螺旋群桩基础承载性状试验研究

根据螺旋群桩现场静载试验结果,分析了螺旋群桩基础承载性状的影响因素,讨论了极限荷载下群桩几何参数对螺旋群桩的桩端阻力和桩侧摩阻力的影响。结果表明,螺旋群桩承载性状受到相邻桩的叶片距离以及首层叶片到承台底面间的桩长度影响明显。在叶片桩距比（桩间距比叶片直径）小于2时,螺旋群桩静载试验的荷载-位移曲线呈缓变形,无明显的拐点,群桩破坏属于整体破坏。同时,螺旋桩的叶片有助于减小承台下桩间土变形活动区的高度,增强了桩-土-承台的相互作用,减小了群桩基础沉降量。     

基于桩-土界面剪切特性的单桩沉降和承载问题研究

近年来,西北地区出现了许多高填方场地,为减小建筑物基础的不均匀沉降,基础类型广泛使用桩基础。与一般场地不同,黄土填方场地中的单桩桩周土受力后仍会产生较大的变形,该类场地单桩沉降机制复杂。桩顶总沉降计算是桩基设计的重要依据,为此,建立了高填方黄土场地单桩桩顶总沉降计算模型。基于传统的荷载传递法和剪切位移法,分别考虑桩-土界面的桩-土相互作用和桩-土界面外剪切带土体的剪切变形。依据桩端边界,将单桩类型分为摩擦桩和端承摩擦桩,分别建立桩周土弹性阶段和塑性阶段的桩身位移控制微分方程,结合边界条件进行求解,得到桩身位移、轴力、侧摩阻力,并通过弹塑性理论求解了桩周土剪切带土体剪切变形,进而通过叠加原理求得桩顶总沉降。用桩长与桩周土塑性发展深度的比值,定义了桩基承载力安全系数K。通过算例分析与现场试验数据对比分析,研究结果表明：使用新的模型计算得到的桩顶总沉降与现场试验结果相近;当桩顶荷载较小、桩周土处于弹性阶段时,桩端边界对桩身轴力、位移和侧摩阻力影响很小,但桩周土进入塑性滑移阶段后,桩端边界的影响开始变大,考虑桩端土的承载能力会极大提高单桩极限承载力;建立了将荷载传递法和剪切位移法综合起来的计算...     

软土地层桥梁群桩基础桩土共同作用性状的非线性有限元分析

通过对某高速铁路特大桥群桩基础进行三维非线性有限元分析,并结合现场试验得出的规律进行相应的对比分析,研究了软土地层桥梁群桩基础桩身轴力、桩侧摩阻力、基底土体附加应力、孔隙水压力分布、超孔隙水压力消散和群桩基础荷载沉降规律。计算结果表明,基桩所承受的轴力,角桩＞边桩＞中心桩,角桩和边桩的轴力沿桩身减小的幅度较大,而中心桩的轴力沿桩身减小的幅度稍小;各基桩桩侧摩阻力的发挥情况,侧摩阻力值总体上呈角桩＞边桩＞中心桩,相对滑移量基本呈上大下小的形态,即桩身上部桩-土之间产生的相对滑移量较中下部要大;外荷载作用下产生的土体附加应力和超孔隙水压力主要集中在承台底以下土体的一定范围内,其衰减梯度沿深度方向逐渐降低,随着固结时间的延长,群桩基础沉降达到稳定。     

考虑加筋与遮帘效应计算群桩沉降的相互作用系数法

群桩中各基桩在地基土中的加筋与遮帘效应是客观存在的,然而,在目前的桩基沉降理论与实践中,相关的研究仍显不足。基于剪切变形法理论,考虑桩的加筋与遮帘效应,求得各基桩在自身桩顶荷载作用下产生的沉降以及其引起相邻桩的附加沉降量,由此提出群桩中任两桩的相互作用系数简化公式,同时,也得到各基桩桩侧及桩端桩-土接触等效弹簧刚度,并基于荷载传递法原理,建立了成层地基条件下各基桩在自身桩顶荷载作用下的桩身位移平衡方程,推导出各土层层顶处桩身沉降、轴力与层底处桩身沉降、轴力之间的递推关系,进而将公式推广到高、低承台群桩基础计算中。工程算例分析表明,用该方法计算有较高的精度,求得的荷载-沉降曲线及两桩相互作用系数与实测值吻合较好;相互作用系数要明显小于弹性理论计算结果。     

基于刚性承台群桩沉降的可靠度研究

针对在总结目前的群桩可靠度设计理论完全是基于承载力,提出了对于超大超长群桩基础采用基于沉降的可靠度设计概念,其中沉降计算模式考虑了桩身压缩以及桩端刺入量。在讨论了计算参数的分布规律后,用蒙特卡罗方法进行了可靠度指标的计算。通过一个算例表明,荷载水平增加会导致群桩可靠度指标急剧降低;可接受位移增加,可靠度指标增大,但这种趋势逐渐变缓。     

大厚度黄土地基超长群桩承载特性模型试验研究

大厚度黄土地基中大直径长桩、超长桩的应用急剧增多,但黄土地基中超长桩的承载变形机理、侧阻和端阻的发挥性状与普通桩差别较大。采用研制的黄土相似材料填筑模型,分别进行超长单桩和群桩竖向抗压静载试验,分析桩顶荷载作用下荷载-沉降、桩身轴力、桩侧阻力、桩端土体塑性区发展变化规律。研究结果表明:超长单桩在竖向荷载作用下,荷载主要由桩侧阻力承担,桩侧阻力由上向下逐步发挥,属纯摩擦桩,单桩破坏形式为刺入破坏,桩端土体塑性变形影响范围约为1.1 d。与单桩相比,超长群桩基础桩端承载力有较大幅度的提高,桩身轴力衰减深度范围有所减小,侧阻力沿桩身逐渐增大,桩端土层的影响范围约为1.25 d,与超长单桩的影响范围较为接近。本文的研究方法和结果可为大厚度黄土地区超长桩基的承载特性研究提供参考。     

桩-土共同作用的研究

桩端刺入量与桩身压缩量之和等于桩端以上桩间土的压缩量,这是桩与土共同发挥作用的基本条件。从这个基本条件出发,提出了一种考虑桩-土共同作用的简化分析方法。该方法可以求解任意荷载水平下桩间土的荷载分担量,进而可以方便的求解出用桩量,同时将基础沉降分为桩间土变形量及桩端下卧土层的整体压缩量两部分进行分析,可以方便的预测基础沉降量,最后根据建筑物的允许变形来确定桩的设计荷载值。工程实例分析表明该方法是可行的。     

考虑桩端刺入沉降的桩土自平衡式复合地基设计

复合地基的本质是增强体与地基土通过变形协调共同承担上覆荷载。褥垫层的设置起到了协调桩土变形的作用,但褥垫层工作性状及变形特性尚不明确,其厚度设计仍然参考规范依靠经验判断,往往不能充分发挥地基土的承载作用。目前复合地基设计通常采用褥垫层调节桩土变形,而忽略了桩端刺入沉降协调桩土变形来发挥地基土的承载作用,为了利用桩端刺入沉降协调桩土变形,充分发挥桩间土承载的作用,减薄褥垫层或不设褥垫层并减小设计桩长,以期降低地基处理费用,实现桩土共同承担荷载的目的,建立了通过控制桩端刺入沉降协调桩土变形的自平衡式复合地基设计方法。通过与褥垫层方法对比以及工程实例计算,结果表明,该方法可更好地发挥桩土承载作用,为复合地基优化设计提供参考。     

短桩基础桩-土共同作用的原位测试与数值分析

通过对湖沼平原一个6层建筑的短桩原位测试和数值分析,研究了短桩基础的荷载传递与变形特性。试验结果表明,桩基的实际承载力大于计算值,而沉降远小于计算值。桩顶反力和基底土压力的观测结果显示：地基土所分担的荷载较小。对短桩基础的桩-土共同作用进行数值分析,得到了地基土层内的附加应力和分层沉降变化情况。研究结果表明,湖沼平原短桩基础的沉降以桩端以下土层的压缩变形为主。浅部硬土层既作为短桩的持力层,又有利于附加应力的扩散,从而减小了沉降。     

岩溶区CFG桩复合地基的桩土作用研究

水泥粉煤灰碎石桩简称CFG桩。本文以某小区地基处理工程为例,采用数值模拟方法,从桩-桩间土、桩-桩端、桩-桩长、桩-桩身弹性模量等的沉降关系及复合地基-置换率、褥垫层―桩土应力的关系几个方面对CFG桩的桩土作用进行研究。结果表明,桩沉降量随着桩间土模量、桩端模量、桩身弹性模量、桩长、置换率等的增加沉降量减少。褥垫层越薄,桩顶应力越大,桩间土应力越小,垫层越厚,桩顶应力越小,但垫层厚度超过一定的临界值后,对桩土间应力就不会产生较大影响。得出CFG桩复合地基的适用性,为同类工程技术施工提供参考。     

A simplified analysis method for piled raft and pile group foundations with batter piles

A simplified method of numerical analysis has been developed to estimate the deformation and load distribution of piled raft foundations subjected to vertical, lateral, and moment loads, using a hybrid model in which the flexible raft is modelled as thin plates and the piles as elastic beams and the soil is treated as springs. Both the vertical and lateral resistances of the piles as well as the raft base are incorporated into the model. Pile–soil–pile, pile–soil–raft and raft–soil–raft interactions are taken into account based on Mindlin's solutions for both vertical and lateral forces. The validity of the proposed method is verified through comparisons with several existing methods for single piles, pile groups and piled rafts. Workable design charts are given for the estimation of the lateral displacement and the load distribution of piled rafts from the stiffnesses of the raft alone and the pile group alone. Additionally, parametric studies were carried out concerning batter pile foundations. It was found that the use of batter piles can efficiently improve the deformation characteristics of pile foundations subjected to lateral loads. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

考虑基坑开挖影响的群桩基础竖向承载性状数值分析

对土体采用Mohr-Coulomb弹塑性本构模型,用接触面单元模拟桩-土相互作用,利用ABAQUS建立桩筏基础--地基--基坑开挖三维有限元分析模型。对基坑开挖影响下的群桩基础竖向承载性状进行了分析,讨论了桩顶反力分布、桩身轴力、桩侧摩阻力以及开挖引起的桩身水平位移及其弯矩的变化规律,并进行了考虑基坑开挖与不考虑基坑开挖的群桩基础竖向承载性状的对比分析。通过研究,取得了基坑开挖对高层建筑桩筏基础影响的基本认识,这些认识对于改进桩筏基础设计理论有一定的参考意义。     

A simplified analysis method for piled raft foundations subjected to ground movements induced by tunnelling

A simplified method of numerical analysis has been developed to estimate the deformation and load distribution of piled raft foundations subjected to ground movements induced by tunnelling and incorporated into a computer program ‘PRAB’. In this method, a hybrid model is employed in which the flexible raft is modelled as thin plates, the piles as elastic beams, and the soil is treated as interactive springs. The interactions between structural members, pile–soil–pile, pile–soil–raft and raft–soil–raft interactions, are modelled based on Mindlin's solutions for both vertical and lateral forces. The validity of the proposed method is verified through comparisons with some published solutions for single piles and pile groups subjected to ground movements induced by tunnelling. Thereafter, the solutions from this approach for the analysis of a pile group and a piled raft subjected to ground movements induced by tunnelling are compared with those from three‐dimensional finite difference program. Good agreements between these solutions are demonstrated. The method is then used for a parametric study of single piles, pile groups and piled rafts subjected to ground movements induced by tunnelling. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

陆上风轮机梁板基础受力特性简化分析

提出一种多向荷载同时作用下的刚性桩筏基础简化计算方法,基于Mindlin解,分析桩顶面-桩顶面、桩顶面-土表面、土表面-土表面的相互作用关系。推导多向荷载下桩土体系柔度矩阵,得到刚性桩筏基础的受力和变形的关系,通过与有限元对比证明了文中方法的正确性,在此基础上对耦合荷载作用下的风机基础的受力和变形特性进行分析。研究表明,耦合荷载作用下风机基础将会产生竖向不均匀沉降,并会引起桩顶轴力的的巨大的差异。     

Three-dimensional analysis of bearing behavior of piled raft on soft clay

The piled raft has proved to be an economical foundation type compared to conventional pile foundations. However, there is a reluctance to consider the use of piled rafts on soft clay because of concerns about excessive settlement and insufficient bearing capacity. Despite these reasons, applications of piled rafts on soft clay have been increased recently. Current analysis methods for piled rafts on soft clay, however, are insufficient, especially for calculating the overall bearing capacity of the piled raft. This study describes the three-dimensional behavior of a piled raft on soft clay based on a numerical study using a 3D finite element method. The analysis includes a pile–soil slip interface model. A series of numerical analyses was performed for various pile lengths and pile configurations for a square raft subjected to vertical loading. Relatively stiff soil properties and different loading types were also used for estimating the bearing behavior of the piled raft. Based on the results, the effect of pile–soil slip on the bearing behavior of a piled raft was investigated. Furthermore, the proportion of load sharing of the raft and piles at the ultimate state and the relationship between the settlement and overall factor of safety was evaluated. The results show that the use of a limited number of piles, strategically located, might improve both bearing capacity and the settlement performance of the raft.     

Vertical harmonic vibration of piled raft foundations in layered soils

This paper develops a method to analyze the piled raft foundation under vertical harmonic load. This method takes into account the interactions among the piles, soil, and raft. The responses of the piles and raft are formulated as a series of equations in a suitable way and that of layered soils is simulated with the use of the analytical layer‐element method. Then, according to the equilibrium and continuity conditions at the piles–soil–raft interface, solutions for the piled raft systems are obtained and further demonstrated to be correct through comparing with the existing results. Finally, some examples are given to investigate the influence of the raft, pile length‐diameter ratio, and layering on the response of the piled raft foundations. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

多向荷载作用下层状地基刚性桩筏基础分析

提出一种多向荷载作用下层状地基中刚性桩筏基础的计算方法。基于剪切位移法,采用传递矩阵形式分析了竖向荷载下桩顶面-桩顶面相互作用;引入修正桩侧地基模量,采用有限差分法分析了水平荷载下桩顶面-桩顶面相互作用;基于层状弹性半空间理论,分析了多向荷载下桩顶面-土表面、土表面-桩顶面、土表面-土表面的相互作用关系。建立了桩土体系柔度矩阵,得到了多向荷载下层状地基中刚性桩筏基础的受力和变形的关系以及桩的内力和变形沿桩身分布规律。通过与有限元对比,验证了该方法的合理性和修正地基模量的优越性,并对多向荷载作用下的桩筏基础进行了计算分析,计算结果表明,水平力将会引起桩筏基础的倾斜。     

Integral equation method for analysis of piled rafts with dissimilar piles under vertical loading

In a piled raft, the length and arrangement of piles has a significant effect on the stresses and deflections of the raft. The use of piles with different dimensions and properties below a raft is an innovative concept and can optimize the design of a piled raft. In this study, an integral equation method with a fictitious pile model was adopted to analyze the piled raft foundation with dissimilar piles. The Fredholm integral equations of the second kind were obtained for this problem. The loads shared by piles and subsoil, the load transfer, and the settlement of the piled raft were obtained using numerical calculation. The results from the present method were compared with those in the literature. An optimization technique was introduced to design piled rafts with dissimilar piles. The stiffening effect of piles on the surrounding soil is also discussed as compared the conventional interaction factor approach.     

Thermo-hydro-mechanical response of a large piled raft equipped with energy piles: a parametric study

This paper presents the results of a parametric study in which a series of fully coupled, 3-dimensional thermo-hydro-mechanical Finite Element (FE) analyses has been conducted to investigate the effects of the thermal changes imposed by the regular performance of a GSHP system driven by energy piles on a very large piled raft. The FE simulation program has been focused mainly on the evaluation of the following crucial aspects of the energy system design: the assessment of the soil–pile–raft interaction effects during thermal loading conditions; the quantification of the influence of the thermal properties of the soil and of the geometrical layout of the energy piles on the soil–foundation system response, and the evaluation of the influence of the active pile spacing on the thermal performance of the GSHP–energy pile system. The results of the numerical simulations show that the soil–pile–raft interaction effects can be very important. In particular, the presence of a relatively rigid raft in direct contact with the soil is responsible for axial load variations in inactive piles of the same order of those experienced by the thermo-active piles, even when the latter are relatively far and temperature changes in inactive piles are small. As far as the effect of pile spacing is concerned, the numerical simulations show that placing a high number of energy piles in a large piled raft with relatively small pile spacings can lead to a significant reduction of the overall heat exchange from the piles to the soil, thus reducing the thermal efficiency of the system.     

A simplified analysis method for piled raft foundations in non‐homogeneous soils

A simplified method of numerical analysis based on elasticity theory has been developed for the analysis of axially and laterally loaded piled raft foundations embedded in non‐homogeneous soils and incorporated into a computer program “PRAB”. In this method, a hybrid model is employed in which the flexible raft is modelled as thin plates and the piles as elastic beams and the soil is treated as springs. The interactions between structural members, pile–soil–pile, pile–soil–raft and raft–soil–raft interactions, are approximated based on Mindlin's solutions for both vertical and lateral forces with consideration of non‐homogeneous soils. The validity of the proposed method is verified through comparisons with some published solutions for single piles, pile groups and capped pile groups in non‐homogeneous soils. Thereafter, the solutions from this approach for the analysis of axially and laterally loaded 4‐pile pile groups and 4‐pile piled rafts embedded in finite homogeneous and non‐homogeneous soil layers are compared with those from three‐dimensional finite element analysis. Good agreement between the present approach and the more rigorous finite element approach is demonstrated. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.