滨里海盆地东缘阿克纠宾地区遥感地质及地球物理场研究

 以图像处理、GIS为平台，对哈萨克斯坦阿克纠宾地区的重、磁、电、遥感及地震资料进行了综合分析。指出，该地区重、磁力资料信息含量较高，对于确定盐下构造分布具有积极意义。使用遥感资料对小断层及裂隙发育状况进行研究，有助于裂隙孔隙型碳酸盐岩油藏开发注水效率的提高。同时可对扎纳若尔、阿里别克莫拉等油田的井网状况进行监控和地面设施进行调查。     

Remote detection of fluid-related diagenetic mineralogical variations in the Wingate Sandstone at different spatial and spectral resolutions

Well-exposed eolian units of the Jurassic system on the Colorado Plateau including the Wingate Sandstone, show prominent color variations throughout southeastern Utah due to diagenetic changes that include precipitation and/or removal of iron oxide, clay, and carbonate cement. Spatially variable characteristic diagenetic changes suggest fluid-rock interactions through the sandstone. Distinctive spectral signatures of diagenetic minerals can be used to map diagenetic mineral variability and possibly fluid-flow pathways. The main objective of this work was to identify characteristic diagenetic minerals, and map their spatial variability from regional to outcrop scale in Wingate Sandstone exposures of Lisbon Valley, Utah. Laboratory reflectance spectroscopy analysis of the samples facilitated identification of diagnostic spectral characteristics of the common diagenetic minerals and their relative abundances between altered and unaltered Wingate Sandstone. Comparison of reflectance spectroscopy with satellite, airborne, and ground-based imaging spectroscopy data provided a method for mapping and evaluating spatial variations of diagenetic minerals. The Feature-oriented Principal Component Selection method was used on Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer data so as to map common mineral groups throughout the broader Wingate Sandstone exposure in the area. The Minimum Noise Fraction and Spectral Angle Mapper methods were applied on airborne HyMap and ground-based hyperspectral imaging data to identify and map mineralogical changes. The satellite and airborne data showed that out of 25.55 km² total exposure of Wingate Sandstone in Lisbon Valley, unaltered sandstone cover 12.55 km², and altered sandstone cover 8.90 km² in the northwest flank and 5.09 km² in the southern flank of the anticline. The ground-based hyperspectral data demonstrated the ability to identify and map mineral assemblages with two-dimensional lateral continuity on near-vertical rock faces. The results showed that 39.71% of the scanned outcrop is bleached and 20.60% is unbleached while 6.33% remain unclassified, and 33.36% is masked-out as vegetation. The bleached and unbleached areas are alternating throughout the vertical face of the outcrop. The relative hematite abundance observed in the unbleached areas are somewhat symmetrical. This indicates fairly similar reaction intensities along the upper and lower reaction fronts observed in the vertical section. The distribution geometry and relative abundances of diagenetic minerals not only suggest multiple paths of fluid-flow in Wingate Sandstone but also provides some insight about relative direction of past fluid-flow.     

柴达木盆地烃蚀变矿物高光谱遥感识别研究

高光谱遥感识别烃蚀变矿物可用于探测油气烃类微渗漏和定位地下油气藏.以有天然气分布的柴达木盆地东部三湖地区为研究区,对Hyperion高光谱数据进行重采样处理,克服了目标识别矿物不明显和传感器低信噪比的影响.通过确定烃蚀变矿物高光谱遥感探测的指示标志,采用线性光谱(SAM)拟合与光谱匹配(SAM)相结合的方法确定了影像端元对应的矿物组分.识别结果表明,合理缩减影像波段数和确定影像端元的方法,能有效提高烃蚀变矿物的高光谱遥感识别精度.     

Mapping of stream microhabitats with high spatial resolution hyperspectral imagery

 Maximum likelihood supervised classifications with 1-m 128 band hyperspectral data accurately map in-stream habitats in the Lamar River, Wyoming with producer's accuracies of 91% for pools, 87% for glides, 76% for riffles, and 85% for eddy drop zones. Coarser resolution 5-m hyperspectral data and 1-m simulated multiband imagery yield lower accuracies that are unacceptable for inventory and analysis. Both high spatial resolution and hyperspectral coverage are therefore necessary to map microhabitats in the study area. In many instances, the high spatial resolution hyperspectral (HSRH) imagery appears to map the stream habitats with greater accuracy than our ground-based surveys, thus challenging classical approaches used for accuracy assessment in remote sensing. Received: 9 April 2001 / Accepted: 8 October 2001     

高光谱遥感岩矿识别方法的研究进展

遥感技术应用于地质中的目的之一是分辫和识别出不同的岩石和矿物等地质体,高光谱分辫率遥感则可通过诊断性光谱特征对岩石或矿物成分及结构进行识别。随着高光谱矿物识别方法的不断发展,使得高光谱遥感技术在地学领域的应用由定性分析到定量识别成为可能,也为今后开展成像光谱遥感数据的广泛应用做好了技术准备。介绍了多种岩矿光谱分析的技术方法,并对不同方法的优、缺点及其应用场合进行分析。最后,总结并提出了下一步的工作方向。     

黄土高原重要水库水位变化的ICESat/GLA14监测

为了基于ICESat/GLA14测高数据对黄土高原重要水库水位变化进行动态监测,该文首先利用Landsat 8遥感影像提取黄土高原的水体边界,并参考ICESat/GLA14数据的分布状况在黄土高原东部选取了册田水库,中部选取了文峪河和王窑水库,西部选取了刘家峡、寺口子和沈家河水库;然后以10cm为阈值对ICESat/GLA14数据进行筛选,从而获得了所选水库水位长时间序列的动态变化;最后将册田和文峪河水库的ICESat/GLA14测量水位与实测水位进行比较,验证ICESat/GLA14监测水库水位变化的准确性。研究结果表明:东部水库水位呈明显下降趋势;中部水库水位在2005年5月明显下降,其后逐渐恢复,整体呈下降趋势;西部水库水位变化不大;ICESat/GLA14测量的水库水位变化与实测水位变化基本一致。     

陆基（地基、岸基）水环境遥感的提出、实践和初步应用

断面监测是准确掌握中国地表水水质和水环境变化特征,开展水环境成因机制分析、评价评估、治理修复和管理考核的重要基石。提高监测立体化、自动化、智能化水平是未来水生态环境监测的重要方向,可以切实提高中国生态环境监测现代化能力。本文针对全国地表水环境断面监测,首次提出陆基（地基、岸基）水环境遥感概念,有效补充和完善传统的卫星遥感和断面监测技术方法。通过与杭州海康威视数字技术股份有限公司（简称“海康威视”）开展合作研发,自主研制了国产高光谱成像仪,于2020-07-31—2020-08-17在太湖开展了复杂天况和水况场景下陆基（地基、岸基）水环境遥感实践应用,构建了透明度、悬浮物、总氮、总磷等关键水质参数高精度遥感反演算法,反演精度可达80%及以上。将相关算法植入高光谱成像仪中获得关键水质参数高频动态变化过程,精细刻画其时间演化过程。太湖陆基（地基、岸基）水环境遥感实践表明,在全国地表水监测断面架设国产高光谱成像仪开展关键水质参数高频精准观测具有广泛应用前景和市场推广价值,可以与卫星和无人机遥感形成天—空—地立体化遥感监测体系,结合断面人工巡测和自动观测开展协同监测。     

Hyperspectral remote sensing of evaporate minerals and associated sediments in Lake Magadi area, Kenya

Pleistocene to present evaporitic lacustrine sediments in Lake Magadi, East African Rift Valley, Kenya were studied and mapped using spectral remote sensing methods. This approach incorporated surface mineral mapping using space-borne hyperspectral Hyperion imagery together with laboratory analysis, including visible, near-infrared diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (VNIR) measurements and X-ray diffraction for selected rock and soil samples of the study area. The spectral signatures of Magadiite and Kenyaite, which have not been previously reported, were established and the spectral signatures of trona, chert series, volcanic tuff and the High Magadi bed were also analyzed.Image processing techniques, MNF (Minimum Noise Fraction) and MTMF (Mixture Tuned Matched Filtering) using a stratified approach (image analysis with and without the lake area), were used to enhance the mapping of evaporates. High Magadi beds, chert series and volcanic tuff were identified from the Hyperion image with an overall mapping accuracy of 84.3%. Even though, the spatial distribution of evaporites and sediments in Lake Magadi area change in response to climate variations, the mineralogy of this area has not been mapped recently. The results of this study shows the usefulness of the hypersspectral remote sensing to map the surface geology of this kind of environment and to locate promising sites for industrial open-pit trona mining in a qualitative and quantitative manner.     

Identifying saltcedar with hyperspectral data and support vectormachines

Saltcedar (Tamarix spp.) are a group of dense phreatophytic shrubs and trees that are invasive to riparian areas throughout the United States. This study determined the feasibility of using hyperspectral data and a support vector machine (SVM) classifier to discriminate saltcedar from other cover types in west Texas. Spectral measurements were collected with a ground-based hyperspectral spectroradiometer (spectral range 350–2500 nm) in December 2008 and April 2009. Spectral data consisting of 1698 spectral bands (400–1349, 1441–1789, 1991–2359 nm) were subjected to a support vector machine classification to differentiate saltcedar from other vegetative and non-vegetative classes. For both dates, a linear kernel model with a C value (error penalty) of 100 was found optimum for separating saltcedar from the other classes. It identified saltcedar with accuracies ranging from 95% to 100%. Findings support further exploration of hyperspectral remote sensing technology and SVM classifiers for differentiating saltcedar from other cover types.     

Aerial remote sensing as an aid to engineering geologic investigation—A case study from Srinagar Hydel Project,Garhwal, U.P.

Aerial remote sensing coupled with selective field check was carried out to assess the feasibility of the Srinagar dam site, related construction works, location of Srinagar Thrust and to evaluate terrain factors that may have adverse influence on the life of the structure. The lithology of the area comprises mainly of quartzites, phyllites, basic rocks and limestones which trend WNW-ESE. The Srinagar Thrust following the regional trend passes through the centre of the area. The investigation has established the location and extension of Srinagar Thrust and other faults, and presently dormant state of Srinagar Thrust. It also links the major Kaliasaur landslide with a fault. There is a possibility that the slide would contribute a substantial amount of silt into the reservoir.     

多源时相遥感影像数据耦合的水库库容曲线重构

遥感技术为库容曲线的重构带来了新思路,但仍存在多源遥感影像数据难以直接应用、水库批量面积提取效率低等问题,难以形成一套系统化、流程化的方法进行广泛应用。基于此,本文提出了多源时相遥感影像数据耦合的库容曲线重构方法,并重构了深圳市径心水库的水位-库容关系曲线。试验证明,重构后的库容曲线常水位区间的库容曲线偏离率在4.23%~11.5%之间,能够为径心水库的调度管理提供参考,同时对全国库容曲线无法及时重构的水库具有参考意义。     

一类隐蔽油气藏的TM图像解译模型

本文主要探讨了与压实褶皱有关的一类隐蔽油气藏的TM图像解译原理。根据压实褶皱的成因机制,对其盖层应力分布状况及其在后期构造运动中的受力变动情况进行了分析,提出与压实褶皱同时伴生的还有一系列特殊的裂隙型式,它们不仅为油气的储集提供了空间,而且在空间上还组成了特殊的组合型式(图像上呈现一定的图案),它们经过后期的风化剥蚀后可呈现出典型地貌特征。利用TM图像具有多波段、适中分辨率的优势可以在图像上对这些特殊的裂隙型式进行识别,从而可直接在图像上解译出埋丘、礁体、碎屑灰岩体、较纯的砂岩体、盐丘等形式的隐蔽油气构造。为进行油气勘探的靶区预测提供了一种更为迅速经济的手段。     

高光谱--遥感测绘的新机遇

通过对高光谱遥感技术的主要优势、基本特征和地理空间信息探测潜力的分析,展示了高光谱数据在遥感测绘领域大规模应用的可能性.同时,还分析了围绕高光谱测绘应用相关的一系列问题,包括高光谱数据的测绘需求、面向测绘应用的高光谱影像分析的关键技术、高光谱遥感测绘模式以及实用化系统建立的设想等.通过对这些问题的进一步深化研究,高光谱技术就可充分与现有的遥感测绘手段有机结合,并对地理空间信息的遥感探测技术产生有力的推动.     

高光谱──遥感测绘的新机遇

通过对高光谱遥感技术的主要优势、基本特征和地理空间信息探测潜力的分析,展示了高光谱数据在遥感测绘领域大规模应用的可能性。同时,还分析了围绕高光谱测绘应用相关的一系列问题,包括高光谱数据的测绘需求、面向测绘应用的高光谱影像分析的关键技术、高光谱遥感测绘模式以及实用化系统建立的设想等。通过对这些问题的进一步深化研究,高光谱技术就可充分与现有的遥感测绘手段有机结合,并对地理空间信息的遥感探测技术产生有力的推动。     

高光谱热红外遥感：现状与展望

高光谱热红外数据中蕴含着丰富的长波光谱信息,可以更精细的揭示地气耦合过程导致的辐射变化,反映热红外谱段特有的地物诊断特征,同时高光谱特性也可以为热红外关键特征参数的病态反演问题提供更合理的假设和约束条件,具有重要的研究价值和应用前景。高光谱热红外遥感技术自诞生起,在吸纳多光谱热红外遥感技术的基础上迅速发展,成为热红外遥感领域的重要研究方向和突破点。然而,当前高光谱热红外遥感存在着可用数据不足,处理方法传统,反演精度有限,应用难以有效实施等问题。为进一步明晰高光谱热红外遥感的研究进展和现存挑战,本文在高光谱热红外相关文献深入分析的基础上,梳理了高光谱热红外研究的发展脉络和热点,介绍了现有国内外主要的高光谱热红外传感器,分析了高光谱大气效应校正、地表温度和发射率分离以及地气关键特征参数一体化反演的现状和问题,总结了相关典型行业应用,展望了高光谱热红外的发展方向,以期为未来高光谱热红外研究工作的开展提供借鉴和帮助。     

高光谱遥感影像管理系统的设计与实现

由于高光谱数据的海量高维特征,使得传统的信息系统难以有效地对这些数据进行高效地存储、处理、分析,表现等管理操作。因此如何采用新的技术来开发一个能有效管理高光谱遥感影像数据的影像管理系统,是当前高光谱快速发展和深入应用的一个瓶颈之一。本文在研究的过程中,对当前影像管理系统的发展作了大量的分析,利用成熟的关系数据库和程序设计语言,开发了一个方便实用的高光谱遥感影像管理系统以管理高光遥感影像和其他遥感信息,提高影像管理效率。系统已初步实现了多景高光谱遥感影像检索,可以任意加载、导入高光谱遥感影像,运行效果良好。     

小麦冠层理化参量的高光谱遥感反演试验研究

以国产成像光谱仪所获高光谱遥感数据为基础，根据田间同步采样数据建立的基于反射光谱特征的小麦冠层生物物理和生物化学估计模型，实现了用航空高光谱遥感数据对田间小麦冠层理化参量的整体反演。结果表明：用高光谱遥感方法估计小麦冠层理化参量是可行的；以理化参数为“波段”的数字图像及其处理，为农学家以理化参量的空间分布及其差异解释作物产量空间分布差异和研究作物生态生理机理提供了新的手段。     

Detecting the slope movement after the 2018 Baige Landslides based on ground-based and space-borne radar observations

On Oct. 11 and Nov. 3, 2018, two large-scale landslides occurred in the same location in Baige Village, Tibet, and massive rocks fell and encroached into the Jingsha River. These landslides posed a severe risk to the upstream and downstream areas. The occurrence, development and evolution of landslides are accompanied by a large number of changes in measurable variables. The deformation data are one of most important parameters for characterizing change and development trends of a landslide. This paper is centered on the results derived from ground-based radar and space-borne Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) images in the post-event phase to monitor the Baige landslides and to assess their residual risk. Two technologies play important roles in identifying and characterizing impending catastrophic slope failures: ground-based radar reveals the horizontal deformation, and satellite SAR images reveal the azimuth and range offset deformation. By combining satellite and ground-based SAR observations, we obtained high-precision three-dimensional (3D) deformation results and found that the vast majority of the instability regions mainly occur in the source area of the slope failures and that the direction of collapse converges from all sides to the middle. Additional information from UAV orthophoto maps and GNSS measurements also reveal that several cracks are distributed on the trailing edge of the landslide and are still moving. The comprehensive results revealed that the moving rock mass has still been remarkably active after the two landslide events. This study combined ground-based and space-borne SAR data to develop a long-term monitoring and stability evaluation process for implementation after a large landslide disaster. Based on the distribution characteristics of the 3D deformation fields, the present and future stability of the Baige Landslide was analyzed.     

高光谱遥感及其在青藏高原的应用潜力分析

高光谱遥感以其波段数目多、光谱分辨率高、带宽窄等特点受到了国内外研究者的广泛关注,它的发展可以说是遥感技术领域的巨大进步。本文主要介绍高光谱遥感的发展,以及针对高光谱影像独有的特点所要进行的数据处理方法。在此基础上,结合青藏高原独特的地理地质环境,探讨高光谱遥感在青藏高原的应用潜力。