共查询到19条相似文献,搜索用时 187 毫秒
1.
2.
针对赤峰市半干旱区的达里诺尔湿地与兴安盟阿尔山湿润地区的湿地,利用湿地的小气候观测资料分别与其相邻的常规气象站的气象观测数据进行对比分析。初步得出以下结论:(1)湿地的“冷湿”效应显著,(2)湿地降水量主要受大气候的影响,与小气候效应无关。(3)位于湿润区的阿尔山湿地比位于半干旱区的达里诺尔湿地更能体现出“冷湿”小气候效应。(4)小气候效应对群落结构、物种分布等方面存在着重要的影响。位于湿润区的阿尔山湿地比位于干旱区的达里诺尔湿地中生、湿生植物偏多,但多样性指数、均匀性指数、物种丰富度低于干旱区的达里诺尔湿地,湿地植物群落的优势度指数要高于达里诺尔湿地, 相似文献
3.
以新疆第一次(2000年)和第二次(2011年)湿地资源调查中相同的347块湿地为研究对象,利用3S技术,对CBERS、SPOT5和LandsatTM遥感数据进行调查监测,并结合野外实地验证,比较分析新疆湿地资源的时空变化状况及其原因。结果表明,新疆湿地总面积呈减少的趋势,其中河流湿地和沼泽湿地面积增加,分别增加29162 hm2和17130 hm2,湖泊湿地和人工湿地面积减少,分别减少126618 hm2和19391 hm2;各湿地型中,永久性河流、草本沼泽、森林沼泽和季节性咸水沼泽面积有所增加,洪泛平原、内陆盐沼、永久性 淡水湖、季节性淡水湖、季节性咸水湖和库塘湿地面积减少。新疆湿地面积总变化率-7%,各湿地类型中,面积变化率最大的是湖泊湿地(18%),呈减少趋势;最小的是沼泽湿地(5%),呈增加趋势。湿地面积变化的主要原因是气候变化和人类活动。 相似文献
4.
5.
湿地生态环境监测方法探讨 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
本文在分析四川湿地现状的基础上,对湿地的监测目的、监测范围、技术手段、监测内容、监测技术指标等问题进行了分析,提出建立我省生态环境监测体系和加强湿地生态环境应用研究的工作思路,为保护湿地生态环境,实现湿地的可持续利用发展提供决策服务。 相似文献
6.
杨义彬 《高原山地气象研究》2005,25(2)
本文在分析四川湿地现状的基础上,对湿地的监测目的、监测范围、技术手段、监测内容、监测技术指标等问题进行了分析,提出建立我省生态环境监测体系和加强湿地生态环境应用研究的工作思路,为保护湿地生态环境,实现湿地的可持续利用发展提供决策服务. 相似文献
7.
长江流域湿地生态系统健康评价 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
长江流域水资源丰富,农业开发历史悠久,是我国重要的粮、棉、油和水产基地。伴随着农业开发与工业、城市快速发展,长江流域湿地保护面临一系列问题:围湖造田和城市化导致天然湿地面积减少,湿地功能减弱,水质污染严重,湿地生态环境退化,湿地资源过度和不合理利用,造成生物多样性下降。因此,在长江流域开展湿地生态健康状况研究很有必要。根据长江流域湿地生态系统的特点,基于压力-状态-响应(PSR)模型,建立包含压力、状态、响应3大类共14个指标的生态系统健康评价指标体系。以Globe Land30土地覆盖数据和社会经济统计等数据为基础,结合层次分析法对长江流域2000年和2010年湿地进行了综合评价。研究结果表明:1)从2000年到2010年长江流域湿地生态健康状况略微下降,2000年长江流域平均湿地生态健康指数是0.478,2010年的为0.475;2)2000年和2010年长江流域湿地生态健康指数中游的下游的上游的,湿地生态健康状况较差的区域主要分布在西北部和以重庆、武汉和上海为主的三大经济中心;3)从行政区平均健康水平来看,从2000年到2010年,江西省和福建省的湿地生态健康状况有所好转,而云南省、广西省、贵州省和重庆市受2010年干旱影响,湿地生态健康状况有所下降。 相似文献
8.
概述了氮(N)、磷(P)两种元素在湖滨湿地迁移的研究.随着富营养化问题日趋严重,湖泊水体可能逐渐由N、P的汇转变成向周围湿地输出的源,湖滨植被及土壤微生物可能起着关键作用.开展N、P元素在富营养化湖泊水体与湖滨湿地间的迁移及其在湖滨湿地的归趋研究,有助于阐明湖滨湿地对富营养化湖泊的生态效应,为湖滨带湿地优化管理提供参考数据. 相似文献
9.
10.
扎龙湿地气候变化特征分析 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
气候是影响湿地生态状况最重要的自然因子.本文分析了自1961~2007年研究区域内对湿地生态状况有重要影响的各气候要素变化趋势.结果表明该区域气候变暖趋势明显.20世纪90年代后湿地处于高温、少雨、蒸发量较大的气候背景之下,由此导致湿地水资源严重不足,进而产生生物多样性下降和湿地退化等现象. 相似文献
11.
人工湿地是一种新型的污水处理工艺。以沈阳市浑南新区人工湿地示范工程为研究对象,分析了人工湿地污水处理系统对氮磷的净化效果,探讨了垂直流湿地系统以及自由表面流湿地系统对氮磷的净化机理。结果表明:垂直流湿地对总氮有一定的净化效果,但稳定性较差。氨氮和总磷的去除率在运行期间始终保持较高水平,平均去除率分别为97.75%和81.03%;表面流湿地对总氮的净化受温度影响,湿地植物对氮磷的净化受生长环境和季节的影响。 相似文献
12.
13.
Wetland regions are important components of the local climate, with their own characteristic surface energy and moisture
budgets. Realistic representation of wetlands, including the important vegetation component, may therefore be necessary for
more accurate simulations of climate and climate change. However, many land-atmosphere coupled models either ignore wetlands
or treat wetlands as bare, water-saturated soil, neglecting the vegetation present within wetland environments. This study
investigates the possible response of the mid-Holocene climate of North Africa to changes in orbital forcing, both with and
without the presence of wetlands. The location of these wetlands is guided by analysis of paleovegetation and wetland distribution.
In this study, the wetland regime in the land surface component of a climate model was modified to incorporate vegetation.
Field measurements have shown that vegetation affects water loss associated with evaporation (including transpiration) within
a wetland area. Comparisons between non-vegetated wetland and vegetated wetland revealed an increase in local albedo that
produced an associated decrease in net radiation, evaporation and precipitation in the vicinity of the wetlands regions. Based
on an analysis of the model surface water balance, the calculated area of mid-Holocene wetland coverage for North Africa closely
matches the observed. For the North African region as a whole, the effects of adding vegetation to the wetland produced relatively
small changes in climate, but local recycling of water may have served to help maintain paleo wetland communities.
Received: 16 March 1999 / Accepted: 17 May 2000 相似文献
14.
15.
气候变化对扎龙湿地生态环境的影响 总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8
湿地是生物多样性岛屿化的基础,水源又是湿地赖以存在的基础,而水源又受到气候变化的影响。通过对讨论气候变化对湿地水源的影响,得出湿地生态环境可能发生变化的若干结论。 相似文献
16.
17.
H.S. Sandhu 《大气与海洋》2013,51(2):137-138
Abstract A small catchment in south‐central Ontario was divided into two zones to evaluate the effect of a small wetland on runoff response during spring snowmelt in 1980. Runoff from the downstream side‐slope zone was produced by a combination of saturation overland flow and subsurface flow. The response to individual snowmelt and rainfall events varied according to antecedent wetness conditions. Runoff delivery from the wetland zone was affected even more by antecedent conditions. For the first and largest event, the response of the wetland was very similar to that of the side‐slope zone, but as the runoff season progressed, the increasing storage capacity of the wetland resulted in more marked contrasts. Quickflow yields and peak flows were much lower from the wetland and response times were longer. Over the whole runoff season, the wetland yielded substantially less runoff mainly because the perched ground water system that sustained it became isolated from the regional ground water system, and this limited the extent of the runoff contributing area in the wetland zone. 相似文献
18.
Royce A. Francis Stefanie M. Falconi Roshanak Nateghi Seth D. Guikema 《Climatic change》2011,106(1):31-55
One effect of climate change may be increased hurricane frequency or intensity due to changes in atmospheric and geoclimatic
factors. It has been hypothesized that wetland restoration and infrastructure hardening measures may improve infrastructure
resilience to increased hurricane frequency and intensity. This paper describes a parametric decision model used to assess
the tradeoffs between wetland restoration and infrastructure hardening for electric power networks. We employ a hybrid economic
input–output life-cycle analysis (EIO-LCA) model to capture: construction costs and life-cycle emissions for transitioning
from the current electric power network configuration to a hardened network configuration; construction costs and life-cycle
emissions associated with wetland restoration; and the intrinsic value of wetland restoration. Uncertainty is accounted for
probabilistically through a Monte Carlo hurricane simulation model and parametric sensitivity analysis for the number of hurricanes
expected to impact the project area during the project cycle and the rate of wetland storm surge attenuation. Our analysis
robustly indicates that wetland restoration and undergrounding of electric power network infrastructure is not preferred to
the “do-nothing” option of keeping all power lines overhead without wetland protection. However, we suggest a few items for
future investigation. For example, our results suggest that, for the small case study developed, synergistic benefits of simultaneously
hardening infrastructure and restoring wetlands may be limited, although research using a larger test bed while integrating
additional costs may find an enhanced value of wetland restoration for disaster loss mitigation. 相似文献
19.
利用1961—2005年呼伦湖湿地的气象及水文资料,基于灰色关联度分析、Mann-Kendall检验及小波分析、回归统计等方法,分析了湿地消长对气象水文因子变化的响应特征。结果表明:年与夏季气候在湿地消长中起主导作用。区域年降水量每增加10 mm,年降水量的直接作用是使湿地水域面积和水位深度分别增加2.6 km2和1.6 cm;年径流量每增加1×108 m3,湿地水域面积和水位深度分别增加4.8 km2和3.0 cm。45年来,湿地消长对影响因子连续变化过程的响应特征具有一致性,特别在20世纪90年代后响应更显著,湿地萎缩加快;气温与降水量变化在湿地水域面积、水位深度消长中的贡献率分别为33.1%与66.9%,22.5%与77.5%,降水量变化起主导作用。湿地消长对影响因子的多时间尺度周期性具有很好的响应。在27年的年代际尺度主周期与11~16年次周期、2~10年年际尺度准周期的叠加作用下,45年来,湿地消长出现了2次减少、1次增加的周期过程,并呈现短周期波动特征。 相似文献