Reconstructing the development of the geosystems of the Primorsky Range during the latter half of the Holocene

We examine the sequence of changes in the structure of the geosystems of the Primorsky Range (Baikal region) for the last 6000 years, based on a continuous recording of fluctuations of the vegetation reconstructed from spore-pollen complexes of a high peat bog. We determined the chronological timeframe of paleogeographical events. The study showed that there occurred a radical structure transformation of the geosystems in the mid-late Holocene, along with a recurrence of similar landscape transformations caused by the instability of natural conditions.     

On the origin of the seismic anisotropy of the lithosphere

Summary. It is known that flow in the mantle can produce preferred orientation in olivine crystals with seismic anisotropy as a consequence. Flow in the subcrustal lithosphere is unlikely because of the high viscosity. Lenses of high temperature and low-viscosity ( anomalous mantle ) are located under the crust in many tectonically active regions, and viscous flow can easily arise in such material resulting in seismic anisotropy. After cooling, such anomalous mantle acquires high viscosity and becomes incorporated into the lithospheric layer preserving the anisotropy produced by the flows which existed previously. The interaction of the stresses with cracks in the upper crust can be one of the causes of anisotropy in this layer.     

松嫩平原资源开发对湿地生态环境的影响研究

文章论述了松嫩平原湿地生态系统的结构特征、资源潜力和生态功能，针对资源开发存在的诸多问题，探讨了不合理资源开发对湿地生态系统的影响。研究表明：松嫩平原湿地生态系统对区域农业经济可持续发展具有重要作用，不合理开发湿地会带来严重的生态后果，只有合理开发利用湿地才是维护生态平衡、实现区域生态经济持续发展的有效途径。     

Direct determination of the characteristics of the currents responsible for the geomagnetic anomaly of the Rhinegraben

Summary. Previous geomagnetic measurements in the Rhinegraben have led us to assume that the responsible currents have the properties of direct currents and that they all flow in the sediments filling the graben. In order to verify these conclusions, we have performed measurements in a mine at a depth of 650 m. By comparing the field simultaneously recorded at the surface, in the mine and at the reference station, it is possible to deduce that the anomalous currents have the above mentioned properties.     

Chemical composition of waters and the phytoplankton of the lakes within the delta of the Selenga river

Field observations showed that the characteristics of chemical composition of waters and the development of plankton algae in the lakes within the delta of the Selenga river are determined by their flowage. The most open Lake Nekipelovskoe communicates with the Selenga outlets throughout a year, and Lake Zavernyaikha only at the period of an open channel. Lake Semenovskoe and Lake Khlystov Zaton are located in the islands and are isolated from the outlets. According to composition of main ions, the lakes under investigation refer to the hydrocarbonate class, the calcium group. The sum of ions in the water of Lake Nekipelovskoe approaches the one in the Selenga (86?221 mg/dm³), and the highest sums of ions were recorded in the wintertime in the lakes isolated from the outlets (446?743 mg/dm³). The lakes of the delta are characterized by a high trophicity. The maximum concentrations of total phosphorus in Lake Nekipelovskoe and Lake Zavernyaikha were 68 and 122 μg mg/dm³, and in Lake Semenovskoe and Lake Khlystov Zaton ?0.8 and ?0.63 μg mg/dm³, respectively. The most intense development of algae is observed in Lake Zavernyaikha, which is due to the high population of Baikal endemics. Lake Zavernyaikha showed a close negative correlation between the concentration of NO ₃ ^? , mineral phosphorus and phytoplankton biomass; the correlation coefficient was ?0.8 and ?0.63, respectively. The lakes exhibited increased contents readily hydrolysable organic matter, and a decrease in dissolved oxygen concentration in winter; hydrogen sulfide was repeatedly recorded in Lake Khlystov Zaton. The water quality in the lakes during the springtime varies from “quite clean” to “weakly polluted”; at low-water periods, especially in winters, it can drop to the category of “exceedingly dirty”. The water quality of the Selenga can be influenced by the lakes during spring floods when material accumulated during the wintertime is transported to the river outlets and further to Lake Baikal.     

Locating the Melody of the Drives

Psychoanalysis has profoundly influenced those social theories that inform qualitative methodology in human geography. Yet many geographers are skeptical about the value and viability of psychoanalytic methodology because of its alleged reductionist causal explanations and relativistic interpretations of data. Drawing on the work of Slavoj ?i?ek, which affirms Jacques Lacan's undermining of the dualism of causality versus sense, this article illustrates the potential value of Lacanian psychoanalysis as a qualitative methodology in geography. Using a methodological case study from my research on Jamaican tourism, I illustrate how we can locate a Lacanian understanding of the drives in the interactions between tourists and hotel workers. In so doing, the article provides new insights into the enduring allures of tourism's commodity-form by focusing on how the object petit a—a chimerical object that incites desire and an unattainable object that the drives encircle—takes place in customer service and entertainment activities.     

江淮流域大洪水的发生规律探讨

对江淮流域的大洪水进行分析 ,得出如下三点新的认识 :(1)在太阳黑子活动的峰谷年前后 ,江淮流域一般容易出现大洪水 ;(2 )在太阳黑子活动的磁周期转变年前后 ,江淮流域容易出现大洪水 ,甚至是特大洪水 ;(3)在太阳黑子活动磁周期转变年前后的厄尔尼诺同年或次年 ,江淮流域更容易出现大洪水 ,甚至是特大洪水。这些认识可以为长期及超长期的洪水预报提供一定的理论依据。     

当今北极地缘政治格局特征分析

冷战结束后,北极地区逐渐发展为世界政治的一个热点,北极地缘政治局势处在快速的变化发展之中。地缘政治格局是控制地缘政治形势发展的一个结构因素,分析地缘政治格局有助于我们认识和理解复杂的、变动的地缘政治现实关系。本文在地缘政治格局概念基础上,提出了地缘政治格局的基本分析方法,并以此分析了冷战后北极地区的地缘政治格局的主要特征。     

Study on the relationship between the diameter of the compound eye and the growth of the Antarctickrill

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On the amplitude of the Chandler wobble

The change in the inertia tensor of the Earth, due to the mass shift following a seismic event, has been computed by several authors for non-rotating earth models. Rotation is taken into account in the present paper, and the additional change in the inertia tensor is computed for an equivalent earth model, in which the axis of geometrical symmetry becomes tilted instead of the axis of greatest inertia. Rotation is thus seen to produce an increase by a factor 1.4 in the amplitude variation of the Chandler wobble, with respect to the non-rotating case, which, when added to the 1.4 amplitude increase due to the precessional re-adjustment of the equatorial bulge, gives a factor of 2 increase of the Chandler wobble amplitude with respect to the case of a rigid earth model.     

西辽河平原东部沼泽发育与中全新世早期以来古环境演变

根据典型沼泽剖面14 C测年及其树木年轮校正、孢粉分析、粘土矿物X 衍射分析、泥炭植物残体鉴定和沉积物的化学元素聚集与迁移资料 ,研究了中全新世以来西辽河平原东部沼泽发育过程与古环境演变及其二者的关系。结果表明 ,位于生态环境过渡带、脆弱带的沼泽发生、发育对环境变化尤为敏感。中全新世早期以来 ,环境变化频繁 ,由此导致沼泽发育出现多次形成、发育、退化、消亡、再生循环变化。沼泽发育与古环境演变可划分为 6个时期 :中全新世早期沼泽孕育与萌芽发育期 ;中全新世中期沼泽旺盛发育期 ;中全新世中晚期沼泽间断发育期 ;中全新世晚期沼泽退化发育期 ;晚全新世早期沼泽复苏期 ;晚全新世晚期沼泽消亡期。距今 5 80 0年左右为本区全新世沼泽最早发育期。沼泽发育也遵循富营养沼泽长期发展的模式     

Belorussia: the demographic transition and the settlement network in the 1980s

Changes in the pattern of settlement in the Belorussian SSR, one of the constituent republics of the USSR, over the past 25 years is reviewed. The author suggests that Belorussia during this period has gone through the evolutionary process described in the demographic transition model. "The model outlines the changes in birth and death rates and their evolution over time in response to improved medical facilities, resulting in an increase of population of a region or country. At the same time the process of industrialization is accompanied by urbanization, which Belorussia has experienced in the period since 1959." A review of contemporary Soviet thinking on rural and urban settlement networks is included     

中部崛起与区域创新文化体系重构

创新文化包括创新文化价值体系和创新文化制度体系,是区域创新的软支撑.中部地区创新文化在价值体系和制度体系上存在阻碍区域创新的因素.在价值体系上表现为个体创新精神不足,社会价值观对创新的鼓励不足.在制度体系上表现为创新运行机制不健全,激励创新的正式和非正式制度不发达等.要想促进中部崛起和区域创新,必须重塑中部创新文化的价值体系和制度体系,从而使中部创新网络的联结更为紧密,创新体系更加健全,创新更为高效,为中部崛起战略奠定文化基础.     

On the Origin of the Strand Flat

One of the most fruitful problems to Scandinavian plant geography has been that of the origin of the Scandinavian alpine and arctic flora. A long time after the discovery of the Ice Ages in Northern Europe, the supposition was held that all plant life in Scandinavia was destroyed during the last Ice Age. This was the “tabula rasa” theory. According to this theory all plant life should have immigrated into Scandinavia after the last Ice Age. This also applied to the alpine and arctic element in the flora of Scandinavia. This element should have immigrated from areas outside the maximum glaciation in Central and Eastern Europe. The Scandinavian arctic-alpine flora is hence expected to be a province of the Middle or Eastern European flora.

This is not the fact. The Scandinavian alpine flora contains an important and even dominating element of species with their relatives on the western side of the Atlantic ocean. These species could hardly have their origin in Central and Eastern Europe.     

Primary production and decomposition in the coastal zone of the northern part of the Aral Sea near the delta of the Syr Dar'ya

Data are given on the concentration of suspended organic carbon and chlorophylla in seston, the quantity of organic carbon in bottom sediments, and other environmental characteristics. The results of experiments determining daily quantitites of total and net primary production and aerobic decomposition in plantonic and bottom communities are discussed.     

青藏高原全新世降水序列的集成重建

青藏高原全新世降水变化对于过去全球变化研究有重要意义。在过去全球变化研究中, 大尺度区域降水序列重建缺乏可行、有效的方法, 本文以青藏高原作为研究区, 构建了分区古降水空间模拟－多区面积加权的集成方法, 重建全新世青藏高原降水序列。本研究以孢粉为环境证据, 选取有空间代表性的10 条由孢粉重建的高原样点降水序列, 获得716 条具有年代的定量降水记录, 建立全新世古降水记录数据集。借助GIS分析, 基于现代高原降水空间分布的地理因子模拟, 并与古降水记录相集成, 定量重建了高原全新世200 年分辨率的降水序列。结果显示:早全新世高原降水迅速增多, 并在9.0 kaBP达到极大值500 mm, 较现代高170 mm;9.0~5.6 kaBP是旺盛的湿润期, 降水总体比现代高出80 mm, 但呈现明显的下降趋势;5.6 kaBP以来降水减少, 降水与现代相当, 但波动幅度较小;集成序列与其他高低分辨率环境记录有很好的可比性, 说明集成序列有很好的代表性和一定的准确性。     

Capital,the state and rural land holdings: the example of the pastoral industry in the Northern Territory

Large capital interests have a long history of ownership of rural land in Australia. There have been many changes in this kind of ownership in recent decades. The rationale for various forms of ownership of large leasehold areas in the Northern Territory is presented. New financial structures operating in local and international capital markets and the opportunities presented by the state are important parts of this rationale.     

On the constitution of the Moon's mantle

Summary. An analysis of the inferences to be drawn from the seismic velocities in the lunar mantle is presented and it is concluded first that the material of the lunar mantle is different from that of the upper mantle of the Earth and secondly, that the changes of bulk and shear modulus with depth in the Earth as well as in the Moon indicate changes of composition with depth.     

两汉时期黄河水患与中游土地利用之关系

对史料重新进行了综合分析和解读,结合现代水文、地貌、土壤侵蚀的观测研究成果,就两汉黄河下游水患和中游土地利用方式的环境后果,提出了新的观点：(1)《后汉书》有关水患的记载简单笼统,但对伊洛河洪灾记载相对详细。当时伊洛河曾多次发生大水,甚至发生淹及洛阳城门和皇家园林的特大洪水,这些洪水涌入黄河干流同样可能导致下游水患;(2)自AD11河决魏郡后,一直到AD69王景治河的58年间,下游既未堵塞决口也未大规模治理,洪水来时任由泛滥。显然《后汉书》中没有具体记载是有意或无意漏记;(3) 对史籍中东汉大水、水出等记载逐年逐次排查,发现东汉水患频率高于西汉,灾情也更为严重。王景新河仅使下游安定了36年而非过去认为的800年或83年;(4) 东汉时期中游农耕人口比西汉减少近3/4,而河口镇至龙门间农耕人口减少九成以上,同时迁入大量游牧民族。原始游牧对天然植被破坏极大,是造成东汉黄河下游水患加剧的主要原因。