量无异常,指示成煤沼泽受海水影响较小;煤中稀土元素总量与煤中灰分呈不太显著的正相关关系(R=0.59),说明成煤过程中陆源碎屑物质所携带的部分稀土元素可能吸附在煤的有机质中.原煤X射线衍射图谱(XRD)和光学煤岩薄片显示煤中矿物以石英和粘土矿物为主,高岭石可能是稀土元素的无机载体.另外,稀土元素与陆源碎屑元素(Si、A1、Ti、Ni、Sc和Se等)相关性较好,而与海相元素(B、Sr和Ca)相关性不明显.     

淮南朱集井田二叠纪煤中稀土元素地球化学特征

采用电感耦合等离子体-光学发射光谱仪(ICP-OES),系统测定了淮南朱集井田二叠纪3个沉积组11个煤层371个煤样品的稀土元素含量。通过对煤中稀土元素地球化学参数分析,得出以下认识:朱集煤中稀土元素总量位于86×10-6～143×10-6范围内,平均值为112×10-6;稀土元素具有指相意义,靠近物源区的上、下石盒子组煤中稀土元素总量比远离物源区受陆表海影响的山西组煤分别高出38%和25%;上、下石盒子组及山西组煤中稀土元素分配模式总体属于轻稀土富集、重稀土亏损型,轻稀土曲线段呈"右倾"趋势,重稀土曲线段则较为"平坦";样品δEu变化范围为0.52～0.80,平均值为0.59,Eu中度负异常,指示成煤沼泽受陆源碎屑影响较大;样品δCe变化范围为0.93～1.04,平均值为0.99,Ce含量无异常,指示成煤沼泽受海水影响较小;煤中稀土元素总量与煤中灰分呈不太显著的正相关关系(R=0.59),说明成煤过程中陆源碎屑物质所携带的部分稀土元素可能吸附在煤的有机质中。原煤X射线衍射图谱(XRD)和光学煤岩薄片显示煤中矿物以石英和粘土矿物为主,高岭石可能是稀土元素的无机载体。另外,稀土元素与陆源碎屑元素(Si、Al、Ti、Ni、Sc和Se等)相关性较好,而与海相元素(B、Sr和Ca)相关性不明显。     

淄博煤田煤的稀土元素地球化学特征

应用电感耦合等离子体质谱法（ICP—MS）对淄博煤田煤（35个样品,其中12个顶底板样品及1个夹矸样品）的稀土元素进行测试,并测定了灰分及相关的伴生元素含量。全面分析了稀土元素、地球化学参数、空间分布规律及分布模式,探讨了淄博煤田石炭—二叠纪煤中稀土元素的特征及来源。研究表明:与国内外其他地区相比,淄博地区煤中稀土元素相对富集;太原组煤中的稀土元素高于山西组,在同一煤层中自顶部到底部呈现增高趋势,并在顶底板和夹矸中明显富集;Eu存在明显的负异常,而Ce值基本正常,表明成煤环境可能为浅海或封闭海域,不同煤层稀土元素分布模式基本一致,稀土元素与灰分正相关,与反映陆源的元素相关性较好,而与反映海相的元素相关性较差。     

晋北煤层夹矸粘土岩、偏岭石及紫矸的物质来源与成因

产于煤层中的夹矸主要由火山碎屑经沼泽水的高岭石化结果(含高温石英等);煤层底板碎屑高岭石组成的夹矸,则多由陆源风化产物经水流搬运进一步受沼泽水高岭石化结果(含微斜长石等)。偏岭石是在pH<4的沼泽水中溶解陆源风化物或火山碎屑pH=4.8～5生成Al_2O_3与SiO_2凝胶交互沉淀,在成岩作用中经水铝英石转变为偏岭石并重结晶的.紫矸主要是陆源风化产物粘土质经水流搬运机械沉积,表生作用可脱硅为软水铝石.     

淮南深部山西组煤中稀土元素地球化学特征

为探究淮南深部山西组煤中稀土元素来源及地球化学特征,采集淮南煤田深部山西组煤煤样、夹矸、顶板和底板共20个样品,采用电感耦合等离子体质谱仪(ICP-MS)测试样品中稀土元素含量及伴生元素含量,探讨了研究区深部山西组煤中稀土元素地球化学特征。研究结果表明:淮南深部山西组煤中稀土元素含量平均值为40.85 mg/kg,低于中国煤中稀土元素含量平均值;煤中稀土元素配分模式主要是H型配分模式;Eu元素明显负异常,表明煤中稀土元素沉积环境为还原环境;Ce元素呈微弱正异常,表明成煤沼泽环境中海水的影响并未造成Ce的严重亏损;相关性分析结果显示,山西组煤中稀土元素与灰分呈正相关(R2=0.55),与陆源碎屑元素Al、Cr和Th等呈显著正相关,且与海相特征元素(B、Sr和Ca)相关性不明显。     

北宿井田高岭岩矿床特征研究有结果

最近 ,兖州矿业 (集团 )公司地质工程公司开展了对北宿井田高岭岩矿床特征的研究。北宿井田的高岭石赋存在上石炭统太原组底部、煤 18夹矸及其底板。根据岩性特征可划分为夹矸高岭岩及 N1、N2和N3高岭岩三个分层。据 5 7个勘探钻孔统计 ,高岭岩矿层厚0 .74～ 4 .85 m,平均 3 .0 5 m,大致呈西部厚、东部薄、北部厚、南部薄的趋势。 N2及局部夹矸、N1和 N3高岭岩的有益矿物高岭石和有益组分 Al2 O3含量比较高 ,为用途较广的矿物 ,但其有害杂质 Fe2 O3和 Ti O2 含量亦较高 ,降低了矿石的质量。N2矿层的质量相对较好 ,高岭石含量高 ,颗粒…     

准格尔煤田西南部煤层夹矸及顶底板稀土元素地球化学特征及地质意义

准格尔煤田含煤岩系高岭岩资源丰富,高铝矿物来源备受关注。采用高分辨率电感耦合等离子质谱等技术对石炭-二叠系太原组6号和山西组4号煤夹矸及顶底板中的稀土元素进行分析,并探讨了其物质来源。结果表明,6号煤夹矸及顶底板中稀土元素总量（ΣREY）均值为167.69μg/g,接近上地壳ΣREY值（168.4μg/g）;4号煤夹矸及顶底板中ΣREY均值为210.22μg/g,高于上地壳的ΣREY值。4号煤夹矸及顶底板中轻稀土含量均值与6号煤相当,中稀土和重稀土含量均值为6号煤两倍以上。6号煤夹矸及顶底板分层样中δCe为0.82～0.94,δEu为0.53～0.87;4号煤中δCe为0.88～0.98,δEu为0.74～0.97;均为Ce、Eu负异常。6号煤层夹矸及顶底板稀土元素主要来源于盆地北西侧阴山地区元古界花岗岩和北东侧下古生界沉积岩。4号煤层夹矸及顶底板稀土元素物源主要为盆地北侧阴山地区下古生界和元古界的沉积岩和火成岩系。     

重庆长河碥煤矿晚三叠世2号煤中微量元素的赋存状态

为了探讨煤中微量元素的赋存状态和地质成因,本文运用电离耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)、电离耦合等离子体原子发射光谱(ICP-AES)、X射线荧光光谱(XRF)、冷原子吸收光谱(CV-AAS)、离子选择性电极法(ISE)、逐级化学提取试验(SCEE)等,研究了重庆长河碥矿晚三叠世须家河组2号煤层中微量元素的含量、赋存特征及其影响因素.发现该煤层中As(12.9 μg/g)、Cu(125 μg/g)、Cr(72 μg/g)、Ni(63 μg/g)、Pb(111 μg/g)等元素富集;逐级化学提取结果显示,煤层中Pb主要赋存在低温热液成因的黄铁矿脉中;Cr主要存在于粘土矿物中,Cr可能与陆源碎屑供给有关;Cu不仅与粘土矿物有关,也与煤中黄铁矿有关.表明低温热液流体和陆源碎屑供给对该煤中主要微量有害元素的含量和赋存特征起了决定作用.     

Isotopic systematics of He,Ar, S,Cu, Ni,Re, Os,Pb, U,Sm, Nd,Rb, Sr,Lu, and Hf in the rocks and ores of the Norilsk deposits

This paper reports the first results of a study of 11 isotope systems (³He/⁴He, ⁴⁰Ar/³⁶Ar, ³⁴S/³²S, ⁶⁵Cu/⁶³Cu, ⁶²Ni/⁶⁰Ni, ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr, ¹⁴³Nd/¹⁴⁴Nd, ^206–208Pb/²⁰⁴Pb, Hf–Nd, U–Pb, and Re–Os) in the rocks and ores of the Cu–Ni–PGE deposits of the Norilsk ore district. Almost all the results were obtained at the Center of Isotopic Research of the Karpinskii All-Russia Research Institute of Geology. The use of a number of independent genetic isotopic signatures and comprehensive isotopic knowledge provided a methodic basis for the interpretation of approximately 5000 isotopic analyses of various elements. The presence of materials from two sources, crust and mantle, was detected in the composition of the rocks and ores. The contribution of the crustal source is especially significant in the paleofluids (gas–liquid microinclusions) of the ore-forming medium. Crustal solutions were probably a transport medium during ore formation. Air argon is dominant in the ores, which indicates a connection between the paleofluids and the atmosphere. This suggests intense groundwater circulation during the crystallization of ore minerals. The age of the rocks and ores of the Norilsk deposits was determined. The stage of orebody formation is restricted to a narrow age interval of 250 ± 10 Ma. An isotopic criterion was proposed for the ore-bearing potential of mafic intrusions in the Norilsk–Taimyr region. It includes several interrelated isotopic ratios of various elements: He, Ar, S, and others.     

高压微波消解法测定醋酸纤维过滤器采集的微尘粒子中的砷镉钴铬铜铁锰镍铅钒锌

最新的流行病学研究表明,空气中较高浓度的悬浮细颗粒可能对人类的健康有不利的影响。根据该项研究显示,由于心脏病、慢性呼吸问题和肺功能指标恶化而导致死亡率的升高与细尘粒子有关。这些研究结果已经促使欧盟于1999年4月出台了限制空气中二氧化硫、二氧化氮、氧化氮、铅和颗粒物含量的法案(1999/30/EC),对各项指标包括对可吸入PM10颗粒的浓度提出了新的限制性指标。PM10颗粒是指可以通过预分级器分离采集的气体动力学直径小于10μm的细颗粒。目前研究的兴趣重点逐步偏向PM2.5这些更细微颗粒物,PM2.5这种颗粒物对健康有明显的不利影响。在欧盟指令2008/50/EC中,对PM10和PM2.5都提     

Wavelength-dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometric determination of Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in komatiites

Komatiites are mantle-derived ultramafic volcanic rocks. Komatiites have been discovered in several States of India, notably in Karnataka. Studies on the distribution of trace-elements in the komatiites of India are very few. This paper proposes a simple, accurate, precise, rapid, and non-destructive wavelength-dispersive x-ray fluorescence (WDXRF) spectrometric technique for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in komatiites, and discusses the accuracy, precision, limits of detection, x-ray spectral-line interferences, inter-element effects, speed, advantages, and limitations of the technique. The accuracy of the technique is excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th and very good (within 4%) for Y. The precision is also excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th. The limits of detection are: 1 ppm for Sc and V; 2 ppm for Cr, Co, and Ni; 3 ppm for Cu, Zn, Rb, and Sr; 4 ppm for Y and Zr; 6 ppm for Nb; 10 ppm for Ba; 13 ppm for Pb; and 14 ppm for Th. The time taken for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in a batch of 24 samples of komatiites, for a replication of four analyses per sample, by one operator, using a manual WDXRF spectrometer, is only 60 hours.     

Regional distribution of Al,B, Ba,Ca, K,La, Mg,Mn, Na,P, Rb,Si, Sr,Th, U and Y in terrestrial moss within a 188,000 km2 area of the central Barents region: influence of geology,seaspray and human activity

Five hundred and ninety-eight samples of terrestrial moss (Hylocomium splendens and Pleurozium schreberi) collected from a 188,000 km² area of the central Barents region (NE Norway, N Finland, NW Russia) were analysed by ICP-AES and ICP-MS. Analytical results for Al, B, Ba, Ca, K, La, Mg, Mn, Na, P, Rb, Si, Sr, Th, U and Y concentrations are reported here. Graphical methods of data analysis, such as geochemical maps, cumulative frequency diagrams, boxplots and scatterplots, are used to interpret the origin of the patterns for these elements. None of the elements reported here are emitted in significant amounts from the smelting industry on the Kola Peninsula. Despite the conventional view that moss chemistry reflects atmospheric element input, the nature of the underlying mineral substrate (regolith or bedrock) is found to have a considerable influence on moss composition for several elements. This influence of the chemistry of the mineral substrate can take place in a variety of ways. (1) It can be completely natural, reflecting the ability of higher plants to take up elements from deep soil horizons and shed them with litterfall onto the surface. (2) It can result from naturally increased soil dust input where vegetation is scarce due to harsh climatic conditions for instance. Alternatively, substrate influence can be enhanced by human activity, such as open-cast mining, creation of ‘technogenic deserts’, or handling, transport and storage of ore and ore products, all of which magnify the natural elemental flux from bedrock to ground vegetation. Seaspray is another natural process affecting moss composition in the area (Mg, Na), and this is most visible in the Norwegian part of the study area. Presence or absence of some plant species, e.g., lichens, seems to influence moss chemistry. This is shown by the low concentrations of B or K in moss on the Finnish and Norwegian side of the (fenced) border with Russia, contrasting with high concentrations on the other side (intensive reindeer husbandry west of the border has selectively depleted the lichen population).     

Petrographic, mineralogy, and geochemistry of coals of Pabedana, Kerman Province, Central Iran

This paper discusses the result of the detailed investigations carried out on the coal characteristics, including coal petrography and its geochemistry of the Pabedana region. A total of 16 samples were collected from four coal seams d2, d4, d5, and d6 of the Pabedana underground mine which is located in the central part of the Central-East Iranian Microcontinent. These samples were reduced to four samples through composite sampling of each seam and were analyzed for their petrographic, mineralogical, and geochemical compositions. Proximate analysis data of the Pabedana coals indicate no major variations in the moisture, ash, volatile matter, and fixed carbon contents in the coals of different seams. Based on sulfur content, the Pabedana coals may be classified as low-sulfur coals. The low-sulfur contents in the Pabedana coal and relatively low proportion of pyritic sulfur suggest a possible fresh water environment during the deposition of the peat of the Pabedana coal. X-ray diffraction and petrographic analyses indicate the presence of pyrite in coal samples. The Pabedana coals have been classified as a high volatile, bituminous coal in accordance with the vitrinite reflectance values (58.75–74.32 %) and other rank parameters (carbon, calorific value, and volatile matter content). The maceral analysis and reflectance study suggest that the coals in all the four seams are of good quality with low maceral matter association. Mineralogical investigations indicate that the inorganic fraction in the Pabedana coal samples is dominated by carbonates; thus, constituting the major inorganic fraction of the coal samples. Illite, kaolinite, muscovite, quartz, feldspar, apatite, and hematite occur as minor or trace phases. The variation in major elements content is relatively narrow between different coal seams. Elements Sc,, Zr, Ga, Ge, La, As, W, Ce, Sb, Nb, Th, Pb, Se, Tl, Bi, Hg, Re, Li, Zn, Mo, and Ba show varying negative correlation with ash yield. These elements possibly have an organic affinity and may be present as primary biological concentrations either with tissues in living condition and/or through sorption and formation of organometallic compounds.     

Mercury,arsenic, antimony,and selenium contents of sediment from the Kuskokwim River,Bethel, Alaska,USA

The Kuskokwim River at Bethel, Alaska, drains a major mercury-antimony metallogenic province in its upper reaches and tributaries. Bethel (population 4000) is situated on the Kuskokwim floodplain and also draws its water supply from wells located in river-deposited sediment. A boring through overbank and floodplain sediment has provided material to establish a baseline datum for sediment-hosted heavy metals. Mercury (total), arsenic, antimony, and selenium contents were determined; aluminum was also determined and used as normalizing factor. The contents of the heavy metals were relatively constant with depth and do not reflect any potential enrichment from upstream contaminant sources.